Fundamental Duties is part of Indian Polity and Governance. Below are notes on 10 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.

Article 51A: The original ten Fundamental Duties

  • Contained in Part IV-A, Article 51A of the Constitution.
  • Introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
  • Recommended by the Swaran Singh Committee.
  • Initially comprised ten duties. The 11th duty was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
  • Inspired by the Constitution of the erstwhile USSR.
  • Non-justiciable (not legally enforceable).
  • The original ten Fundamental Duties (Article 51A): (a) To abide by the Constitution and 1. respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem. (b) To cherish and follow the noble 2. ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom. (c) To uphold and protect the sover3. eignty, unity and integrity of India. (d) To defend the country and render 4. national service when called upon to do so. (e) To promote harmony and the spirit 5. of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. (f) To value and preserve the rich 6. heritage of our composite culture. (g) To protect and improve the natural 7. environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures. (h) To develop the scientific temper, 8. humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform. (i) To safeguard public property and to 9. abjure violence. (j) To strive towards excellence in all 10. spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
  • The eleventh Fundamental Duty (added by 86th Amendment Act, 2002): (k) To provide opportunities for educa1. tion by a parent or guardian to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.
  • Not Fundamental Duties (Commonly confused/distractor items):
    • Paying taxes.
    • Casting vote in elections.
    • Promoting international peace and security (DPSP, Article 51).
    • Protecting monuments and places of national importance (DPSP, Article 49).
    • Providing legal aid (DPSP, Article 39A).
    • Providing early childhood care and education for children below six years (DPSP, Article 45).
    • Promoting village and cottage industries (DPSP, Article 43).
    • Providing primary healthcare.
    • Believing in socialism, secularism, and democracy.
    • Protecting weaker sections from social injustice.
    • Respecting parents and teachers.
    • Rendering compulsory military service (as opposed to "render national service when called upon").
    • Abolition of untouchability (Fundamental Right, Article 17).
    • Organizing agriculture and animal husbandry (DPSP, Article 48).

Inclusion through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976

  • Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
  • This inclusion was based on the recommendations of the Swarn Singh Committee.
  • Fundamental Duties were not part of the original Constitution at the time of its framing or adoption on January 26, 1950.
  • They are listed under Part IV-A of the Constitution.
  • The specific article dealing with Fundamental Duties is Article 51-A.
  • The 42nd Amendment Act added 10 Fundamental Duties for citizens.
  • Examples of these duties include: "to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture" (Article 51A(f)) and "to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform" (Article 51A(h)).
  • The 42nd Amendment also inserted certain Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs), such as Article 39A (equal justice and free legal aid) and Article 48A (protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife).
  • The promotion of voluntary formation of cooperative societies (Article 43B) was added by the 97th Amendment Act, not the 42nd.

Judicial pronouncements and their role in understanding Fundamental Duties

  • Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A, Article 51A) are non-justiciable, meaning courts cannot directly enforce them via writs.
  • However, the Judiciary acts as the guardian of Fundamental Duties by interpreting their scope, intent, and role within the constitutional framework.
  • Courts use Fundamental Duties for:
    • Interpreting laws: To determine the constitutionality and reasonableness of laws, especially those restricting Fundamental Rights.
    • Upholding constitutionality: To validate laws enacted by the legislature to give effect to Fundamental Duties.
    • Promoting constitutional values: Guiding the State and citizens towards national goals like environmental protection, national integrity, etc.
  • MC Mehta v. Union of India (1987): Supreme Court, referring to Article 51A(g) (duty to protect environment), directed the Central Government to introduce environmental education in all educational institutions.
  • AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS (2001): Supreme Court observed that Fundamental Duties, though not enforceable by writ, serve as a valuable guide to interpret constitutional and legal provisions.
  • The Judiciary ensures that the spirit of Fundamental Duties is upheld, influencing legislative actions and citizen conduct, thereby serving as their ultimate interpreter and moral guardian.
  • Fundamental Duties (FDs) are non-justiciable and not directly enforceable by courts.
  • However, Parliament can enforce FDs through appropriate legislation.
  • The Verma Committee Report (1999) identified existing legal provisions for the enforcement of some Fundamental Duties.
  • Key legal provisions and statutory backing for enforcement:
    • Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971: Enforces duty to respect the National Flag, National Anthem, and Constitution (FD 51A(a)).
    • The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955: Prohibits practices like untouchability, promoting harmony (related to FD 51A(e) & (f)).
    • The Indian Penal Code (IPC): Contains provisions for offences promoting enmity between different groups (FD 51A(e)), assertions prejudicial to national integration (FD 51A(c)), and destruction of public property (FD 51A(i)).
    • The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967: Aims to prevent activities that threaten the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India (related to FD 51A(c) & (i)).
    • The Representation of Peoples Act, 1951: Provides for disqualification of members of Parliament or state legislatures for indulging in corrupt practices related to promoting enmity or disrespecting national symbols.
    • The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Provides for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants (FD 51A(g)).
    • The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980: Provides for the conservation of forests (FD 51A(g)).
  • A legislative process has been provided and utilized to enforce specific aspects of these duties.
  • Through such legislation, certain Fundamental Duties are made correlative to legal duties, meaning their breach can attract legal penalties.

