Essential nutrients are elements required for a plant to complete its life cycle. Macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) are needed in relatively large amounts, while micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl) are needed in smaller amounts. Sodium (Na) is beneficial for many plants, especially those performing C4 photosynthesis or growing in saline conditions, but it is not universally essential for all plant species.