The Planning Commission / NITI Aayog is part of Indian Polity and Governance. Below are notes on 12 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.

Demise of Planning Commission: Reasons and Context

  • Planning Commission (PC) abolished by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
  • Abolition of PC was announced on August 15, 2014.
  • Replaced by NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India).
  • NITI Aayog constituted on January 1, 2015, via a Cabinet resolution.
  • Reasons for demise of PC:
    • Outdated "top-down" planning approach, ill-suited for a diverse economy and cooperative federalism.
    • Centralized planning model (inspired by the Soviet era) became irrelevant for a liberalized, globalized economy.
    • Lack of effective consultation and participation from states.
    • Need for a "think-tank" and facilitator role rather than a plan allocation body.
    • Shift towards a "bottom-up" approach to planning.
  • The 12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017) was the last Five-Year Plan; its term was truncated.
  • NITI Aayog does not formulate or implement Five-Year Plans.
  • Both the Planning Commission and NITI Aayog are extra-constitutional and nonstatutory bodies.

Distinction between Planning Commission and NITI Aayog

  • Planning Commission (PC):
    • Established: 1950, by Cabinet Resolution.
    • Nature: Extra-constitutional, nonstatutory body.
    • Approach: Top-down, centralized planning.
    • Role: Formulated Five-Year Plans; primary body for economic planning.
    • Financial Powers: Allocated 'Plan funds' to states.
    • Recommendations: Advisory, not binding on the government.
    • Dissolved: 2014.
  • NITI Aayog:
    • Established: January 1, 2015, replacing the Planning Commission.
    • Full Form: National Institution for Transforming India.
    • Nature: Extra-constitutional, non-statutory body; a premier think-tank of the Government of India.
    • Approach: Bottom-up planning, fostering cooperative federalism.
    • Role: Provides strategic direction & policy inputs; acts as an advisory body.
    • Financial Powers: Does NOT have powers to allocate funds to states.
    • Recommendations: Advisory, not binding on the government.
    • Governing Council: Includes Chief Ministers of all states and Lieutenant Governors of UTs.
  • Key Distinctions/Comparisons:
    • Successor: NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission.
    • Resource Allocation: PC allocated 'Plan funds'; NITI Aayog has no financial allocation powers. (Finance Commission, a constitutional body, allocates 'non-Plan funds').
    • Policy Role: PC formulated comprehensive 5-year plans (guiding economic policy); NITI Aayog provides strategic and policy advice (think-tank role).
    • Approach: PC was 'top-down'; NITI Aayog is 'bottom-up' and promotes cooperative federalism.
    • Recommendations: Both PC and NITI Aayog's recommendations are advisory and non-binding.

Establishment and Rationale for NITI Aayog

  • NITI Aayog stands for: National Institution for Transforming India.
  • Established on: January 1, 2015.
  • Replaced: The Planning Commission.
  • Nature: Principal policy 'Think Tank' of the Government of India.
  • Formation: Created by a resolution of the Union Cabinet.
  • Status: It is an executive, non-constitutional, and non-statutory body.
  • Chairperson: The Prime Minister of India.

Functions and Role of NITI Aayog as a Think Tank and Policy Enabler

  • Establishment: Formed on January 1, 2015, replacing the Planning Commission.
  • Nature: Acts as the Apex Public Policy Think Tank of the Government of India. It is a NonConstitutional, Non-Statutory body, established via a Cabinet Resolution.
  • Leadership: Chaired by the Prime Minister. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is appointed by the Prime Minister (PM is not the CEO).
  • Approach: Adopts a 'bottom-up' approach, focusing on developing credible plans from the village level upwards and aggregating them. (Contrast to Planning Commission's 'top-down' approach).
  • Core Functions & Roles:
    • Serves as a 'think tank' providing critical direction and strategic input for the development process.
    • Designs policy and programme frameworks, offering directional and policy inputs to the Centre.
    • Fosters 'cooperative federalism' by involving States in national development priorities and policy formulation, evolving a shared vision.
    • Acts as a knowledge and innovation hub, promoting partnerships with national and international think tanks.
    • Monitors and evaluates the implementation of programmes and initiatives.
    • Focuses on technology upgradation and capacity building for effective implementation.
    • Pays attention to the weaker sections of society, ensuring inclusive growth.
  • Functions NOT performed by NITI Aayog:
    • Allocating or disbursing financial resources to states or central ministries. (This was a key function of the Planning Commission and is now primarily handled by the Finance Commission and Ministry of Finance).
    • Giving final approval to Five Year Plans (which were abolished).
    • Acting as a 'provider of first and last resort' for inter-state conflict resolution.
    • Implementing specific schemes for rural development or advising on levying taxes.
  • Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO): An attached office of NITI Aayog that supports rigorous, data-driven, citizen-centric, and outcome-driven program management and policy making. DMEO added 'Equity' as a criterion to the RCEESI framework for evaluating government schemes.

Functions and Role of Planning Commission (including Five-Year Plans)

  • The Planning Commission (PC) was established in March 1950 by a Cabinet Resolution. It was an extra-constitutional and nonstatutory body.
  • Key Functions of the Planning Commission (pre-NITI Aayog):
    • Prepare guidelines for the formulation of National Plans, including assessment of material, capital, and human resources.
    • Formulate Five-Year Plans for the most effective and balanced utilization of the country's resources.
    • Often termed the "economic cabinet" not merely for the Union but for the States also.
    • Jointly responsible with the Ministry of Finance for monitoring outcomes under the "Outcome-Budget" (introduced in 2005).
  • The Planning Commission was replaced by NITI Aayog on January 1, 2015.
  • The National Development Council (NDC) was established in August 1952 by a Cabinet Resolution. It is a non-constitutional, but statutory body in practice, and often referred to as extra-constitutional.
  • Composition of NDC:
    • Chairman: Prime Minister of India.
    • Members: Chief Ministers of all States, Union Cabinet Ministers, and Administrators/Lt. Governors of Union Territories.
    • The Secretary of the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) also serves as the Secretary of the NDC.
  • Key Functions of NDC:
    • Review the working of the National Plan from time to time.
    • Consider and approve the National Plans as formulated by the Planning Commission.
    • Give guidelines for the formulation of State Plans.
    • Discuss the progress of National Plans and suggest ways to achieve their goals.
    • Suggest plan allocations.
    • Activate the means and efforts of states for implementation of the planning.
    • Develop general policies in all important areas and confirm balanced development across the country.
    • Functions as a coordinator between the Planning Commission and State Governments.
    • Holds the ultimate authority to accept 'Five Year Plans'.
    • NDC is considered the highest deciding body for planning in India.
    • It is expected to meet at least twice a year.
  • The NDC is NOT an organ of the Planning Commission.
  • Economic and social planning is included in the Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.
  • Sixth Five-Year Plan (1978-83, by Janata Party Government, known as 'Rolling Plan'): Emphasized Employment.