Nature and distinctive features of Fundamental Duties (e.g., non-justiciability)

  • Fundamental Duties (FDs) were not part of the original Constitution.
  • Added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, to Part IV-A (Article 51A).
  • Introduced based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
  • Applicable only to Indian citizens, not to foreigners.
  • Nature: Serve as a reminder to citizens of their moral and civic obligations towards the nation.
  • Non-justiciable: Not directly enforceable by courts through writs or other legal remedies. No direct provision for judicial enforcement or penalties for their violation in the Constitution.
  • Parliamentary Enforcement: Parliament can provide for the enforcement of FDs through suitable legislation and may impose penalties for non-compliance.
  • Judicial Interpretation: Courts can use FDs in determining the constitutionality of laws; laws aiming to implement FDs can be considered reasonable. They can also aid in interpreting statutes.
  • Originally 10 duties; the 11th FD (providing education to children between 6-14 years) was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
  • Specific FDs include: developing scientific temper, humanism, spirit of inquiry and reform; safeguarding public property and abjuring violence.
  • Paying taxes is NOT a Fundamental Duty (was a recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee but not included).

Origin and historical background (Swaran Singh Committee)

  • Fundamental Duties (FDs) were incorporated into the Indian Constitution based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
  • The Swaran Singh Committee was constituted in 1976.
  • The recommendations of this committee led to the insertion of FDs by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
  • The concept of Fundamental Duties was inspired by the Constitution of erstwhile USSR (Russia).
  • Notable members of the Swaran Singh Committee (1976) included A. R. Antulay, S. S. Ray, and C. M. Stephen.

Relationship between Fundamental Duties, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles of State Policy

  • Fundamental Rights (FRs), Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs), and Fundamental Duties (FDs) are distinct but interconnected parts of the Indian Constitution, aiming for a just and democratic society.
  • Relationship between Rights and Duties: Rights and Duties are correlative and interdependent; one cannot exist without the other. Enjoyment of rights implies the fulfillment of duties. Fulfilling duties is essential for national progress and societal stability.
  • Fundamental Rights (FRs): Enshrined in Part III (Arts. 12-35), justiciable, negative obligations on the State, ensuring individual liberties against state encroachment.
  • Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs): Enshrined in Part IV (Arts. 36-51), non-justiciable, positive obligations/guidelines for the State, aiming to establish a welfare state.
  • Fundamental Duties (FDs): Enshrined in Part IVA (Art. 51A), non-justiciable, moral obligations for citizens, intended to promote civic responsibility and national spirit.
  • FDs were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
  • Originally, there were 10 FDs. The 11th FD (regarding education for children) was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
  • Judicial Interpretation: Courts often use FDs and DPSPs to uphold the constitutional validity of laws restricting FRs if such laws aim to implement a DPSP or fulfill an FD.
  • FDs provide a framework for interpreting FRs, ensuring that the exercise of rights is balanced with a sense of duty towards the nation and fellow citizens.
  • While FRs are paramount, FDs reinforce the idea that citizens have obligations towards the nation, facilitating the realization of DPSP goals by encouraging responsible citizen participation.

Significance and utility of Fundamental Duties for citizens and the nation

  • Fundamental Duties (FDs) serve as a constant reminder to citizens that while enjoying rights, they also have responsibilities towards the nation.
  • FDs instill a sense of discipline and commitment among citizens, promoting a spirit of patriotism and national unity.
  • The addition of FDs was partly motivated to check anti-national, subversive, and unconstitutional agitations by making citizens aware of their duties.
  • FDs help strengthen democracy by emphasizing that rights and duties are correlative.
  • They serve as a source of inspiration for citizens to strive for excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
  • FDs help courts in interpreting laws, considering them in relation to public interest litigation or when assessing the reasonableness of restrictions on Fundamental Rights.
  • Parliament can enforce FDs through suitable legislation; several laws already exist to implement them (e.g., prevention of insult to national symbols, protection of wildlife, etc.).
  • Though non-justiciable, FDs are a constitutional code of conduct, guiding citizens towards ideal behavior for national progress.

The eleventh Fundamental Duty (86th Amendment Act, 2002)

  • The 11th Fundamental Duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.
  • It states: "To provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years."
  • This duty is listed as Article 51A(k) in the Constitution.
  • With its addition, the total number of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution became 11.
  • Previously, 10 Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.

Verma Committee Report (1999) on operationalisation of Fundamental Duties

  • The Verma Committee on Fundamental Duties of the Citizens was constituted in 1999.
  • Justice J.S. Verma served as the Chairman of this Committee.
  • The Committee's mandate was to suggest measures for the operationalisation of Fundamental Duties.
  • The Verma Committee identified the existence of various legal provisions already in force that cater to the implementation of some Fundamental Duties.
  • Examples of such existing legal provisions include: The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971; the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955; the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for promoting harmony; the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; and the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
  • Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, based on the recommendations of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee.
  • Fundamental Duties are applicable exclusively to citizens of India and do not extend to foreigners.
  • The Swaran Singh Committee had recommended that Parliament might provide for penalties or punishment for non-compliance with any of the Fundamental Duties, but this recommendation was not adopted in the Constitution.
  • Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable and cannot be enforced directly by courts.
  • The Supreme Court has, however, held that Fundamental Duties can be used by courts to interpret ambiguous statutes and to determine the constitutionality or reasonableness of restrictions on Fundamental Rights.

