- Sidereal Rotation Periods (approx.): Earth (~23 hours 56 minutes), Mars (~24 hours 37 minutes), Mercury (~58 Earth days), Venus (~243 Earth days, retrograde). - The length of a solar day (sunrise to sunrise) can differ significantly from the sidereal day, especially for planets with slow rotation and/or significant orbital periods like Mercury and Venus. However, the question asks for the "shortest day" and among the rocky planets listed, Earth's rotation is the fastest.