- Syzygy is the alignment of three celestial bodies. A 180° alignment describes a syzygy. - A syzygy conjunction (Moon between Sun and Earth) causes a solar eclipse. - A syzygy opposition (Earth between Sun and Moon) causes a lunar eclipse. - Syzygy conjunction (New Moon) occurs approximately once a lunar cycle (around 29.5 days). Perihelion (Earth closest to the Sun) occurs only once a year (around January 3rd). Therefore, syzygy conjunction does not occur only at the time of perihelion.