- Primary memory (RAM, Cache) is used for temporary storage of data the CPU is actively using; it is fast but volatile and limited in capacity. - Auxiliary storage (e.g., hard drives, SSDs, optical discs, flash drives) is used for long- term storage of data; it is slower than primary memory but non-volatile and has much larger capacity. - Cache memory is a very small, very fast memory used to speed up access to data from primary memory. - Random access memory (RAM) is a type of primary memory.