18. The President

Practice MCQs: Fundamental Duties

Article 51A: The original ten Fundamental Duties

  1. Which of the following are among the Fundamental Duties of citizens laid down in the Indian Constitution ? I. To protect the weaker sections from social injustice. II. To develop scientific temper and spirit of inquiry. III. To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. IV. To safeguard public property and adjure violence. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2023

    1. II and III only
    2. I and III only
    3. II, III and IV
    4. All of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. II, III and IV

    The Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Article 51A of Part IVA of the Indian Constitution. Let's examine each statement based on Article 51A: I. To protect the weaker sections from social injustice. This is a Directive Principle of State Policy (Article 46), not a Fundamental Duty. II. To develop scientific temper and spirit of inquiry. This is explicitly listed as a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(h). III. To preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. This is explicitly listed as a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(f). IV. To safeguard public property and adjure violence. This is explicitly listed as a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(i). Therefore, statements II, III, and IV are correct Fundamental Duties.

  2. 1 3. Which one of the following is not included as the Fundamental Duty of the Indian Citizen?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2001

    1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions
    2. To uphold and protect the sovereignity and integrity of India
    3. To develop romper temper
    4. To defend the Country and render national service when called upon to do so
    Show answer

    Answer: C. To develop romper temper

    The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. They are moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India.

  3. In Part-IVA of the Constitution of India, which one of the following is not mentioned as a duty of every citizen of India ?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2022

    1. To render national service when called upon to do so
    2. To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
    3. To value and preserve a unitary national cul‐ ture
    4. To develop the spirit of inquiry and reform
    Show answer

    Answer: C. To value and preserve a unitary national cul‐ ture

    Part IVA of the Indian Constitution, introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, lists the Fundamental Duties in Article 51A. The duty listed in Article 51A(f) is "to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture". The phrase "unitary national culture" is not used; instead, the emphasis is on "composite culture," reflecting India's diversity.

  4. According to the provisions of the Constitution of India, which one of the following is not a fundamental duty?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2016

    1. To respect the National Flag
    2. To defend the country
    3. To provide education to one's child
    4. To promote village and cottage industries
    Show answer

    Answer: D. To promote village and cottage industries

    Article 51A of the Constitution lists the Fundamental Duties. While respecting the National Flag (a), defending the country (d), and providing education to one's child (k) are explicitly mentioned as fundamental duties, promoting village and cottage industries is listed as a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 43.

  5. Which one of the following is not enumerated in the Constitution of India as a fundamental duty of citizens of India ?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2019

    1. To safeguard public property
    2. To protect and improve the natural environ‐ ment
    3. To develop the scientific temper and spirit of inquiry
    4. To promote international peace and security
    Show answer

    Answer: D. To promote international peace and security

    Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. There are currently eleven Fundamental Duties.

  6. Which of the following statements is part of fundamental duties enshrined in the Indian Constitution? 1. To promote religious, regional and linguistic harmony and spirit of common brotherhood. 2. To educate children between the age of 6 and 14. 3. To promote secular principles.

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2021

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 1 and 2 only

    Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. Article 51A initially had ten duties; the eleventh duty (regarding education of children) was added later.

  7. Which one of the following is not a Fundamental Duty?

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2023 · UPSC NDA 1 2015

    1. To protect the Sovereignty
    2. To respect the National Flag
    3. To abide by the Government
    4. To safeguard public property
    Show answer

    Answer: C. To abide by the Government

    The Fundamental Duties are listed in Article 51A. They include abiding by the Constitution and respecting its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem (a); upholding and protecting the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India (c); and safeguarding public property and to abjure violence (i). There is no duty specified as simply "to abide by the Government". Citizens are expected to abide by the laws made by the government and the Constitution, but "to abide by the Government" is not the specific phrasing of a Fundamental Duty.

  8. Statements for “Fundamental Duties” are mentioned below. Evaluate the same a. 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution. 86th Amendment Act 2002 later added 11th Fundamental Duty to the list. b. Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties, the necessity of which was felt during the internal emergency of 1975-77. c. The Fundamental Duties are dealt with Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution. d. Fundamental Duties are categorized into two – (i) Moral Duty: cherishing noble ideals of freedom struggle (ii) Civic Duty: respecting the Constitution, National Flag and National Anthem.

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2023

    1. a, b and c are correct
    2. b, c and d are correct
    3. a, c, and d are correct
    4. all are correct
    Show answer

    Answer: D. all are correct

    - Statement 'a' is correct: The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 added the 11th Fundamental Duty concerning the education of children. - Statement 'b' is correct: The Swaran Singh Committee was constituted in 1976 to make recommendations on constitutional amendments, and it recommended the inclusion of a chapter on Fundamental Duties, feeling their necessity during the period of internal emergency (1975-1977). - Statement 'c' is correct: Fundamental Duties are enumerated in Article 51A under Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution. - Statement 'd' is correct: Fundamental Duties are often broadly categorized into Moral Duties (e.g., cherishing noble ideals of the freedom struggle) and Civic Duties (e.g., respecting the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem) for ease of understanding their nature.

  9. Consider the following statements: 1. A parents or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six to fourteen years. 2. To provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years. 3. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures. 4. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence. 5. To provide primary healthcare to the persons below poverty line. Which of the statements above is/are related to fundamental duties?

