- The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing. - The CPU is typically composed of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), the Control Unit (CU), and registers. Cache memory is also considered part of the CPU in modern architectures. - The Control Unit is a vital part of the CPU responsible for fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and managing the execution of these instructions by directing the operations of the ALU, memory, and input/output devices. It is often described as the "brain" or "manager" of the CPU.