Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defence Technologies is part of Defence Technology. Below are notes on 16 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.

Biological Agent Identification and Detection Systems

  • Non-Linear Junction Detector (NLJD), Threat Containment Vehicle (TCV), and Bomb Blanket are Bomb Detection/Disposal Equipment.
  • A Buried Cable is not a Bomb Detection/Disposal Equipment; it's typically for electrical or communication purposes.
  • Through the X-BIS (X-ray Baggage Inspection System) Screen, explosives are typically seen in orange colour.
  • A Non-Linear Junction Detector (NLJD) is capable of detecting devices containing semiconductors, which are components of many Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
  • According to prescribed specifications, an NLJD should be capable of detecting an ABCD circuit buried under dry soil up to a depth of at least 12 inches.
  • The dog squad of CISF (Central Industrial Security Force) is trained to sniff and identify narcotics and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).

Chemical Warfare Agent Sensors and Monitors

  • Sarin is a highly toxic Nerve Agent.
  • Sarin was used in the 2013 chemical attack in Syria.
  • Napalm bombs are typically made of gasoline thickened with gelling agents like aluminum salts of naphthenic and palmitic acids; petroleum jelly is a simplified component that aids in thickening.

Collective Protection Systems (CPS)

  • Collective Protection Systems (CPS): Designed to protect personnel and equipment from Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) threats.
  • Mechanism: Creates an over-pressured, filtered, and sealed internal environment (e.g., shelters, vehicles, command posts) to prevent contaminants from entering.
  • Components typically include: NBC filters (particulate and gas), blowers to maintain positive pressure, airlocks, and monitoring systems.
  • National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): Specialized force for disaster management, including Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) incidents.
  • NDRF Academy: Established in Nagpur in 2018 to provide training for disaster response personnel, including those managing CBRN threats.

Decontamination Technologies for NBC Agents

  • RDX stands for Research Department Explosive.
  • An Improvised Explosive Device (IED) typically requires a Detonator, Explosive, and a Battery (or other power source).
  • During a fire outbreak, immediate actions include stopping spread, rescuing persons, and deploying equipment/manpower; waiting for external authorities (e.g., police) without taking immediate action is incorrect.

Indian Navy Training Institutes

    • Anti-Submarine Warfare School: INS Venduruthy, Kochi
    • NBCD (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Defence & Damage Control) School: INS Shivaji, Lonavala
    • Music Training School: INS Kunjali, Mumbai
    • Provost and Physical Training School: INS Mandovi, Goa

Class 'B' Fires (Flammable liquids like oil, petrol)

    • CO₂ extinguishers are effective.
    • Special dry chemical extinguishers are effective.
    • Foam extinguishers are highly effective (not less effective) for 'B' type fires as they smother the fire and cool the fuel.
    • Water (including steam) should be used with caution, or avoided, as it can spread 'B' type fires due to flammable liquids floating on water.

Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Essential Components

Explosive (main charge), Detonator/Initiator, Power Source (for electronic components), and a Switch/Fuzing System (e.g., timer, command, victim-operated).

  • A mechanical timer/clock is a specific type of switch/fuzing system; not all IEDs utilize this specific mechanism (e.g., command-detonated, victim-operated switches).

High Explosives

Undergo detonation, producing a supersonic shockwave and shattering effect. Examples include TNT, RDX, PETN, and plastic explosives (e.g., C4).

Low Explosives

Undergo deflagration (rapid burning), producing a subsonic pressure wave and a propelling effect. Examples include Black Powder (gunpowder) and smokeless powder.

  • Black gunpowder is classified as a low explosive.
  • TNT, RDX, and plastic explosives are classified as high explosives.

Medical Countermeasures and Therapeutics for NBC Exposure

  • DRDO developed 'Lukoskin' for the treatment of Leukoderma (Leucoderma).
  • DRDO's developed polyherbal products include 'Amtooth' and 'Eczit'.
  • DRDO, in collaboration with Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (DRL), developed the antiCOVID drug "2-DG".