    Asked in: HAS Prelims 2022

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 1, 3 and 4 only
    3. 1, 4 and 5 only
    4. 1, 3 and 5 only
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1, 3 and 4 only

    - Article 51A lists the Fundamental Duties. - Fundamental Duties cover obligations towards the nation, environment, public property, humanism, etc. - Providing education for children (6-14) is a Fundamental Duty of parents/guardians. - Early childhood care and education (below 6) is a DPSP. - Healthcare provision is primarily a DPSP/state responsibility, not a Fundamental Duty.

  10. The word 'To Abide and Respect' used under the Provisions of Article 51 A of the Constitution of India is concerned to

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. Constitution
    2. The sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
    3. Rich heritage of our composite culture
    4. The natural environment
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Constitution

    Article 51A lists the Fundamental Duties of every citizen of India. Clause (a) of Article 51A states that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India "to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem".

  11. Which one of the following is not mentioned in the Constitution of India as a fundamental duty ?

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2013

    1. To develop the scientific temper.
    2. To safeguard public property.
    3. To cast vote in the election.
    4. To respect the Constitution and its ideals.
    Show answer

    Answer: C. To cast vote in the election.

    Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution of India by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. They are listed in Part IVA (Article 51A) of the Constitution. Let's check the options against the list of Fundamental Duties (Article 51A): (a) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform - This is 51A(h). (b) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence - This is 51A(i). (c) To cast vote in the election - This is not listed as a Fundamental Duty in Article 51A. While voting is a crucial responsibility in a democratic system and a legal right, it is not constitutionally mandated as a fundamental duty. (d) To respect the Constitution and its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem - This is 51A(a).

Inclusion through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976

  1. Fundamental Duties were appended to the Constitution of India by the 42nd Amendment on the recommendation of

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2013

    1. Swarn Singh Committee
    2. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Committee
    3. K. C. pant Committee
    4. C. D. Deshmukh Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Swarn Singh Committee

    Part IVA (Article 51A) containing Fundamental Duties was inserted into the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.

  2. Through which one of the following amendment acts were Fundamental Duties introduced to the Constitution of India?

    Asked in: UPSC Geoscientist 2022

    1. The 44th Amendment Act
    2. The 42nd Amendment Act
    3. The 43rd Amendment Act
    4. The 25th Amendment Act
    Show answer

    Answer: B. The 42nd Amendment Act

    This amendment added a new Part IVA to the Constitution, consisting of Article 51A, which originally listed ten Fundamental Duties for citizens. The 42nd Amendment Act is also known as the 'Mini Constitution' due to the significant and extensive changes it made to the Constitution.

  3. When were the Fundamental Duties mentioned in the Constitution?

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2017

    1. At the time of framing of Constitution
    2. On 26th January, 1950
    3. In the 42nd Constitutional Amendment
    4. In the 41st Constitutional Amendment
    Show answer

    Answer: C. In the 42nd Constitutional Amendment

    Fundamental Duties were not part of the original Constitution of India adopted in 1950. They were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. A new Part IVA was inserted, containing Article 51A, which lists ten Fundamental Duties.

  4. When were the Fundamental Duties incorporated in the Constitution ?

    Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 2016

    1. In 1975
    2. In 1976
    3. In 1978
    4. In 1979
    Show answer

    Answer: B. In 1976

    - The Fundamental Duties were not part of the original Constitution of India adopted in 1950. - They were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. - This amendment was enacted during the period of the National Emergency. - The inclusion was based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. - The 42nd Amendment added Part IV-A and Article 51A, which initially listed ten Fundamental Duties. A eleventh duty was added later by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.

  5. Consider the following statements about the Indian Constitution : 1. In addition to the structure of the Government, it has also concerned itself with some aspects of a desirable civil society and economy. 2. Through amendments in the year 1976, it has also outlined the fundamental duties of citizens along with their rights. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2012

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both 1 and 2

    - Part III (Fundamental Rights) and Part IV (DPSP) relate to aspects of civil society and economy. - Part IVA (Fundamental Duties) was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. - The Constitution provides a framework for governance as well as societal goals.

  6. Which of the following is not inserted in Constitution of India by the 42nd amendment?

    Asked in: Sr. Teacher (Sanskrit Edu.) Comp. Exam 2022

    1. (1) It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
    2. (2) The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.
    3. (3) The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation of co-operative societies.
    4. (4) The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity.
    Show answer

    Answer: C. (3) The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation of co-operative societies.

    a-2022 The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, was a landmark amendment that brought about significant changes to the Constitution, including the Preamble, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties. It is crucial to distinguish which provisions were added by this amendment and which were added later.

  7. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding Fundamental duties, mentioned in the Constitution of India ? - (1) Fundamental duties were inserted in Constitution of India by Forty-second Constitution Amendment Act. - (2) Fundamental duties are mentioned in Constitution of India under Article 51-A. - (3) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform is a fundamental duty of every citizen of India. - (4) Fundamental duties are mentioned for citizen of India under Part IV.

    Asked in: Sr. Teacher Gr II (Sanskrit Edu.) Exam 2018 3 2018 · Sr. Teacher Gr II (Sanskrit Edu.) Exam 2018 4 2018

    1. (1) and (4)
    2. (2) and (3)
    3. (1) and (2)
    4. (3) and (4)
    Show answer

    Answer: A. (1) and (4)

    This question concerns Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution. It highlights the importance of knowing: The constitutional amendment through which Fundamental Duties were introduced (44th Amendment Act). The specific Article under which they are listed (Article 51-A). The content of specific Fundamental Duties. The Part of the Constitution where they are located (Part IV).