Genesis and Evolution of Planning Commission

  • The Planning Commission (PC) was established in March 1950 by a Resolution of the Central Government.
  • The PC was an extra-constitutional, non-statutory, and advisory body; it did not find mention in the Constitution.
  • Ashok Chandra referred to the Planning Commission as the "Economic Cabinet of India."
  • The National Development Council (NDC) was established in August 1952 by an Executive Resolution.
  • The NDC is also an extra-constitutional and non-statutory body, not mentioned in the Constitution.
  • The NDC's primary role was to approve the Five-Year Plans formulated by the Planning Commission, making it superior to the PC in this aspect.
  • Composition of the NDC: Prime Minister (Chairman), Chief Ministers of all States, Administrators of Union Territories, and all members of the Planning Commission. All Union Cabinet Ministers are also members of the NDC.
  • Economic and Social Planning is listed in the Concurrent List of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution (Entry 20).
  • The Constitution of India, specifically Article 243G (introduced by the 73rd Amendment Act), mandates Panchayats to prepare plans for economic development and social justice.
  • Zonal Councils are statutory bodies, created under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, and are not constitutional bodies.
  • Constitutional bodies, unlike the Planning Commission and NDC, are explicitly mentioned in the Constitution (e.g., Election Commission - Art 324, Finance Commission - Art 280, UPSC - Art 315-323, Inter-State Council - Art 263).
  • The book "Indian Economy: A Gandhian Blue Print" was authored by Jai Prakash Narayan.

Key Pillars and Objectives of NITI Aayog

  • Aayog's Role: Premier public policy 'Think Tank' of the Government of India.
  • Replaced: Planning Commission on January 1, 2015.
  • Objective: To provide strategic and technical advice to the Central and State Governments.
  • Key Objectives/Functions:
    • To foster cooperative federalism by ensuring active participation of States in national policy making.
    • To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities and strategies with the active involvement of States.
    • To design strategies and long-term policies and programme frameworks.
    • To develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level and aggregate these progressively upward (bottom-up planning).
    • To create a knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial support system.
    • To monitor and evaluate the implementation of programmes.
    • To provide a platform for resolution of inter-sectoral and inter-departmental issues.
  • Does NOT:
    • Allocate funds (unlike the erstwhile Planning Commission).
    • Impose policies on States/UTs.
  • Guiding Principles (Seven Pillars):
    • Pro-People: Aspirations of society.
    • Pro-activity: Anticipating and responding to citizen needs.
    • Participation: Citizen involvement.
    • Empowerment: Women, minorities, SC/ST/OBC.
    • Inclusion: Reaching all sections, especially marginalized.
    • Equality: Equal opportunity for all, especially youth.
    • Transparency: Openness and accountability.
  • Specialized Wings:
    • Team India Wing: Interface between States/UTs and Centre.
    • Knowledge and Innovation Hub: Think-tank functions.
    • Monitoring and Evaluation Wing: Track progress and evaluate impact.

Major Initiatives and Reports by NITI Aayog (e.g., SDG India Index, Aspirational Districts Program)

  • NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India): Established Jan 1, 2015, replacing Planning Commission. Serves as premier policy 'think tank' of the Government of India.
  • Key Initiatives & Programs:
    • Aspirational Districts Program (ADP): Launched 2018. Aims for rapid transformation of 112 most underdeveloped districts across various development indicators. NITI Aayog anchors this program.
    • Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): Flagship initiative to promote a culture of innovation & entrepreneurship across India. Includes Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) & Atal Incubation Centres (AICs).
    • Strategy for New India @ 75: Comprehensive document outlining India's development strategy across 41 sectors, envisioning a New India by 2022-23 (now aligned with 2022/2047 vision).
  • Major Reports & Indices (Published/ Developed by NITI Aayog):
    • SDG India Index: Launched 2018. Monitors & ranks states/UTs based on their performance across Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
    • Composite Water Management Index (CWMI): Assesses & improves water resource management by states.
    • School Education Quality Index (SEQI): Evaluates states/UTs on the quality of school education.
    • State Health Index: Developed in collaboration with the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and the World Bank.
    • India Innovation Index: Ranks states/ UTs on their innovation performance to foster competition & promote innovation.
  • Associated Bodies/Offices under NITI Aayog:
    • Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO): Functions as an attached office of NITI Aayog, responsible for monitoring & evaluating government programs/policies.
    • National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (NILERD): Autonomous body under NITI Aayog, focuses on human resource development, employment, and labour economics research. (Formerly IAMR).
  • Role in Policy Reforms:
    • Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS): NITI Aayog played a crucial role in the rationalization. Categorized schemes into "Core of the Core," "Core Schemes," and "Optional Schemes."
    • "Core of the Core" Schemes: These are schemes considered of national priority and paramount importance, typically focusing on Social Protection & Social Inclusion (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)).
    • Digital Transformation: NITI Aayog advocates for digital transformation in governance & services through policy recommendations and strategic frameworks.
  • Not Directly Related to NITI Aayog (as per MCQs):
    • National Sample Survey Office (NSSO): Functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
    • National Water Development Agency (NWDA): Established 1980. Functions under Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation.
    • Converting 100% Government-Citizen transactions to the digital platform: This is primarily mandated to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) as part of Digital India, though NITI Aayog provides strategic direction and policy advice.

NITI Aayog and Cooperative Federalism

  • NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) replaced the Planning Commission on January 1, 2015.
  • Approach: Fosters Cooperative Federalism.
  • Policy Making Model: Employs a bottom-up approach, departing from the Planning Commission's top-down, 'one size fits all' model.
  • Key Objectives:
    • Serves as a premier "think tank" and "knowledge and innovation hub" for the Government of India.
    • Ensures States and local bodies are equal partners in the development process.
    • Understands and supports developmental needs and aspirations of states.
    • Incorporates varied local realities into national policies and programmes with required flexibility.
  • Mechanism for Cooperative Federalism: Constitutes sub-groups of Chief Ministers on crucial subjects.
  • Examples of Subjects for CM Sub-groups/ Committees: Centrally Sponsored Schemes (rationalization), Skill Development, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Digital Payments.
  • Chairman: Prime Minister of India.
  • Specific Recommendation (Example): Suggested Central Government take construction responsibility for the Polavaram Project post-bifurcation.

NITI Aayog's Role in Monitoring and Evaluation

  • Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO): An attached office under NITI Aayog.
  • DMEO was constituted on 18 September 2015.
  • Role of DMEO: Monitors and evaluates the implementation of government programs and initiatives, providing evidence-based policy inputs to NITI Aayog and other ministries/departments.