Next-generation NBC Defence Research and Development

  • HMX: High Melting Explosive.
  • Atom bomb working principle: Nuclear fission (e.g., uranium).
  • Hydrogen bomb working principle: Nuclear fusion (e.g., deuterium).
  • Hydrogen bomb (thermonuclear weapon) is significantly more powerful than an atom bomb (fission weapon) of the same capacity/ power.
  • Neutron bomb (Enhanced Radiation Weapon): Designed to maximize radiation yield, minimize blast/heat; causes less structural damage but more human casualties.
  • Hydrogen bomb developer: Edward Teller.
  • Fast Breeder Reactor (FBTR) at Kalpakkam coolant: Liquid sodium.
  • India's first nuclear reactor: Apsara.
  • Pokhran-I (1974) official code name: 'Smiling Buddha'.
  • Pokhran-II: Conducted on May 11-13, 1998.
  • National Technology Day (May 11): Commemorates the successful Pokhran-II nuclear tests.
  • Multi Influence Ground Mine (MIGM) development: Collaborated by Centre for Fire Explosive and Environment Safety (CFEES), Delhi, and Defence Laboratory (DL), Jodhpur.
  • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): Accepted by the UN General Assembly in June 1968.
  • SEBEX 2: An explosive device based on melting explosive technology, developed by High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune.

Nuclear Hardening and Shielding Technologies

  • Heavy-water plants in India include Hazira, Thal, Tuticorin, and Manuguru. Kalpakkam is a nuclear power plant, not primarily a heavy-water plant.
  • The Subterranean Nuclear Explosion Project (SNEP) was approved by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
  • The first Pokhran nuclear test (1974) was code-named ‘Smiling Buddha’. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs described it as a Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (PNE).
  • India's Nuclear Doctrine comprises No First Use (NFU), Unilateral Moratorium (on nuclear testing), and Minimum Credible Deterrence (MCD).
  • Minimum Credible Deterrence (MCD) refers to the necessity of nuclear weapons for a country facing a clear nuclear threat. India cited it against China, and Pakistan cited it against India.
  • Nuclear power is the fourth largest source of electricity in India, following thermal, hydro, and renewable sources.
  • India is a non-signatory of the Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty (NPT).
  • India is not a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).
  • INS Arihant is India's first nuclear submarine to be included in the Indian Navy.

Nuclear Radiation Detection Technologies

  • India conducted its first nuclear detonation (Pokhran-I / "Smiling Buddha") on May 18, 1974, at Pokhran, Rajasthan.
  • Nuclear reactor fuel primarily consists of fissionable materials like Uranium (U-235, U-233) or Plutonium (Pu-239).
  • Cadmium is used in nuclear reactors as a control rod material (neutron absorber), not as fuel.
  • The energy of a thermal neutron is approximately 0.025 eV (at 20°C / 293 K).
  • Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) is located at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.
  • Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is located at Trombay, Mumbai.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for NBC Threats

  • Suspect Luggage Containment Vehicle (SLCV) is a Bomb Detection and Disposal Squad (BDDS) protection equipment.

3. Space and Satellite Technologies for Defence

Robotics and Unmanned Systems for NBC Reconnaissance

  • Mini Remotely Operated Vehicles (MROVs) are used for Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and surveillance operations.
  • MROVs are designed to operate inside various environments including buildings, terminals (e.g., passenger terminal buildings), and aircrafts.

system; Agni-V and Agni-P are more recent developments.

  • Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission - MOM) was launched on November 5, 2013, with the primary aim of studying Mars' atmosphere and surface features.
  • India's first satellite, Aryabhata, was launched on April 19, 1975. Satish Dhawan was the Chairman of ISRO during its launch.
  • ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) established: 1969.
  • DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) established: 1958.
  • CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) established: 1942.

4. Armoured Vehicles and Tank Technology

Practice MCQs: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defence Technologies

Biological Agent Identification and Detection Systems

  1. Which one of following is not a Bomb Detection/Disposal Equipment ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2017

    1. Non-Linear Junction Detector (NLJD)
    2. Threat Containment Vehicle (TCV)
    3. Bomb Blanket
    4. Buried Cable
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Buried Cable

    Bomb detection and disposal equipment includes specialized tools and vehicles designed to locate, identify, contain, or neutralize explosive devices. Non-Linear Junction Detectors (NLJD) are used to find electronic components in devices like IEDs. Threat Containment Vehicles (TCV) are used to ing time delay (activated after a set period), physical action (activated by pressure, pull, etc.), and environment (activated by changes in light, temperature, etc.). Statement 3 is correct: Chemical pencils are a type of improvised time-delay fuse where a chemical reaction eats through a restraining material over time, releasing a firing pin or activating mechanism.

