With reference to the steady decline in the mortality rate over the years, consider the following statements : (1) Control of epidemics such as cholera and smallpox (2) Expansion in incidence of malaria and tuberculosis (3) Contraction of education and decreased literacy (4) Improved sanitation and hygiene. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A steady decline in the mortality rate over the years is primarily attributed to improvements in public health, healthcare, and living conditions. - (1) Control of epidemics such as cholera and smallpox: Successful efforts to control and eradicate major infectious diseases like smallpox, cholera, plague, etc., have significantly reduced death rates, especially among vulnerable populations. - (4) Improved sanitation and hygiene: Access to clean drinking water, proper waste disposal systems, and better personal and public hygiene practices drastically reduce the incidence of waterborne and infectious diseases, leading to lower mortality.