With reference to Central Bank digital currencies, consider the following statements : 1. It is possible to make payments in a digital currency without using US dollar or SWIFT system. 2. A digital currency can be distributed with condition programmed into it such as a time-frame for spending it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

- CBDCs allow for direct digital payment rails that do not necessarily rely on intermediary banks or existing international systems like SWIFT. This can facilitate faster and potentially cheaper cross-border transactions without requiring conversion to a specific reserve currency like the US dollar for routing. - CBDCs can be designed with built-in rules or conditions, making them 'programmable'. This could include setting time limits for spending (expiry dates), restricting usage to specific goods or services, or triggering payments upon fulfillment of certain conditions.