  2. Little Boy relates to

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 4 2022

    1. H-bomb
    2. U-bomb
    3. Pu-bomb
    4. He-bomb
    Show answer

    Answer: B. U-bomb

    Atomic bombs (A-bombs) utilize nuclear fission, splitting heavy atomic nuclei like Uranium or Plutonium. "Little Boy" used Uranium-235, while the bomb dropped on Nagasaki ("Fat Man") used Plutonium-239. Hydrogen bombs (H-bombs) are thermonuclear weapons that utilize nuclear fusion, which is much more powerful than fission. safely transport explosive threats. Bomb Blankets are used to protect people and property from the effects of an explosion. A buried cable, while potentially being related to infrastructure or possibly a component of an IED, is not a standard piece of bomb detection/disposal equipment itself.

  3. Through the X-BIS Screen, explosives are seen in

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2017

    1. Orange colour
    2. Green colour
    3. Black colour
    4. White colour
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Orange colour

    - X-BIS machines use dual-energy X-rays to differentiate between materials based on their atomic number (Zeff). - Different colours are assigned to different categories of materials: - Organic materials (low Zeff, e.g., paper, cloth, food, explosives, drugs) - often shown as orange/brown. - Mixed materials (medium Zeff, e.g., plastics, water) - often shown as green. - Inorganic materials (high Zeff, e.g., metals, glass) - often shown as blue/black.

  4. A non-linear junction detector is capable of detecting

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2020

    1. devices containing semi-conductors.
    2. conventional explosives.
    3. plastic and liquid explosives.
    4. All of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: A. devices containing semi-conductors.

    NLJDs detect devices containing semiconductors, which are fundamental components of electronic circuits.

  5. According to the prescribed specifications, the NLJD should be capable of detecting ABCD circuit buried under dry soil up to a depth of at least

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2020

    1. 12 inches
    2. 18 inches
    3. 24 inches
    4. 36 inches
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 12 inches

    NLJDs are used for detecting buried or concealed electronic components. Performance specifications include detection depth.

  6. The dog squad of CISF is trained to sniff and identify which of the following? 1. Metallic weapons 2. Narcotics 3. Pickle and smuggled food items 4. IEDs Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2024

    1. 1 and 2
    2. 2 only
    3. 1 and 3
    4. 2 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 2 and 4

    Security dog squads are commonly trained for explosive detection (including IEDs) and narcotics detection.

Chemical Warfare Agent Sensors and Monitors

  1. Chemical agent Sarin was used in the chemical attack carried out in Syria in 2013. Which type of chemical agent is Sarin ?

    Asked in: PPSC CS Prelims 2013

    1. Blister Agent
    2. Choking Agent
    3. Blood Agent
    4. Nerve Agent
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Nerve Agent

    Sarin is a well-known example of a nerve agent, a highly toxic class of chemical weapons.

  2. Napalm bomb is made up of which of the following?

    Asked in: Field Investigator 2020

    1. Dynamites
    2. Petroleum jelly
    3. Gypsum
    4. Atom welding
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Petroleum jelly

    This question tests knowledge of the composition of military incendiary devices, specifically the napalm bomb.

Collective Protection Systems (CPS)

  1. In which city was the National Disaster Response Force Academy established in the year 2018 ?

    Asked in: mppsc 2025 2025

    1. Nagpur
    2. Kanpur
    3. Bharatpur
    4. Shimla
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Nagpur

    The NDRF Academy is a premier training institution for disaster response, equipping personnel with the skills and knowledge to handle various disaster scenarios.

