The Policy of Paramountcy was a gradual development, but Lord Hastings is widely credited with actively implementing and formalizing it by weakening the Maratha confederacy and establishing British suzerainty over numerous Indian states. Lord Cornwallis is known for the Permanent Settlement and administrative reforms. Lord Dalhousie is infamous for the Doctrine of Lapse and annexation of states. Lord Canning was Governor-General during the Mutiny of 1857.