Constructivism emphasizes active learning where learners construct their own knowledge and understanding through experience and reflection. - Statement (1) 'Based on discovery' aligns with constructivism, as learners discover concepts through exploration. - Statement (2) 'Development of thinking' is a core tenet of constructivism, fostering higher-order thinking skills. - Statement (4) 'Construction of new knowledge' is the very essence of constructivist learning. - The rote method, which involves memorization without understanding, is antithetical to the principles of constructivism.