Structure and Composition of NITI Aayog (Governing Council, Regional Councils, etc.)

  • Formation: Established on 1st January 2015 via a Cabinet Resolution.
  • Nature: Non-constitutional and non-statutory body; replaced the Planning Commission.
  • Full Form: National Institution for Transforming India.
  • Chairperson: Prime Minister of India (ex-officio).
  • Governing Council:
    • Comprises: Chief Ministers of all States.
    • Chief Ministers of Union Territories with Legislatures (e.g., Delhi, Puducherry).
    • Lieutenant Governors of other Union Territories.
    • Excludes: Governors of States, President of India.
  • Regional Councils:
    • Constituted to address specific regional issues.
    • Comprises: Chief Ministers of States and Lt. Governors of UTs in the specific region.
    • Chaired by: Chairperson of NITI Aayog (PM) or his nominee.
  • Vice-Chairperson:
    • Appointed by the Prime Minister.
    • Holds Cabinet Minister rank.
    • First Vice-Chairman: Arvind Panagariya.
  • Chief Executive Officer (CEO):
    • Appointed by the Prime Minister for a fixed tenure.
    • Holds Secretary to the Government of India rank.
    • Amitabh Kant was a former CEO.
  • Ex-officio Members: Maximum 4 Union Ministers, nominated by the Prime Minister.
  • Part-time Members: Maximum 2, from leading universities/research organizations, on a rotational basis.
  • Special Invitees: Experts, specialists, practitioners with domain knowledge, nominated by the Prime Minister.

Structure and Composition of Planning Commission

  • The Planning Commission was established in March 1950 by a Resolution of the Government of India.
  • It was an extra-constitutional, non-statutory, and advisory body, not defined in the Indian Constitution.
  • The Prime Minister of India was the ex-officio Chairman of the Planning Commission.
  • The Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission was appointed by the Central Cabinet and held the rank of a Cabinet Minister in the Government of India.
  • Members and the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission did not have fixed working durations.
  • The National Development Council (NDC) was constituted in 1952.
  • The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the National Development Council (NDC).
  • Members of the NDC included the Prime Minister (Chairman), all Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers of all states, Chief Ministers/Administrators of all Union Territories, and (formerly) members of the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog).
  • The Chairman of the Finance Commission is not a part of the National Development Council.
  • The Planning Commission was abolished in August 2014 and replaced by NITI Aayog on January 1, 2015.

34. Lokpal and Important Commissions

Practice MCQs: The Planning Commission / NITI Aayog

Demise of Planning Commission: Reasons and Context

  1. The planning commission of India was changed as NITI AAYOG in _______,

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2017

    1. March, 2015
    2. January, 2015
    3. December, 2015
    4. April, 2015
    Show answer

    Answer: B. January, 2015

    NITI Aayog was established with effect from January 1, 2015, by a resolution of the Union Cabinet, replacing the 65-year-old Planning Commission.

  2. Which one of the following is not in existence now?

    Asked in: UKPSC CS Prelims 2024 · It was abolished by the NDA government in 2014

    1. National Commission for Women
    2. Minority Commission
    3. Planning Commission
    4. National Human Rights Commission
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Planning Commission

    The question asks which of the listed bodies is not in existence now. A. The National Commission for Women was set up as a statutory body in January 1992 under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990, and it is still in existence. B. The National Commission for Minorities was set up as a statutory body under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992, and it is still in existence. C. The Planning Commission was a non-constitutional and non-statutory body established in March 1950. and replaced by NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) from January 1, 2015. D. The National Human Rights Commission is a statutory body established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, and it is still in existence.

  3. The Government of India has established NITI Aayog to replace the

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2015

    1. Human Rights Commission
    2. Finance Commission
    3. Law Commission
    4. Planning Commission
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Planning Commission

    - NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India. - It replaced the Planning Commission, which was the central body for formulating India's Five-Year Plans. - The shift from Planning Commission to NITI Aayog reflects a move from a centralized planning model to a more decentralized, collaborative, and consultative approach involving states.

  4. In which year was a Cabinet resolution passed to replace the Planning Commission with NITI Aayog?

    Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2024

    1. 2014
    2. 2015
    3. 2016
    4. 2018
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 2015

    The Planning Commission was a non-constitutional and non-statutory body established in March 1950 through a Cabinet resolution. NITI Aayog, its successor, was also established by a Cabinet resolution.

  5. The Planning Commission has been abolished by the Prime Minister

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2015

    1. Narendra Modi
    2. Morarji Desai
    3. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
    4. I.K. Gujral
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Narendra Modi

    - Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the intention to abolish the Planning Commission in his Independence Day speech on August 15, 2014. - The Planning Commission was subsequently replaced by the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) on January 1, 2015. - The Planning Commission was established in 1950 and was responsible for formulating India's five-year plans.

  6. When was new institution 'NITI Aayog' constituted in place of 'Planning Commission' ?

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2023

    1. 31st March, 2014
    2. 15th March, 1950
    3. 1st January, 2015
    4. 11th January, 2016
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1st January, 2015

    The new institution 'NITI Aayog' (National Institution for Transforming India) was constituted on January 1, 2015, replacing the erstwhile Planning Commission.

  7. Which of the following is not true about the Planning Commission of India?

    Asked in: ARO GS 252022 74 2024

    1. The Planning Commission of India was disbanded in the year 2014.
    2. The Planning Commission of India was replaced by the NITI Aayog.
    3. The present government is implementing Five Year Plans through NITI Aayog.
    4. There were 12 Five-Year Plans in India till the year 2014.
    Show answer

    Answer: C. The present government is implementing Five Year Plans through NITI Aayog.

    The present government is not implementing Five Year Plans through NITI Aayog; NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission and has a different mandate.

  8. Consider the following statement: Assertion [A]: NITI Aayog replaced the planning commission. Reason [R]: This shift reflects a move towards a more dynamic and adaptable approach to economic planning in a globalized world. Select the correct answer from the following codes:

    Asked in: District Statistical Officer Assistant Director 2025

    1. Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is the correct explanation of [A]
    2. Both [A] and [R] are true but [R] is not the correct explanation of [A]
    3. [A] is false but [R] is true
    4. [A] is true but [R] is false
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is the correct explanation of [A]

    The establishment of NITI Aayog marked a significant policy shift in India's approach to economic development and planning. It moved from a command economy model to a more market-oriented and collaborative framework.

Distinction between Planning Commission and NITI Aayog

  1. Consider the following statements with regard to the Planning Commission (PC) and Finance Commission (FC) and state which of these statements is not correct.