  8. Which Amendment added Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India ?

    Asked in: Civil Judge (Junior Division) Exam 2011

    1. 42nd Amendment
    2. 44th Amendment
    3. 47th Amendment
    4. 49th Amendment
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 42nd Amendment

    Fundamental Duties were not part of the original Constitution of India. They were added later on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee, which suggested that citizens should be made aware of their responsibilities towards the nation. The 42nd Amendment is a landmark amendment that introduced significant changes to the Constitution, including the addition of Fundamental Duties.

  9. Part IV A consisting of Article 51-A was added in the Constitution by

    Asked in: Paper I 5

    1. Seventeenth Amendment Act
    2. Forty fourth Constitution Amendment Act
    3. Forty second Amendment Act
    4. Fourth Constitution Amendment
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Forty second Amendment Act

    Part IV-A of the Constitution of India, which contains Article 51-A (Fundamental Duties), was added by the Forty-second Amendment Act of

  10. This amendment significantly altered the Constitution and introduced many new provisions. 77. Under which Constitutional Amendment Act, fundamental duties were inserted in Constitution of India ?

    Asked in: RO ARO 2024

    1. 42nd
    2. 44th
    3. 52nd
    4. 74th
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 42nd

    The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 is responsible for the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution.

  11. By which of the following Constitutional Amendment, the fundamental duties (Part IV- A) were added in the Indian Constitution ?

    Asked in: State Engineering Service Examination 2021

    1. 42nd Amendment
    2. 44th Amendment
    3. 73rd Amendment
    4. 74th Amendment
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 42nd Amendment

    The Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Indian Constitution through the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.

  1. Which of the following are legal provisions for the implementation of the Fundamental Duties? 1. The Protection of Civil Rights Act. 2. The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. 3. The Representation of Peoples Act. 4. The Wildlife (Protection) Act Select the correct answer code:

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024

    1. 1, 2, 3
    2. 1, 2, 4
    3. 1, 2
    4. 1, 2, 3, 4
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1, 2, 3, 4

    While Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) are not directly enforceable in courts, Parliament has enacted various laws to give effect to some of them or to provide for punishment for their contravention. 1. The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, addresses untouchability, which aligns with the duty to promote harmony (FD 51A(e)). 2. The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, deals with activities detrimental to the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India (FD 51A(c)). 3. The Representation of the People Act, 1951, provides for disqualification for candidates or members of Parliament and state legislatures on grounds of indulging in corrupt practices or electoral offences, including those that might violate the spirit of fundamental duties (e.g., promoting enmity between different groups). 4. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, help in fulfilling the duty to protect and improve the natural environment and have compassion for living creatures (FD 51A(g)). Therefore, all four listed Acts can be considered legal provisions related to the implementation or enforcement of certain Fundamental Duties.

  2. Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen ? A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties. They are correlative to legal duties. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2017

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Neither 1 nor 2

    - Statement 1 is incorrect. The Fundamental Duties, as listed in Article 51A of the Constitution, are not directly enforceable by a legislative process. While the state can enact laws to give effect to certain duties (e.g., environmental protection), there is no general provision in the Constitution for their direct enforcement through a legislative process against individuals. - Statement 2 is incorrect. Fundamental Duties are moral and civic obligations and are not correlative to legal duties. A legal duty implies a corresponding legal right, which is not the case with Fundamental Duties. For instance, the duty to develop scientific temper does not create a legal right for someone else. They are non-justiciable in the sense that a person cannot be dragged to court for not performing a Fundamental Duty, unless specifically mandated by a corresponding law.

Nature and distinctive features of Fundamental Duties (e.g., non-justiciability)

  1. Consider the following statements: The Fundamental Duties: (i) Are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens (ii) Are not enforceable through courts. (iii) Are added to the Constitution through 44th Amendment of Constitution. (iv) The Eleventh Fundamental Duty was added to Part IV-A of Constitution by 42nd Amendment. Which of the above statement/s is / are correct ?

    Asked in: OPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. (i) and (iii)
    2. (ii) and (iv)
    3. (iii) and (iv)
    4. (i) and (iv)
    Show answer

    Answer: D. (i) and (iv)

    - Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976). - They are moral/civic obligations and are non-justiciable. - The 11th Fundamental Duty was added by the 86th Amendment (2002).

  2. Which of the following statements regarding the fundamental duties contained in the Constitution of India are correct? I. Fundamental Duties have formed apart of the Constitution of India since its adoption II. Fundamental Duties are applicable only to the Citizen of India III. Fundamental Duties have become a part of the Constitution of India in accordance with the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee IV. Fundamental duties can be enforced through writ jurisdiction

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2019

    1. I, II and III correct
    2. I, II and IV correct
    3. II, III correct
    4. III and IV correct
    Show answer

    Answer: C. II, III correct

    Fundamental Duties were added to Part IVA of the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. There are currently 11 fundamental duties listed in Article 51A. They are non-justiciable in the same way Fundamental Rights are.

  3. Consider the following statements on Fundamental Duties : 1. Parliament cannot enforce it by a legislation 2. It is applicable only to Indian citizens 3. All Fundamental duties are either moral or civil duties 4. Paying taxes is a fundamental duty Which of the above statements are true?