Decontamination Technologies for NBC Agents

  1. RDX stands for

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2017

    1. Research Department Explosive
    2. Radio Device Explosive
    3. Radioactive Detonated Explosive
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Research Department Explosive

    RDX is a powerful explosive widely used in military and industrial applications. The acronym originated from the British Research Department in the 1930s.

  2. Which of the following are required in making an Improvised Explosive Device (IED)? 1. Detonator 2. Explosive 3. Battery Select the correct answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2017

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3

    An Improvised Explosive Device (IED) is a bomb constructed using unconventional means. The fundamental components generally required for a functional IED are: 1. Explosive This is the main charge that produces the explosion. 2. Detonator/Initiator This is a smaller charge or mechanism used to trigger the main explosive charge. 3. Initiating System This system activates the detonator. It often includes a power source (like a battery), a switch, and wiring for electrical detonation, which is very common in modern IEDs due to its versatility (e.g., timer, remote control). While non-electric initiation systems exist (like fuses), a battery is a common and necessary component for electrically initiated IEDs. Given the options, all three listed items are standard components for a widely used type of IED construction.

  3. During the outbreak of fire in a unit, which one of the following should not be done ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2022

    1. Stop the fire from spreading
    2. Reach the spot as early as possible with proper equipment and sufficient manpower
    3. Inform the local police and wait till the police arrives
    4. Rescue of the persons caught in the fire
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Inform the local police and wait till the police arrives

    - Emergency procedures during a fire emphasize immediate response: raising the alarm, attempting to extinguish small fires if safe, evacuating people, and informing relevant authorities (fire services and police). - Delaying action while waiting for authorities can lead to the fire escalating, causing more damage and endangering lives. - Rescue of trapped persons and preventing the fire from spreading are critical immediate actions.

  4. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists : List I List II (Indian Navy Training In‐ (INS) stitute)

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2023

    1. Anti-Submarine War‐ 1. INS Venduruthy, fare School Kochi 2. INS Kunjali,
    2. NBCD School Mumbai 3. INS Mandovi,
    3. Music Training School Goa
    4. Provost and Physical 4. INS Shivaji, Training School Lonavala Code : A. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 B. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 C. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 D. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
    Show answer

    Answer: B. NBCD School Mumbai 3. INS Mandovi,

    - INS Venduruthy is the major base in Kochi that houses several training establishments. - INS Shivaji in Lonavala is a technical training institute, particularly known for engineering disciplines and NBCD training. - INS Kunjali is a naval base in Mumbai, home to various units including the Naval Band. - INS Mandovi is a naval base in Goa, also hosting various training facilities including for Provost and PT.

  5. Consider the following statements: 1. CO₂ should be used to control 'B' type fire 2. Special dry chemicals can be used to control 'B' type fire 3. Foam extinguishers are less effective to control 'B' type fire 4. Steam of water should be used with caution as it may spread the 'B' type fire Which of the statements given above are not correct ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2023

    1. 2 and 3 only
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 3 and 4 only
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 3 and 4 only

    - Foam is highly effective on Class B fires, making statement 3 incorrect. - Applying water to hot liquid fires causes steam and can spread the fire. Statement 4 might be considered incorrect due to specific phrasing regarding "steam of water".

Forensic Analysis of NBC Materials

  1. Which one of the following is not an essential component of Improvised Explosive Device (IED)?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2021

    1. Explosive
    2. Detonator
    3. Mechanical timer/Mechanical clock
    4. Power source
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Mechanical timer/Mechanical clock

    The essential components of most IEDs are the explosive fill, the detonator, and an initiation system (which may include a power source and a trigger/timer mechanism). Different types of initiation systems exist; a mechanical timer is only one example of a delay mechanism.

  2. Which one of the following is not a High Intensity Explosive ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2022

    1. TNT
    2. RDX
    3. Black gunpowder
    4. Plastic explosive
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Black gunpowder

    - High explosives detonate, producing a supersonic shockwave. Low explosives deflagrate (burn rapidly), producing a subsonic pressure wave. - TNT (Trinitrotoluene), RDX (Research Department Explosive), and plastic explosives (which typically use RDX or PETN as the main component) are all examples of high explosives known for their destructive power and high detonation velocity.

