- The Tenth Schedule to the Constitution (Anti- Defection Law) lays down the provisions for disqualification of MPs and MLAs on the ground of defection. - The law applies to members of political parties, independent members, and nominated members. - Disqualification grounds include voluntarily giving up membership of a political party, voting or abstaining against party whip, independent members joining a party, and nominated members joining a party after six months. - The law provides for exceptions like merger, where 2/3rd members agree to merge.