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. 2, 3 and 1 are correct
    2. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
    3. 2 and 3 are correct
    4. 1, 3 and 4 are correct
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 2 and 3 are correct

    Statement 1: Parliament can enforce some Fundamental Duties through legislation (e.g., laws protecting the environment, national symbols). Thus, this statement is incorrect. Statement 2: Fundamental Duties are listed in Part IVA of the Constitution and are explicitly applicable only to citizens of India. This statement is correct. Statement 3: The Fundamental Duties encompass various obligations that can be broadly classified as moral duties (e.g., cherishing ideals) or civil duties (e.g., respecting the Constitution, protecting public property). This statement is generally considered correct. Statement 4: Paying taxes is a legal duty imposed by tax laws, not one of the Fundamental Duties listed in Article 51A. Thus, this statement is incorrect.

  4. Which of the following statements regarding the Fundamental Duties as contained in the Constitution of India is/are correct ? 1. They can be enforced through writ jurisdiction. 2. They have formed a part of the Constitution since its adoption. 3. They are applicable only to citizens of India. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2011

    1. 1, 2 and 3
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 3 only
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 3 only

    The question examines the nature and applicability of Fundamental Duties as listed in Article 51A of the Constitution of India. Key aspects tested are their enforceability, origin, and who they apply to.

  5. In relation to the fundamental duties enshrined in the Constitution of India, which one of the following is NOT correct ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2020

    1. The fundamental duties were not originally a part of the Constitu-tion
    2. To safeguard public property and abjure violence are fundamental duties
    3. They are not enforceable through writs
    4. They may not be used for deter-mining consti‐ tutionality of laws
    Show answer

    Answer: D. They may not be used for deter-mining consti‐ tutionality of laws

    - Option A is correct: Fundamental duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. They were not part of the original Constitution. - Option B is correct: Article 51A(i) lists "to safeguard public property and to abjure violence" as one of the fundamental duties. - Option C is correct: Fundamental duties are not directly enforceable by courts through writs like Fundamental Rights are. - Option D is incorrect: The Supreme Court has held that courts can refer to fundamental duties while testing the constitutionality of a law. If a law seeks to implement a fundamental duty, it can be considered reasonable and thus constitutional.

  6. Consider the following statements regarding the Fundamental duties of an Indian citizen: 1. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry and reform. 2. To provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between age of 6 and 14 years 3. The fundamental duties are enforceable through judicial remedies by court. Choose the correct statement(s).

    Asked in: FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS OFFICER TREASURY OFFICER 2016

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1 only

    Fundamental Duties are listed in Article 51A of the Constitution. They are non-justiciable. Directive Principles of State Policy are also non-justiciable but are guidelines for the state to govern.

Origin and historical background (Swaran Singh Committee)

  1. The Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Constitution of India on the basis of the recommendation of

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2011

    1. S.V. Singh Committee
    2. Swaran Singh Committee
    3. C. Hanumantha Rao Committee
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Swaran Singh Committee

    The Swaran Singh Committee recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties.

  2. Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Constitution on the recommendation of

    Asked in: PPSC CS Prelims 2015 · RPSC RAS Prelims 2021

    1. Shah Commission
    2. Administrative Reforms Commission
    3. Santhanam Committee
    4. Swaran Singh Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Swaran Singh Committee

    The Fundamental Duties were incorporated into the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. This amendment added a new Part IV-A, consisting of Article 51A, which lists the ten Fundamental Duties. An eleventh duty was added later by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.

  3. Which of the following were members of the Swaran Singh Committee (1976) ? (A) A. R. Antulay (B) S. S. Ray (C) Haridev Joshi (D) C. M. Stephen Select the correct answer using code given below : Codes :

    Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 2018

    1. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
    2. (A), (B) and (C)
    3. (A), (B) and (D)
    4. (B), (C) and (D)
    Show answer

    Answer: C. (A), (B) and (D)

    The recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee formed the basis for the controversial 42nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1976, often referred to as the 'Mini Constitution'.

  4. The Swaran Singh Committee recommended the insertion of which one of the following provisions into the Constitution of India?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2022

    1. Doctrine of Pleasure
    2. Fundamental Duties
    3. Nomination of Anglo-Indian Members to the Lok Sabha
    4. Impeachment of the President of India
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Fundamental Duties

    - The Swaran Singh Committee was constituted by the Indian government in 1976 to study the question of amending the Constitution during the National Emergency. - Among its key recommendations was the inclusion of a chapter on Fundamental Duties of citizens in the Constitution. - Based on its recommendations, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, added Part IVA to the Constitution, which comprises Article 51A listing the Fundamental Duties.

  5. Which one of the following Committees has recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution under the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2018

    1. Jagjivan Ram Committee
    2. Swaran Singh Committee
    3. V.V. Giri Committee
    4. B.D. Jatti Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Swaran Singh Committee

    Based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added a new Part IVA to the Constitution, comprising Article 51A, which enumerated a list of ten Fundamental Duties.