Medical Countermeasures and Therapeutics for NBC Exposure

  1. The Defense Research Development Organization (DRDO) has developed a drug named 'Lukoskin' for the treatment of

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2015

    1. Leukemia
    2. Leukoderma
    3. Lung Cancer
    4. Brain Tumour
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Leukoderma

    Leukoderma is a chronic skin condition characterized by patches of depigmentation (loss of skin color). Lukoskin is an herbal-based formulation.

  2. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed a drug named, 'Lukoskin'. It is being used in the treatment of

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 2 2019 · RPSC RAS Prelims 2016

    1. Leukorrhea
    2. Lung Cancer
    3. Leucoderma
    4. Leukemi
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Leucoderma

    Lukoskin is an ayurvedic drug developed by the Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), a lab under DRDO, for the treatment of Leucoderma, a condition characterized by depigmentation of the skin.

  3. Which of the following polyherbal product has NOT been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO):

    Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 2018

    1. Amtooth
    2. Lukoskin
    3. Nocdurna
    4. Eczit
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Nocdurna

    Nocdurna is a pharmaceutical drug containing desmopressin, used to treat nocturia (excessive urination at night). It was developed by Ferring Pharmaceuticals.

  4. Who has developed the new anti-covid drug "2-DG" in collaboration with DRL?

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 4 2021

    1. DRDO
    2. Bharat Biotech
    3. ICMR
    4. Serum Institute
    Show answer

    Answer: A. DRDO

    The drug 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was developed by the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), a lab of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), in collaboration with Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (DRL).

Next-generation NBC Defence Research and Development

  1. What is/are the full form(s) of HMX? Select the correct answer using the codes given below. 1. High Melting Explosive 2. High-Density Monoatomic Xenon 3. Hedge Monetizing Xeno-currency 4. Her Majesty's Explosive

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 69th

    1. 1 and 2
    2. 2 and 3
    3. Only 1
    4. 1 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Only 1

    HMX, also known as Octogen, is a powerful and stable explosive with a relatively high melting point compared to other explosives like TNT.

  2. Recently the news of North Korea having successfully tested Hydrogen bomb shook the world. a. Hydrogen bomb is at least twice more dangerous than the atom bomb of the same capacity/power. b. Neutron bomb causes less financial harm but more human loss. Which of the above two statements is/are correct ?

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. Only a
    2. Only b
    3. Both a and b
    4. Neither a nor b
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both a and b

    Statement (a) claims a hydrogen bomb is at least twice more dangerous than an atom bomb of the same capacity/power. While hydrogen bombs (thermonuclear) are typically designed for much higher yields than atomic bombs (fission), comparing them at the same yield suggests looking at the distribution and characteristics of energy release. For the same yield, a thermonuclear weapon can potentially have a different mix of blast, thermal radiation, and prompt/fallout radiation, which some sources suggest can lead to a larger total area of significant damage or lethality compared to a fission weapon of equivalent yield. Thus, the statement is considered correct in this context. Statement (b) accurately describes a neutron bomb (enhanced radiation weapon). It is a type of thermonuclear weapon designed to maximize lethal neutron radiation output while minimizing blast and thermal effects. This design intent is precisely to cause high human casualties with relatively less destruction to infrastructure.

  3. The working principle of atom bomb is nuclear fission of uranium and the working principle of hydrogen bomb is :

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 1994

    1. nuclear fusion of deuterium.
    2. nuclear fission of thorium.
    3. explosion of bomb involving hydrogen gas.
    4. explosion involving dynamite and T.N.T.
    Show answer

    Answer: A. nuclear fusion of deuterium.

    A hydrogen bomb (thermonuclear bomb) releases vast amounts of energy through nuclear fusion, where light atomic nuclei (typically isotopes of hydrogen like deuterium and tritium) combine under extremely high temperatures and pressures to form heavier nuclei. This fusion process is initiated by a nuclear fission reaction (like in an atom bomb), which provides the necessary conditions.