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2009

    1. Both, the Planning Commission and the Fin‐ ance Commission are institutions for the transfer of resources from Centre to the States..
    2. Recommendations given by both are binding on the Government.
    3. While PC is a permanent body FC is constituted every 5 years
    4. FC awards non-plan resources while PC al locates plan resources.
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Recommendations given by both are binding on the Government.

    Let's evaluate each statement: A) Both, the Planning Commission and the Finance Commission are institutions for the transfer of resources from Centre to the States. This is correct. FC recommends tax devolution and grants, while PC allocated plan resources. B) Recommendations given by both are binding on the Government. This is incorrect. Finance Commission recommendations on tax devolution are usually accepted and are quasi-binding by convention, but technically not legally binding like a judicial order. Planning Commission recommendations were advisory and implemented due to the PC's influence and position, but were not legally binding. The statement claims binding nature for both, which is false. C) While PC is a permanent body FC is constituted every 5 years. This statement is incorrect. The Finance Commission is a constitutional body constituted every five years (Article 280), which is correct. However, the Planning Commission was an extra-constitutional, non-statutory body and was not a permanent body; it was dissolved in 2014. Since the first part of the 'while' clause is false, the entire statement comparing them on this basis is incorrect. D) FC awards non-plan resources while PC allocates plan resources. This was historically correct. The Finance Commission primarily dealt with the distribution of non-plan revenue resources and grants, while the Planning Commission was responsible for formulating five- year plans and allocating resources for these plans (plan expenditure).Comparing options B and C, both are incorrect. However, statement B makes a direct assertion about the authority of both bodies' recommendations, which is a fundamental point of distinction and clearly false for the PC. Statement C contains a false premise about the PC's status. In the context of UPSC questions, statement B is generally considered the intended "not correct" statement when comparing the nature of recommendations from these two bodies before the abolition of PC.

  2. Which organization is responsible for formulating and enforcing economic policy in India?

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2023

    1. Ministry of Finance
    2. Ministry of Commerce and Industry
    3. NITI Aayog
    4. Planning Commission
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Ministry of Finance

    While other ministries deal with specific aspects (like Commerce and Industry for trade policy) and bodies like NITI Aayog provide strategic direction and advice, the Ministry of Finance has the primary mandate for overarching economic policy formulation and enforcement.

  3. NITI Aayog came into existence in place of

    Asked in: Lower Subordinate Services Examination 2024

    1. National Development Council
    2. Inter-State Council
    3. Planning Commission
    4. Zonal Council
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Planning Commission

    NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established on January 1, 2015, by the Government of India. It replaced the Planning Commission, which had been in existence since 1950, and serves as a think tank and policy incubator.

Establishment and Rationale for NITI Aayog

  1. NITI in NITI Aayog stands for

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2015 · HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2014

    1. National Institution for Transforming India
    2. New Initiative for Transforming India
    3. New Indian Thinking Initiative
    4. National Initiative for Transforming India
    Show answer

    Answer: A. National Institution for Transforming India

    NITI stands for National Institution for Transforming India.

  2. NITI Aayog came into existence on

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 63rd

    1. 1st January, 2014
    2. 1st June, 2014
    3. 1st January, 2015
    4. 1st June, 2015
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1st January, 2015

    NITI Aayog serves as a policy 'Think Tank' of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. It adopts a 'bottom-up' approach in planning, in contrast to the 'top-down' model of the Planning Commission.

  3. In Government of India's NITI Aayog, which is an economic policy-making think tank, what is the full form of NITI?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 64th

    1. National Internal Trade Information
    2. National Institution for Transforming India
    3. National Integrated Treaty Institute
    4. National Intellectual Training Institute
    Show answer

    Answer: B. National Institution for Transforming India

    NITI Aayog was established on January 1, 2015, replacing the erstwhile Planning Commission. It serves as the premier policy 'think tank' of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs.

  4. 'NITI-Aayog' has been formed replacing Planning Commission on

    Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2014

    1. Jan. 1, 2015
    2. Jan. 5, 2015
    3. Jan. 26, 2015
    4. Jan. 31, 2015
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Jan. 1, 2015

    NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was formed to replace the Planning Commission of India. It was established via a Union Cabinet resolution on January 1, 2015.

  5. In NITI Aayog, 'NITI' stands for:

    Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2014

    1. National Institution For Transforming India
    2. National Institute Of Transforming India
    3. National Initiative For Transforming India
    4. National Institution For Translating India
    Show answer

    Answer: A. National Institution For Transforming India

    NITI Aayog was formed on January 1, 2015, replacing the Planning Commission. It serves as a policy think tank for the Government of India.

  6. Consider the following statements: 1. The Government of India has established NITI Aayog as a replacement for the Planning Commission. 2. NITI Aayog operates as a think tank, providing policy guidance. 3. The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of NITI Aayog. How many of the statements given above are correct?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2010

    1. Only one
    2. Only two
    3. All three
    4. None
    Show answer

    Answer: C. All three

    - Statement 1 is correct: NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established on January 1, 2015, by a resolution of the Union Cabinet, replacing the erstwhile Planning Commission. - Statement 2 is correct: NITI Aayog functions primarily as a policy 'think tank' of the Government of India, providing strategic and technical advice on economic policy matters. - Statement 3 is correct: The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairperson of NITI Aayog.

  7. NITI Aayog is set up by

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2016 · WBPSC CS Prelims 2018

    1. a resolution by Union Cabinet
    2. Amending the Constitution of India
    3. Both (A) and (B)
    4. Neither (A) nor (B)
    Show answer

    Answer: A. a resolution by Union Cabinet

    NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established on January 1, 2015, by a resolution of the Union Cabinet of India. It is a policy think tank for the Government of India.

  8. Neeti Ayog was formed on

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. January 1, 2015
    2. January 1, 2016
    3. January 1, 2017
    4. January 1, 2018
    Show answer

    Answer: A. January 1, 2015

    Formed on January 1, 2015.

Functions and Role of NITI Aayog as a Think Tank and Policy Enabler

  1. Which one of the following is not an objective of NITI Aayog?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2021 · OPSC CS Prelims 2017

    1. It provides a critical direction and strategic input for development process.
    2. It functions as a ‘think tank’ in providing key elements of policy.
    3. It monitors and evaluates the implementation of the programmes.
    4. It offers a platform for resolution of inter-state conflicts as ‘provider of first and last resort’.
    Show answer

    Answer: D. It offers a platform for resolution of inter-state conflicts as ‘provider of first and last resort’.

    - NITI Aayog serves as a 'think tank' (B), providing policy inputs and strategic direction (A) for development. - It also monitors and evaluates the implementation of government programmes (C). - NITI Aayog promotes cooperative federalism by providing a platform for states to interact and share best practices, but it is not a judicial or quasi-judicial body for resolving inter-state disputes definitively.