  6. Fundamental Duties were included in the Constitution of India on the recommendation of

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2012

    1. Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
    2. Iyenger Committee
    3. Swaran Singh Committee
    4. Thakkar Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Swaran Singh Committee

    - The Swaran Singh Committee was constituted in 1976 to make recommendations on fundamental duties. - The committee recommended the inclusion of a chapter on Fundamental Duties in the Constitution. - The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, added Part IV-A and Article 51A to the Constitution, listing ten Fundamental Duties. A eleventh duty was added later by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.

  7. Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution on the recommendations of

    Asked in: APPSC Group II Mains paper 1 2025

    1. Swaran Singh Committee
    2. Justice Varma Committee
    3. Ram Nandan Committee
    4. J. B. Kriplani Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Swaran Singh Committee

    The Swaran Singh Committee recommended the inclusion of a separate chapter on Fundamental Duties in the Constitution. These duties were intended to remind citizens of their obligations towards the nation, society, and fellow citizens.

  8. It is believed that Fundamental Duties have been introduced in the Constitution upon recommendation by this Committee :

    Asked in: APPSC Group II Prelims 2016

    1. Swaran Singh Committee
    2. Narasimha Rao Committee
    3. Chavan Committee
    4. Buta Singh Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Swaran Singh Committee

    The Swaran Singh Committee recommended the inclusion of a list of fundamental duties, recognizing that citizens have responsibilities towards the nation in return for their rights.

  9. The Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India were adopted from

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 5 2022

    1. American Constitution
    2. Russian Constitution
    3. Canadian Constitution
    4. French Constitution
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Russian Constitution

    - Fundamental Duties were not part of the original Constitution. - They were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. - Part IVA was added to the Constitution, containing Article 51A, which lists the ten fundamental duties. - A eleventh duty was added later by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.

  10. Which of the following committees suggested incorporating Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 5 2023

    1. Swaran Singh Committee
    2. Narasimhan Committee
    3. Raghavan Committee
    4. Malhotra Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Swaran Singh Committee

    The recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee led to the inclusion of Part IVA and Article 51A in the Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, which added 10 Fundamental Duties.

  11. Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Constitution on the recommendation of : - (c)Santha nam Committee

    Asked in: ukpsc 2025 2025

    1. Shah Commission
    2. Administrative Reforms Commission
    3. Santhanam Committee
    4. Swaran Singh Committee
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Swaran Singh Committee

    The Swaran Singh Committee recommended the incorporation of Fundamental Duties into the Indian Constitution.

Relationship between Fundamental Duties, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles of State Policy

  1. In the context of India, which one of the following is the correct relationship between Rights and Duties ?

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2017

    1. Rights are correlative with Duties
    2. Rights are personal and hence independent of society and Duties
    3. Rights, not Duties, are important for the advancement of the personality of the citizen
    4. Duties, not Rights, are important for the stability of the State
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Rights are correlative with Duties

    In the context of India and generally in civic philosophy, rights and duties are considered to be interconnected and mutually dependent. My right to liberty, for example, implies a duty on others not to unlawfully restrain me, and also arguably a duty on me to respect the liberty of others. While Fundamental Rights are legally enforceable and Fundamental Duties are not, the Constitution aims to strike a balance between individual freedoms and social responsibilities. The idea that rights are correlative with duties emphasizes that the enjoyment of rights comes with the obligation to perform certain duties towards society and the state.

  2. Which one of the following is incorrect ?

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2009

    1. Fundamental Duties arc the part of the Fundamental Rights.
    2. Fundamental Duties are not a part of Fundamental Rights.
    3. Fundamental Duties are enumerated in the Part -IV A of Indian Constitution.
    4. Article 51 A explains 10 duties of every citizen of India.
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Fundamental Duties arc the part of the Fundamental Rights.

    Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12-35), while Fundamental Duties are listed in Part IVA (Article 51A). They are distinct parts of the Constitution and represent different categories of rights and obligations. Fundamental Rights are justiciable, while Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable.

Significance and utility of Fundamental Duties for citizens and the nation

  1. The fundamental duties were added to the constitution

    Asked in: FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS OFFICER(LDCE) 2017

    1. To make the fundamental rights more effective
    2. To check anti-national, subversive and uncon‐ stitutional agitations
    3. To accord priority to Directive Principles over Fundamental Rights
    4. To achieve all the above objectives
    Show answer

    Answer: D. To achieve all the above objectives

    Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution to enhance the effectiveness of Fundamental Rights, check unconstitutional activities, and indirectly support the spirit of Directive Principles.

The eleventh Fundamental Duty (86th Amendment Act, 2002)

  1. Which one of the following was added as a fundamental duty through the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2020

    1. To strive towards excellence in individual and collective activity
    2. To provide opportunities for education to one's child between the age of 6 and 14 years
    3. To work for the welfare of women and chil‐ dren
    4. To promote peace and harmony
    Show answer

    Answer: B. To provide opportunities for education to one's child between the age of 6 and 14 years

    The Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002 introduced several changes related to education. It inserted Article 21A, making the right to education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6 to 14 years. It also amended Article 45 (Directive Principles of State Policy) and added a new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A. The new fundamental duty added as clause (k) under Article 51A is: "who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years." This directly corresponds to option B.