  4. Which one of the following coolants is used in the fast breeder reactor at Kalpakkam ?

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2010

    1. Carbon dioxide
    2. Heavy water
    3. Sea water
    4. Liquid sodium
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Liquid sodium

    The fast breeder reactor at Kalpakkam, known as the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), uses a liquid metal as a primary coolant. Liquid metals are preferred in fast reactors because they are effective at transferring heat and do not significantly moderate (slow down) the fast neutrons necessary for the chain reaction in this type of reactor.

  5. Hydrogen bomb was developed by

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2015

    1. Adberd Taylor
    2. Bcrnor Bon Bron
    3. J. Robert Opan Heemar
    4. Samual Cohen
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Adberd Taylor

    Edward Teller was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to the Manhattan Project (atomic bomb) and later became the driving force behind the development of the first thermonuclear weapon (hydrogen bomb) for the United States.

  6. The first Nuclear reactor of India is named:

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2012

    1. Apsara
    2. Kamini
    3. Rohini
    4. Urvashi
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Apsara

    India's first nuclear reactor was a research reactor named Apsara. It became operational on August 4, 1956, at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Trombay, Mumbai.

  7. The official code name of the Pokharn nuclear test -1974, was

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2009

    1. Smiling Buddha
    2. Thunder Bolt
    3. Flying Garud
    4. Agni Pareeksha
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Smiling Buddha

    This test made India the world's sixth country to successfully detonate a nuclear weapon. The test was described by the Indian Ministry of External Affairs as a "peaceful nuclear explosion".

  8. The reason for celebrating National Technology Day on 11th May is because on this day

    Asked in: APPSC Group II Prelims 2016

    1. PARAM supercomputer was inaugurated
    2. ISRO launched its first PSLV rocket
    3. The first nuclear reactor went critical
    4. Nuclear tests were successfully conducted at Pokhran
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Nuclear tests were successfully conducted at Pokhran

    May 11th also marks other significant technological achievements in India, such as the first test flight of the indigenous aircraft Hansa-3 and the successful test of the Trishul missile on the same day in 1998.

  9. Pokhran-II took place on

    Asked in: APPSC Gazated Posts 2012

    1. May 9th - 1998
    2. May 10th - 1998
    3. May 11th - 1998
    4. May 12th - 1998
    Show answer

    Answer: C. May 11th - 1998

    Pokhran-II was a series of nuclear tests conducted by India at the Pokhran test range in Rajasthan. This operation was codenamed 'Operation Shakti'.

Nuclear Hardening and Shielding Technologies

  1. Which of the following places does not have Heavy-water plant for atomic energy ?

    Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2013

    1. Kalpakkam
    2. Hazira
    3. Thal
    4. Tuticorin
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Kalpakkam

    India has several heavy water plants located at places like Hazira, Thal, Tuticorin, Manuguru, Kota, Baroda, and Talcher.

  2. Which Indian Prime Minister gave go ahead for the Subterranean Nuclear Explosion Project (SNEP)?

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 2 2019

    1. Jawaharlal Nehru
    2. Lal Bahadur Shastri
    3. Indira Gandhi
    4. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Indira Gandhi

    The first Indian nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha, was conducted on May 18, 1974, at Pokhran, Rajasthan. This project, often referred to as SNEP, was approved during the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

  3. Identify the correct statement(s) among the following :

    Asked in: TSPSC Group 1 Prelims 2024

    1. The Indian Ministry of External Af‐ fairs described the first Pokhran test as a peaceful nuclear explosion.
    2. This nuclear test was code-named ‘Smiling Buddha’. Choose the correct answer : A. A only B. B only
    3. Both A and B
    4. Neither A nor B
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both A and B

    Statement A is correct: India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974 at Pokhran, Rajasthan. The Ministry of External Affairs officially characterized this test as a Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (PNE), emphasizing its non-military intent at the time. Statement B is correct: The code name given to this first nuclear test (Pokhran-I) was 'Smiling Buddha'.

  4. The Nuclear doctrine of India contains

    Asked in: UKPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. No first use
    2. Unilateral moratorium
    3. Minimum Credible deterrence
    4. All the above
    Show answer

    Answer: D. All the above

    India's stated nuclear doctrine includes key principles that define its approach to nuclear weapons.