  2. Which one of the following is / are the function(s) of NITI Aayog? Design policy & programme framework Foster cooperative federalism Think tank and knowledge & innovation hub Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    Asked in: UPSC Geoscientist 2021

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 2 and 3
    4. 1 and 3 only
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3

    NITI Aayog acts as a policy think tank, promotes cooperative federalism, and designs strategic frameworks.

  3. Which of the following statement/s is / are correct in respect of National Institution for Transforming India ? (i) It serves as the Apex Public Policy Think Tank of Government of India. (ii) It's predecessor adopted Bottom Up approach. (iii) It's parent ministry is Ministry of Planning. (iv) It strives to promote cooperative federalism.

    Asked in: OPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. (i), (ii) and (iii)
    2. (i), (ii) and (iv)
    3. (i), (iii) and (iv)
    4. All of these
    Show answer

    Answer: C. (i), (iii) and (iv)

    - NITI Aayog is a think tank promoting bottom-up planning and cooperative federalism. - It replaced the top-down Planning Commission. - It is chaired by the Prime Minister and is not under a specific ministry like the Ministry of Planning.

  4. Consider the following statements regarding Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC) :

    Asked in: PPSC CS Prelims 2018

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 2 and 3 only

    It is a statutory and permanent body. It analyzes any economic issue referred to it by the Prime Minister and advises him thereon. It submits periodic reports to the Prime Minister, related to macroeconomic developments and issues. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? - PMEAC is a non-statutory, non-permanent body. - It advises the Prime Minister on economic matters. - It submits periodic reports.

  5. The main functions of NITI Aayog does not include

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2017

    1. monitoring and evaluation of programmes and initiatives
    2. developing mechanisms to formulate credible plans at village level
    3. disbursal of funds to central ministries and state governments
    4. fostering co-operative federalism and designing strategic policy
    Show answer

    Answer: C. disbursal of funds to central ministries and state governments

    - NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) replaced the Planning Commission in 2015. - It acts as a think tank and policy advisory body to the Government of India. - Its focus is on a 'bottom- up' approach to planning and promoting cooperative federalism between the Centre and States.

  6. The following are the functions of Niti Aayog. Find out which is/are wrongly listed I. To foster cooperative federalism II. To give final approval to five year plans III. To implement schemes for rural development IV. To advice the State and Central Governments on levying taxes

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. I and II
    2. I, II and III
    3. II and IV
    4. Only IV
    Show answer

    Answer: C. II and IV

    Niti Aayog's primary role is advisory and policy formulation, not approval of plans (which are no longer the framework) or implementation of schemes.

  7. Assertion (A) : NITI Aayog is a Non-Constitutional Advisory Body. Reason (R) : One of the objectives of NITI Aayog is to develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level and aggregate these progressively at higher levels of government.

    Asked in: APPSC Group II Mains paper 1 2025

    1. Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. (A) is True but (R) is False
    4. (A) is False but (R) is True
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

    Assertion (A) is true because NITI Aayog was established by a resolution of the Union Cabinet, not by an Act of Parliament or a provision of the Constitution. It serves as a policy 'think tank' for the Government of India. Reason (R) is also true, as developing mechanisms for grassroots planning is one of the stated objectives of NITI Aayog, reflecting its bottom-up planning approach.

  8. Which of the following is not a function of NITI Aayog?

    Asked in: APPSC Panchayat secretary Prelims 2016

    1. Providing directional and policy inputs to the Centre
    2. Fostering cooperative federalism
    3. Finalization of financial resource allocation to the States
    4. Acting as a knowledge hub
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Finalization of financial resource allocation to the States

    NITI Aayog functions primarily as a think tank and advisory body to the Government of India. Its core functions include providing directional and policy inputs, fostering cooperative federalism through structured support initiatives and mechanisms with the States, designing strategic and long-term policy and programme frameworks, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of initiatives, and acting as a knowledge, innovation, and entrepreneurial hub.

Functions and Role of Planning Commission (including Five-Year Plans)

  1. Preparing the guidelines for the formulation of national plan including assessment of its resources is the function of

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2011

    1. Planning Commission
    2. National Development Council
    3. Ministry of Finance
    4. Union Cabinet
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Planning Commission

    Functions of key economic planning bodies in India. The Planning Commission's role in resource assessment and plan formulation.

  2. Out of the options below, what was the issue of emphasis in the sixth five year plan put forward for 1978 – 83 by the Government of the Janata Party ?

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2016

    1. Employment
    2. Industrialization
    3. Growth with stability
    4. Sectoral allocation
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Employment

    The Janata Party's Sixth Plan (1978-83) was distinct in its approach, adopting a 'Rolling Plan' concept and shifting focus towards employment and rural development compared to the previous emphasis on heavy industry.

  3. Which of the following is the main function of National Development Council in India?

    Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2019

    1. To activate the means and efforts of states for implementation of the planning.
    2. To develop the general policies in all the important areas.
    3. To confirm the balanced development in all the areas of the country.
    4. All of these
    Show answer

    Answer: D. All of these

    The National Development Council served as the highest decision-making body on planning in India. Its broad mandate involved approving the national plan, reviewing its progress, discussing important policy matters related to socio-economic development, and ensuring coordination and cooperation between the Central government and the State governments for effective plan implementation and balanced regional development.

  4. Which one among the following functions is NOT assigned to the National Development Council?

    Asked in: UPSC Geoscientist 2021

    1. To engage in social and economic policies
    2. To review the working of the national plan from time to time
    3. To prescribe guidelines for the formulation of the state plans
    4. To consider the national plans as formulated by the Planning Commission
    Show answer

    Answer: A. To engage in social and economic policies

    The Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) was responsible for formulating guidelines for plans, while the NDC reviewed and approved the plans.

  5. Which one of the following is the Chairman of the National Development Council ?

    Asked in: UKPSC CS Prelims 2012

    1. Prime Minister of India
    2. Finance Minister of Govt. of India
    3. President of India
    4. Vice-President of India
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Prime Minister of India

    The National Development Council is an advisory body to the Government of India on development matters. It was established in August 1952.

  6. Which of the following statement is not correct about ‘National Development Council’ ?

    Asked in: UKPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. It includes Chief Ministers of all states.
    2. It is a non-constitutional body.
    3. It is a statutory body.
    4. It should meet at least twice in a year.
    Show answer

    Answer: C. It is a statutory body.

    - The NDC is the apex body for decision making and deliberations on development matters in India, presided over by the Prime Minister. - Its members include the Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers of all States, Chief Ministers of Union Territories with Legislatures, and Administrators of Union Territories without Legislatures, and members of the NITI Aayog (formerly Planning Commission).