  2. Identify the fundamental duty that was added in 2002 by the 86th Amendment Act.

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. Respect National Flag
    2. Defend our country
    3. Develop Scientific Temper
    4. To provide opportunities for education to children between the age of 6-14 years
    Show answer

    Answer: D. To provide opportunities for education to children between the age of 6-14 years

    The 86th Amendment Act, 2002 added a new Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k), which mandates that it is the duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

  3. Which one of the following is *not* a Fundamental Duty of the Indian citizens ?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2020

    1. To respect the National flag and the National anthem
    2. To defend the country
    3. To safeguard all property
    4. To provide opportunities for education to one's own child between the age of six and fourteen years
    Show answer

    Answer: C. To safeguard all property

    - Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Part IVA of the Constitution under Article 51A. - Option A is a Fundamental Duty (51A(a)). - Option B is a Fundamental Duty (51A(d)). - Option D is a Fundamental Duty (51A(k), added by 86th Amendment). - Option C is incorrect because it refers to safeguarding "all property" instead of specifically "public property".

  4. How many Fundamental Duties are in the Indian Constitution?

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2014

    1. Nine
    2. Eleven
    3. Twelve
    4. Twenty
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Eleven

    Fundamental Duties are listed in Part IVA of the Constitution under Article 51A.

  5. Article 51-A deals with Fundamental Duties. Currently how many Fundamental Duties are mentioned ?

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2023

    1. 10
    2. 11
    3. 12
    4. 15
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 11

    Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. This amendment added Part IV-A and Article 51A, listing 10 duties. The 11th Fundamental Duty was added later by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.

  6. The 11th Fundamental Duty was added by which Constitutional Amendment Act ?

    Asked in: APPSC Group II Mains paper 1 2025

    1. 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001
    2. 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002
    3. 96th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001
    4. 96th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002

    The original Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution (Part IV-A, Article 51A) by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee, listing 10 duties. The 86th Amendment Act, 2002, added the 11th Fundamental Duty [Article 51A (k)].

  7. How many Fundamental Duties are provided by the Constitution of India?

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 5 2023

    1. Twelve
    2. Eleven
    3. Thirteen
    4. Nine
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Eleven

    Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. This amendment added Part IVA and Article 51A, which initially listed 10 duties. The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, added the 11th Fundamental Duty.

  8. In which year, 11th Fundamental Duty was added in Indian Constitution ?

    Asked in: Sr. Teacher Gr II (Sec. Edu.) Comp. Exam 2022

    1. 2002
    2. 2001
    3. 2000
    4. 2003
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 2002

    (G.K. Group B)-2022 UPPSC ACF RFO gs 2 -2021 The 11th Fundamental Duty was added to the Indian Constitution in the year 2002, through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act.

  9. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Constitution of India under Article 51A. In which year was the 11th Fundamental Duty added in this Article 51A ?

    Asked in: Assistant Conservator of Forest 2025

    1. 1990
    2. 2000
    3. 2002
    4. 2004
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 2004

    This question tests knowledge of the Indian Constitution, specifically amendments related to Fundamental Duties and their timeline. It requires knowing when the 11th Fundamental Duty was incorporated.

Verma Committee Report (1999) on operationalisation of Fundamental Duties

  1. Which of the following statement/statements is/are correct with regard to the Fundamental Duties ? I. Fundamental Duties are confined to the citizens of India with the exception of Article 51A(i), which is also applicable to foreigners that are resident in India. II. The Verma Committee on Fundamental Duties of the Citizens (1999) recommended the implementation of Fundamental Duties irrespective of existence of legal provisions. III. In 'Kesavananda Bharati' Case (1973), the Supreme Court of India held that the Fundamental Duties may be used to decide the constitutionality of laws that are otherwise ambiguous to interpret. IV. The Sardar Swaran Singh Committee had recommended for penalties to be considered in the eventuality of non-compliance of any of Fundamental Duties.

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2024

    1. III and IV
    2. I and II
    3. Only IV
    4. II and IV
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Only IV

    Statement I is incorrect. Fundamental Duties (Article 51A) are generally applicable to citizens of India. While Article 51A(i) which deals with the duty to provide opportunities for education to a child between six and fourteen years of age is often interpreted as a directive that the state should ensure, it is primarily framed as a duty of the parent/guardian citizen. There is no specific provision that makes it directly applicable to foreigners in the same way as citizens. Statement II is incorrect. The Verma Committee (1999) did recommend making certain fundamental duties enforceable through existing laws, suggesting the need for legal provisions rather than recommending implementation irrespective of legal provisions. The committee aimed to suggest measures to implement the duties. Statement III is incorrect. In the Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973), the Supreme Court did not directly hold that Fundamental Duties could be used to decide the constitutionality of laws. While the judgment discussed the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, the role of Fundamental Duties in constitutional interpretation became more pronounced in later judgments, such as the Minerva Mills Case. Statement IV is correct. The Sardar Swaran Singh Committee (1976), which recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, had indeed suggested that penalties might be considered for non-compliance with certain duties. However, Parliament chose not to make specific penalties for all duties when enacting the Fundamental Duties.

  2. Who among the following was the Chairman of the Committee to operationalize the suggestions to teach Fundamental Duties?

    Asked in: Sr. Teacher (Sanskrit Edu.) Comp. Exam 2022

    1. (1) Justice J.S. Verma
    2. (2) Dr. Karan Singh
    3. (3) J.M. Lyngdoh
    4. (4) T.N. Seshan
    Show answer

    Answer: A. (1) Justice J.S. Verma

    a-2022 The Verma Committee was formed to suggest ways and means for implementing the Fundamental Duties among citizens. This initiative stemmed from the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, which introduced Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India.