  5. Consider the following statements : 1. Nuclear power is the fourth largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydro and renewable sources. 2. India is a non-signatory of the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty. 3. India is a member of Nuclear Suppliers Group. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2010

    1. 1, 2 and 3
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 1 only
    4. 2 and 3 only
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1 and 2 only

    Statement 1 is correct. Around 2010, nuclear power was indeed a significant source of electricity in India, often ranked fourth after thermal, hydro, and increasingly, the growing renewable energy sources. Statement 2 is correct. India has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a non- nuclear-weapon state, considering it discriminatory. Statement 3 is incorrect. While India received a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) in 2008 allowing it to engage in global civilian nuclear commerce, India is not a formal member of the NSG. India has sought membership but faced obstacles from some member countries.

  6. Statement I : India used the Minimum Credible Deterrent argument to develop its nuclear weapon system arguing that it had such a threat from China. Pakistan in turn used the same argument against India when it developed its own nuclear weapons. Statement II : The Minimum Credible Deterrent refers to a notion according to which nuclear weapons become necessary for a country when it has a clear nuclear threat.

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2011

    1. Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I
    2. Both the statements are individually true but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I
    3. Statement I is true but statement II is false
    4. Statement I is false but statement II is true
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I

    Minimum Credible Deterrent is a strategic posture where a state possesses just enough nuclear capability to deter an attack, particularly a nuclear attack, by threatening unacceptable retaliation. It emphasizes the 'minimum' requirement to deter, rather than seeking nuclear superiority or parity in numbers.

  7. Q142: First nuclear submarine which has been recently included in Indian Navy is named as -

    Asked in: Asstt. Jailor 2013

    1. INS Vikramaditya
    2. INS Arihant
    3. INS Virat
    4. INS Samundra Durga
    Show answer

    Answer: B. INS Arihant

    This question tests knowledge of India's defense capabilities and naval modernization, specifically the induction of nuclear submarines. It is a significant aspect of a nation's strategic power.

Nuclear Radiation Detection Technologies

  1. With reference to atomic power, which of the following statements is/are correct ?

    Asked in: KPSC KAS Prelims 2015

    1. India conducted its first nuclear deton‐ ation at Pokhran in Rajasthan on 18 May, 1974.
    2. The fuel used in the nuclear reactor is cadmium.
    3. The energy of a thermal neutron is about 0·025 eV. Select the code for the correct answer from the options given below : A. A and C only B. B and C only C. A only
    4. A, B and C
    Show answer

    Answer: A. India conducted its first nuclear deton‐ ation at Pokhran in Rajasthan on 18 May, 1974.

    This question tests basic knowledge about India's nuclear history, nuclear reactor components, and neutron physics.

  2. In which one of the following places is the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research located?

    Asked in: Extension officer (EO) 2019

    1. Thiruvananthapuram
    2. Sriharikota
    3. Kalpakkam
    4. Trombay
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Kalpakkam

    Kalpakkam is a significant site for India's nuclear research and development programs, hosting IG‐ CAR.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for NBC Threats

  1. Which one of the following BDDS equipments is a protection equipment ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2020

    1. Suspect Luggage Containment Vehicle (SLCV)
    2. Stethoscope
    3. Hook and Line Set
    4. Explosive Vapour Detector
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Suspect Luggage Containment Vehicle (SLCV)

    An SLCV is designed to safely transport a suspect explosive device away from a populated area to a disposal site or a safer location. It provides containment in case of accidental detonation during transport, thereby protecting personnel and the surrounding area.

  2. What is the prescribed minimum explosive capacity of a Suspect Luggage Containment Vehicle (SLCV) deployed at the airport ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2020

    1. 1 kg TNT (single use)
    2. 2 kg TNT (single use)
    3. 3 kg TNT (single use)
    4. 3 kg TNT (multiple use)
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 3 kg TNT (single use)

    - SLCVs are specialized vehicles designed to safely contain and transport luggage or parcels suspected of containing explosives. - The capacity is measured in terms of TNT equivalent, indicating the amount of explosive energy the containment structure can withstand. - The specification ensures that the vehicle can mitigate the effects of a potential explosion within the contained item, protecting personnel and airport infrastructure.