  7. Consider the following statements: 1. The National Development Council is an organ of the Planning Commission. 2. The Prime Minister of India is the Chairman of the National Development Council. 3. The National Development Council is a statutory body. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2010

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 1 and 2 only

    - Statement 1: The National Development Council (NDC) was a body closely associated with the Planning Commission. While not formally an 'organ of' the Planning Commission in the sense of being a subordinate part, the NDC was the highest decision- making body for approving Five Year Plans formulated by the Planning Commission. Members of the Planning Commission were also members of the NDC. Given the options, this statement is likely intended to be interpreted as reflecting the close functional relationship and oversight role of the NDC over the planning process led by the Planning Commission. - Statement 2: The Prime Minister of India was the ex-officio Chairman of the National Development Council. This is a factual detail about the composition and leadership of the NDC. - Statement 3: The National Development Council was neither a constitutional body (established by the Constitution) nor a statutory body (established by an Act of Parliament). It was established in 1952 by an Executive Resolution of the Union Cabinet. Therefore, it was an extra-constitutional, non- statutory body. This statement is incorrect.

  8. Which among the following functions as a coordinator between the Planning Commission and State Governments ?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2012

    1. National Integration Council
    2. Finance Commission
    3. National Development Council
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. National Development Council

    - The NDC was established in 1952. - Its members included the Prime Minister, Union Ministers, Chief Ministers of all States, and members of the Planning Commission. - Its main functions included approving the Five-Year Plans formulated by the Planning Commission and reviewing their working.

Genesis and Evolution of Planning Commission

  1. The Planning Commission in India was established by

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2011

    1. An act of the Parliament
    2. The Constitution of India
    3. Resolution of the Central Government
    4. Presidential order
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Resolution of the Central Government

    The Planning Commission was established by a Resolution of the Central Government.

  2. In India, Planning Commission is a-

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2001

    1. Constitutional body
    2. Extra-constitutional body
    3. Executive body
    4. Mandatory body
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Extra-constitutional body

    Extra-constitutional bodies are those that derive their authority not from the Constitution or a specific law passed by Parliament, but typically from an executive resolution. The Planning Commission functioned as an advisory body to the government for formulating five-year plans and allocating resources.

  3. The National Development Council was established in _______.

    Asked in: KPSC KAS Prelims 2017

    1. March, 1952
    2. June, 1952
    3. August, 1952
    4. October, 1952
    Show answer

    Answer: C. August, 1952

    The Prime Minister of India was the Chairman of the NDC. Its members included Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers of all States, and members of the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog). The NDC was dissolved following the dissolution of the Planning Commission and the establishment of NITI Aayog.

  4. Which of the following was called as Economic cabinet of India by Ashok Chandra?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2018

    1. Planning Commission
    2. Finance Commission
    3. Central Cabinet
    4. Administrative Reform Commission
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Planning Commission

    The term "Economic Cabinet" was used by Ashok Chanda to describe the Planning Commission, emphasizing its central role in shaping India's economic policy and development strategy.

  5. Which of the following bodies does not/do not find mention in the Constitution? National Development Council 1. Planning Commission 2. Zonal Councils 3. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2013

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3

    - The National Development Council (NDC) was an advisory body to the Planning Commission. It was established by an executive resolution in 1952. It was neither a constitutional body nor a statutory body. - The Planning Commission was responsible for formulating India's Five-Year Plans. It was established by an executive resolution in 1950. Like the NDC, it was neither a constitutional body nor a statutory body. The Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog in 2015, which is also an extra-constitutional body established by executive resolution. - Zonal Councils are advisory bodies established under the States Reorganisation Act,

  6. They are statutory bodies (created by an Act of Parliament), but not constitutional bodies (created by the Constitution itself). 69. Consider the following statements: National Development Council is an organ of the Planning Commission. The Economic and Social Planning is kept in the Concurrent List in the Constitution of India. The Constitution of India prescribes that Panchayats should be assigned the task of preparation of plans for economic development and social justice. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2013

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 2 and 3 only

    Statement 1 is incorrect. The National Development Council (NDC) was an apex body that guided the Planning Commission and approved its final plans. It was established by an executive resolution in 1952 and comprised the Prime Minister (Chairman), Chief Ministers of all states, Union Cabinet Ministers, and members of the Planning Commission. It was not an organ of the Planning Commission but rather a body overseeing it. (Note: Both Planning Commission and NDC have been replaced by NITI Aayog since 2015). Statement 2 is correct. "Economic and Social Planning" is listed as Entry 20 in List III (Concurrent List) of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution, meaning both the Union and State governments can legislate on this subject. Statement 3 is correct. Article 243G of the Constitution (introduced by the 73rd Amendment) mandates that state legislatures may endow Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government, including the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice. Schedule Eleven lists subjects for which Panchayats are responsible for planning and implementation.

  7. Who among the following constitute the National Development Council? 1. The Prime Minister 2. The Chairman, Finance Commission 3. Ministers of the Union Cabinet 4. Chief Ministers of the States Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2013

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 1, 3 and 4 only
    3. 2 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1, 3 and 4 only

    The NDC was an advisory body to the Planning Commission, established in 1952. Its main functions included reviewing the working of the National Plan, considering important questions of social and economic policy affecting national development, and recommending measures for the achievement of the objectives of the Plan. It was considered the highest body below Parliament for considering and approving the Five Year Plans.

  8. National Development Council was set up in

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. 1950
    2. 1951
    3. 1952
    4. 1954
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1952

    The National Development Council (NDC) was established on August 6, 1952, as an apex body to approve the Five-Year Plans formulated by the Planning Commission. It serves as a link between the central government, state governments, and the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog).

Key Pillars and Objectives of NITI Aayog

  1. Which among the following is/are the objective/objectives of the NITI Aayog? 1. Imposing policies on the States/UTs 2. Allocation of funds at National and State levels 3. Design strategies and long-term policies and programme frame-works Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2023

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 2 and 3
    4. 3 only
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 3 only

    - NITI Aayog fosters cooperative federalism by involving states in the policy-making process; it does not impose policies on states (Statement 1 is incorrect). - Unlike the former Planning Commission, NITI Aayog does not have the power to allocate funds to states or ministries (Statement 2 is incorrect). Fund allocation is primarily done by the Union Finance Ministry and the Finance Commission. - A key objective of NITI Aayog is to design strategic and long-term policy and program frameworks, monitor their implementation, and evaluate their impact (Statement 3 is correct).

  2. The objectives of the NITI Aayog include 1. To foster cooperative federalism 2. To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities 3. To create a knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial support system 4. To develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the village level

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 2 2023

    1. 1 and 4 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    NITI Aayog acts as the premier policy 'Think Tank' of the Government of India, providing both directional and policy inputs. It aims to strengthen cooperative federalism and promote decentralized planning.

  3. Consider the following statements about NITI Aayog. (1) NITI Aayog has seven pillar objectives (2) It has three specialised wings Which of the above statements is/are correct?

