Measures of Forecast Error: - Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) Average of the absolute errors. - Mean Squared Error (MSE): Average of the squared errors. - Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE): Average of the absolute percentage errors. - Trend value: Refers to the underlying direction or pattern in a time series, not a measure of error. - Moving average: A forecasting technique itself, not a measure of error. - Price fluctuation: Refers to changes in price, not a direct measure of forecast error.