  3. HHMD should be kept at what distance away from the passengers?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2021

    1. 1 cm
    2. 2.5 cm
    3. 5 cm
    4. 10 cm
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 2.5 cm

    Maintaining a small, consistent distance is crucial for effective HHMD scanning.

  4. Which one among the following is not a part of Bomb Detection and Disposal Squad (BDDS) equipment?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2024

    1. Telescopic manipulator
    2. Bomb blanket
    3. Deep search metal detector
    4. Smoke bomb
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Smoke bomb

    BDDS equipment typically includes specialized tools for remote handling (like telescopic manipulators), protective gear (like bomb blankets and bomb suits), detection devices (like deep search metal detectors, explosive trace detectors, X-ray machines), and tools for rendering devices safe (like disrupters).

  5. What is 'Rakshita'?

    Asked in: Assistant Programmer 2021

    1. Defence satellite launched by India
    2. An indigenous vaccine under trial
    3. A new app for women protection
    4. Bike ambulance launched by DRDO and CRPF
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Bike ambulance launched by DRDO and CRPF

    This question focuses on recent innovations and initiatives in defense and healthcare, particularly those that aid in emergency response. It requires knowledge of specific projects and their implementing agencies.

  6. Which of the following statements is/are correct? I. Bhabha Kavach developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is the lightest level III plus bulletproof jacket (6.8 kg nominal weight) available in India. II. Bhabha Kavach can withstand bullets from AK-47. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

    Asked in: GS AE PHE 28 2023 1406 2024

    1. I only
    2. II only
    3. Both I and II
    4. Neither I nor II
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both I and II

    The Bhabha Kavach is an indigenously developed body armour that offers high ballistic protection while being relatively lightweight. Its development is a significant achievement in India's defense technology sector.

  7. Ayurveda based biodegradable face mask named 'Pavitrapati' developed by

    Asked in: tfs gk 2021

    1. Defence Research Development Organisation
    2. Indian Space Research Organisation
    3. Defence Institute of Advanced Technology
    4. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Defence Institute of Advanced Technology

    This question relates to advancements in indigenous defence research and development, particularly in the creation of innovative products.

Robotics and Unmanned Systems for NBC Reconnaissance

  1. A Mini Remotely Operated Vehicle (MROV) should be capable of conducting EOD and surveillance inside 1. aircrafts. 2. passenger terminal buildings. 3. buildings and terminals. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2020

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3

    MROVs are versatile tools used in EOD and surveillance across diverse environments, including those found within an airport.

  2. Consider the following statements :

    Asked in: TSPSC Group 1 Prelims 2023

    1. National Technology Day is commem‐ orated on May 11 every year as India suc‐ cessfully conducted nuclear tests in Pokhran.
    2. Agni-III is India's latest long range surface-to-surface nuclear capable ballist‐ ic missile system that was successfully tested in 2018.
    3. Mangalyaan was launched on 5th November, 2013 with the aim of studying the Moon's topography, morphology, mineralogy and atmosphere.
    4. U.R. Rao was the Chairman of the In‐ dian Space Research Organisation when the first-ever Indian satellite Aryabhata was launched. Identify the wrong statements : A. A and D B. B and C C. A, C and D D. A, B and D
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Agni-III is India's latest long range surface-to-surface nuclear capable ballist‐ ic missile system that was successfully tested in 2018.

    - A. National Technology Day is observed on May 11 to commemorate the Pokhran-II nuclear tests conducted on May 11, 1998. This statement is correct. - B. Agni-III is an intermediate-range ballistic missile, not India's "latest long range" missile system (Agni-V is longer range and Agni-P is a newer variant). While user trials occurred in 2018, the statement's phrasing makes it inaccurate. This statement is wrong. - C. Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission - MOM) was launched on November 5, 2013, with the primary objective of studying Mars, not the Moon. This statement is wrong. - D. U.R. Rao was a pivotal figure in ISRO and headed ISAC during the Aryabhata project, but Satish Dhawan was the Chairman of ISRO when Aryabhata was launched in 1975. This statement is wrong.The wrong statements are B, C, and D. However, option B only lists B and C. Given the constraint of choosing from the options, and that B and