    Asked in: District Statistical Officer Assistant Director 2025

    1. Only (1)
    2. Only (2)
    3. Both (1) and (2)
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both (1) and (2)

    The question assesses knowledge about the organizational structure and key objectives of NITI Aayog.

Major Initiatives and Reports by NITI Aayog (e.g., SDG India Index, Aspirational Districts Program)

  1. Which organization is entrusted with the initiative of converting 100% Government – Citizen transactions to the digital platform ?

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2016

    1. National Informatics Centre
    2. Ministry of Electronics and Information Tech‐ nology
    3. NITI Aayog
    4. National Payment Corporation of India
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Ministry of Electronics and Information Tech‐ nology

    MeitY formulates policies and oversees programs like Digital India, which includes the goal of transforming governance and making services digitally accessible.

  2. As per the rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes by the Government of India, "core of the core" schemes are

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2016

    1. Social protection and Social inclusion schemes
    2. Schemes which are part of National Agenda
    3. Infrastructure schemes
    4. Digital India schemes
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Social protection and Social inclusion schemes

    The highest priority category was designated "Core of the Core Schemes". These schemes are considered national priorities and are focused on critical social protection and social inclusion goals. Examples include schemes like MGNREGA, National Social Assistance Programme, and schemes specifically targeted towards the welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Minorities, and other vulnerable groups. These typically have a higher share of central funding or are fully funded by the Centre.

  3. National water development agency was established in year:

    Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 2008

    1. 1969
    2. 1970
    3. 1980
    4. 1990
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1980

    - The National Water Development Agency (NWDA) implements the National Perspective Plan for water resources. - The National Perspective Plan was formulated in 1980. - NWDA was established as a society in 1982. - Among the options, 1980 is the closest year, aligning with the initiation of the plan it executes.

  4. Which of the following is not directly related to Niti Aayog ? - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Asst. Engineer Comb. Comp. Exam (Pre) 2024

    1. Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO)
    2. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)
    3. National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)
    4. National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (NILERD)
    Show answer

    Answer: C. National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

    Niti Aayog serves as a policy think tank and a key facilitator for the government's reform agenda. It often houses or oversees various missions and offices dedicated to specific development areas. Understanding the organizational structure of key government bodies is important.

NITI Aayog and Cooperative Federalism

  1. What is the approach followed by National Institution For Transforming India Aayog in the economic policy making ?

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2018 · APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2018

    1. Top-Down model
    2. Trickle-up benefit model
    3. One size fits all
    4. Co-operative Federalism
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Co-operative Federalism

    NITI Aayog's approach to economic policy making is rooted in the principle of Co-operative Federalism, promoting collaboration between the Centre and States.

  2. Which of the following is not one of the subjects on which a sub group of chief ministers is constituted by NITI Aayog as part of Cooperative Federalism ?

    Asked in: APPSC Group 1 Prelims 2016

    1. Centrally sponsored schemes
    2. Skill development
    3. Swachh Bharat
    4. Digital payments
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Digital payments

    NITI Aayog uses various mechanisms, including sub-groups of Chief Ministers, to engage states in policy dialogue and implementation.

  3. After bifurcation, according to the suggestions of NITI Aayog who has to take the construction responsibility of Polavaram Project ?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2018

    1. Central Government
    2. State Government
    3. Divided between State and Central Governments equally
    4. State Government with the help of Central Government
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Central Government

    The Polavaram Project was designated a national project by the 2014 Reorganisation Act, placing primary financial and execution responsibility on the Central Government.

  4. Consider the following statements regarding the NITI Aayog : The State Governments and the local bodies must be made equal partners in the development process through the following changes : 1. Understanding and supporting their developmental needs and aspirations. 2. Incorporating varied local realities into national policies and programmes with the required flexibility. Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

    Asked in: UPSC SO Steno 2018

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both 1 and 2

    NITI Aayog was established with the aim of fostering cooperative federalism and enabling greater participation of states in the policy-making process. Statement 1 directly reflects this goal by emphasizing understanding and supporting states' specific needs and aspirations. Statement 2 reflects the shift from a centralized planning approach to one that incorporates local realities and allows flexibility in implementing national programs, another core principle of NITI Aayog's design.

  5. Which of the following is correct about NITI Aayog?

    Asked in: Paper I 4

    1. NITI Aayog is based on ‘one size fits all’ ap‐ proach
    2. Creation of knowledge and innovation is not a part of NITI Aayog
    3. The Finance Minister is the Chairman of NITI Aayog
    4. NITI Aayog fosters cooperative federalism
    Show answer

    Answer: D. NITI Aayog fosters cooperative federalism

    NITI Aayog promotes cooperative federalism and works collaboratively with state governments.

NITI Aayog's Role in Monitoring and Evaluation

  1. The Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO) was constituted on

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. 18 September 2015
    2. 18 September 2016
    3. 18 December 2015
    4. 18 December 2016
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 18 September 2015

    DMEO is an attached office of the NITI Aayog, Government of India.

  2. The Development, Monitoring and Evaluation Office, which monitors the progress of long term policies in an attached office under

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2020

    1. Prime Minister Office
    2. Ministry of Home Affairs
    3. Cabinet Secretariat
    4. NITI Aayog
    Show answer

    Answer: D. NITI Aayog

    - DMEO was formed by merging the erstwhile Program Evaluation Organisation (PEO) and the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO). - It plays a crucial role in providing evidence-based policy feedback to the government. - NITI Aayog is the premier policy 'Think Tank' of the Government of India.

Structure and Composition of NITI Aayog (Governing Council, Regional Councils, etc.)

  1. Who among the following is the CEO of the NITI Aayog?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 64th

    1. Amitabh Kant
    2. S. S. Mundra
    3. Cyrus Mistry
    4. Soumya Kanti Ghosh
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Amitabh Kant

    Assuming the question pertains to a period between 2016 and 2022 based on the options, Amitabh Kant was the incumbent CEO during this time.

  2. As per the Cabinet Resolution of 1st January, 2015, the NITI Aayog consists of: 1. Prime Minister of India 2. Governing Council comprising of Chief Minister of all the States and Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories 3. Rural Development Minister 4. Chief Executive Officer to be appointed by the Prime Minister Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2023

    1. 1, 2 and 3
    2. 1, 2 and 4
    3. 1 and 2 only
    4. 3 and 4 only
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1, 2 and 4

    NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is the premier policy 'Think Tank' of the Government of India, providing directional and policy inputs.

  3. Who was the first Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog ?

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2020

    1. Rajiv Kumar
    2. Amitabh Kant
    3. Arvind Pangariya
    4. Rao Inderjit Singh
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Arvind Pangariya

    NITI Aayog was established on January 1, 2015, replacing the Planning Commission. The Vice- Chairman is appointed by the Prime Minister and holds the rank of a Cabinet Minister.

  4. Which of the following is/are non-constitutional body/bodies ? I. NITI Aayog II. State Finance Commission III. National Commission for Backward Classes IV. Central Information Commission

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2023

    1. Only I is correct
    2. Only III and IV are correct
    3. Only I, III and IV are correct
    4. Only I and IV are correct
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Only I and IV are correct

    - Constitutional bodies are those mentioned in the Constitution of India (e.g., Election Commission, UPSC, State Finance Commission, NCBC, etc.). - Statutory bodies are those created by an Act passed by Parliament or a State Legislature (e.g., NHRC, CIC, SEBI, etc.). - Executive bodies (or non-constitutional, non-statutory bodies) are created by an executive resolution of the government (e.g., NITI Aayog).

  5. Who has been appointed as the First Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog ?

    Asked in: OPSC CS Prelims 2015

    1. Dr. V. K. Saraswat
    2. Kaushik Basu
    3. Arvind Panagariya
    4. K. V. Kamath
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Arvind Panagariya

    - NITI Aayog was formed in 2015. - The Vice Chairman is appointed by the Prime Minister. - Arvind Panagariya was the inaugural Vice Chairman.

  6. In relation to the organisational framework of the NITI Aayog, which of the following is not matched correctly ?

    Asked in: TSPSC Group 1 Prelims 2023

    1. Chairperson : Prime Minister of India
    2. Part-time Members : Maximum Two
    3. Ex-officio Members : Maximum Four
    4. Chief Executive Officer : Appointed by the President for a three-year tenure
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Chief Executive Officer : Appointed by the President for a three-year tenure

    The Prime Minister is the head of NITI Aayog and appoints the Vice-Chairperson and CEO.

  7. From the following, who is not the part of the governing council of NITI Aayog ?

    Asked in: UKPSC CS Prelims 2024

    1. All Chief Ministers of the States
    2. Chief Ministers of Delhi and Puducherry
    3. Governors of States
    4. Lieutenant Governors of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Governors of States

    The Governing Council of NITI Aayog comprises the Prime Minister of India (Chairperson), Chief Ministers of all States, Chief Ministers of Union Territories with Legislatures (Delhi and Puducherry), and Lieutenant Governors of other Union Territories. State Governors are not members of this council.

  8. Who was the first Vice-Chairman of the NITI Ayog?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2018

    1. Arvind Panagariya
    2. Raghuram Rajan
    3. Chandrashekhara Subramanyam
    4. Rajiv Kumar
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Arvind Panagariya

    NITI Ayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established on January 1, 2015, replacing the Planning Commission. The first Vice- Chairman appointed was Arvind Panagariya.

Structure and Composition of Planning Commission

  1. Who chairs the Planning Commission in India?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2011

    1. The President of India
    2. The Vice-President of India
    3. The Prime Minister of India
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: D. None of the above

    The Planning Commission of India has been replaced by NITI Aayog, and therefore, there is no longer a chairperson for the Planning Commission. Historically, the Prime Minister chaired it.

  2. Which of the following statements is correct for the planning commission of India ? (A) It is not defined in the Indian constitution (B) Members and the Vice Chairman do not have fixed working duration

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2013

    1. (A) only
    2. (B) only
    3. (A) and (B)
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. (A) and (B)

    Statement (A) is correct: The Planning Commission of India was an extra-constitutional body. It was set up by a Resolution of the Government of India in March 1950 and was not defined in the Constitution. Statement (B) is correct: The Planning Commission was an advisory body to the government. The tenure of its members, including the Vice- Chairman, was not fixed by any law or constitutional provision and depended on the discretion of the government.Since both statements are correct, option C is the correct answer.

  3. Who is the Chairman of Planning Commission and National Integration Council of India?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2014

    1. The President of India
    2. The Prime Minister of India
    3. The Vice President of India
    4. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
    Show answer

    Answer: B. The Prime Minister of India

    The Prime Minister chairs both the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) and the National Integration Council.

  4. Who among the following is not a part of the National Development Council?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 67th Cancelled

    1. The Secretary of the NITI Aayog
    2. The Secretary of the Planning and Programme Implementation Ministry
    3. The Vice Chairman of the NITI Aayog
    4. The Chairman of the Finance Commission of India
    Show answer

    Answer: D. The Chairman of the Finance Commission of India

    - The NDC is an extra-constitutional body that serves as an advisory body to the government on matters of planning and development. - It was established in 1952. - Its primary role was to approve the Five Year Plans and provide a platform for interaction between the Union Government and the State Governments on planning issues. (Although the role has changed with the abolition of the Planning Commission and introduction of NITI Aayog). - Membership is specific and does not include heads of other constitutional bodies like the Finance Commission.

  5. The importance given to the Deputy Chairman of the planning Commission in the official hierarch of the Government is that he is given the rank of :

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 1994

    1. A cabinet minister in the Government of India
    2. A Supreme Court Judge
    3. Chairman of a Parliamentary
    4. A Secretary to the Government of India
    Show answer

    Answer: A. A cabinet minister in the Government of India

    Historically, the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission held a position of significant importance in the Indian government hierarchy. Their rank was equivalent to that of a Cabinet Minister in the Union Council of Ministers.

  6. Which one of the following is not a constitutional body?

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2010

    1. Union Public Service Commission
    2. Finance Commission
    3. Planning Commission
    4. Election Commission
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Planning Commission

    Constitutional bodies are established by or derive their powers directly from the Constitution of India. The Planning Commission was established by a resolution of the Union Cabinet in 1950, making it an extra-constitutional (or non-constitutional) body.

  7. Planning Commission of India is a

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2014

    1. Political body
    2. Non-Political body
    3. Quasi-Political body
    4. Statutory body
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Quasi-Political body

    - The Planning Commission was an extra-constitutional and non-statutory body. - It was created by a resolution of the Union Cabinet. - Headed by the Prime Minister, it served as an advisory body for planning and policy. - Its nature involved both technical/expert input and political direction, making 'Quasi-Political' a fitting description among the choices.

  8. The planning commission of India is:

    Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 1995 · Civil Judge (Junior Division) Exam 2011

    1. Autonomous body
    2. Advisory body
    3. Constitutional Body
    4. Statutory Body
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Advisory body

    The Planning Commission of India was established in 1950 by a resolution of the Union Cabinet. It was not created by an Act of Parliament (making it non- statutory) or provided for in the Constitution (making it non-constitutional). Its role was to formulate Five-Year Plans and advise the central and state governments on planning-related matters. It was an extra-constitutional, non-statutory body whose recommendations were advisory in nature, although they carried significant weight.