Civil Disobedience Movement is part of Modern History of India. Below are notes on 10 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.

Background to the Civil Disobedience Movement (Simon Commission, Nehru Report, Lahore Session)

  • Simon Commission (1927-28):
    • Appointed Nov 1927 to review the working of the Government of India Act 1919.
    • Composed solely of 7 British members, led by Sir John Simon, with no Indian representation.
    • Met with widespread boycott and "Go Back Simon" protests across India upon its arrival in Feb 1928.
  • Shift in Goal: Replaced the earlier demand for Dominion Status.
  • Resolution Passing Date: Passed on December 31, 1929.
  • Flag Hoisting: Jawaharlal Nehru unfurled the newly adopted tricolour flag at midnight on December 31, 1929, on the banks of River Ravi.
  • Purna Swaraj Day: January 26, 1930, was designated to be observed annually as `Purna Swaraj Day` (Independence Day), with pledges taken by the people.
  • Purna Swaraj Declaration Text: Included the pledge: "We hold it to be a crime against man and God to submit any longer to a rule that has caused this fourfold disaster to our country."
  • Declaration Drafting: The Purna Swaraj Declaration/Pledge was primarily drafted by M.K. Gandhi.
  • Earlier Proposal: Maulana Hasrat Mohani proposed 'complete independence' as the goal at the Ahmedabad Session of Congress in 1920, defining Swaraj as complete independence from foreign control. This proposal was rejected at the time.
  • Other Decisions: Boycott of future Round Table Conferences and authorization to the Congress Working Committee (CWC) to launch a Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • Nehru Report (1928):
    • Drafted by an All Parties Conference committee headed by Motilal Nehru.
    • Proposed Dominion Status as India's political goal (not complete independence).
    • Recommended joint electorates, linguistic provinces, and 19 fundamental rights.
    • Rejected by the British and by younger, radical Congress leaders (e.g., Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose) who advocated for Purna Swaraj.
  • Lahore Session (INC, Dec 1929):
    • President: Jawaharlal Nehru.
    • Passed the "Purna Swaraj" (Complete Independence) resolution, declaring it as the Congress's chief goal.
    • Declared Jan 26, 1930, to be celebrated as 'Independence Day'.
    • Authorized the Congress Working Committee to launch a program of Civil Disobedience.
  • Launch of Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM):
    • The Working Committee (Feb 1930, Sabarmati) entrusted Mahatma Gandhi with the responsibility to initiate the CDM.
    • CDM commenced with the Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) led by Mahatma Gandhi, beginning March 12, 1930.

First and Second Round Table Conferences: Congress's participation and outcomes

  • Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) started by Mahatma Gandhi in March 1930.
  • First Round Table Conference (First RTC):
    • Held: November 1930 – January 1931, London.
    • Indian National Congress (INC) did not participate.
    • Reason for non-participation: INC leaders were engaged in and largely imprisoned during the ongoing CDM.
    • Outcome: No significant agreements were reached; highlighted the necessity of INC's involvement for any constitutional reforms.
  • Gandhi-Irwin Pact:
    • Signed: March 5, 1931.
    • Provisions: INC agreed to suspend CDM and participate in the Second RTC; Government agreed to release political prisoners (not convicted of violence), withdraw ordinances, etc.
  • Second Round Table Conference (Second RTC):
    • Held: September – December 1931, London.
    • INC Participation: Mahatma Gandhi, as the sole representative of the INC.
    • Key Issue: Major deadlock over the 'communal question' (separate electorates for minorities and depressed classes).
    • Outcome: Conference failed to achieve consensus, particularly on communal representation. Gandhi returned disappointed.
    • Post-RTC: CDM was resumed by Gandhi upon his return to India.

Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact): Provisions, significance, and criticisms

  • Date: Signed on March 5, 1931.
  • Also Known As: Delhi Pact.
  • Signatories: Mahatma Gandhi (representing Indian National Congress) and Lord Irwin (Viceroy of India).
  • Context: Signed after the Salt Satyagraha, leading to the temporary suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM).
  • Provisions (Government concessions):
    • Immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence.
    • Remission of all fines not yet collected.
    • Return of all lands not yet sold to third parties.
    • Lenient treatment to government servants who had resigned.
    • Right to make salt for personal consumption along the coast.
    • Right to peaceful and non-aggressive picketing.
    • Withdrawal of emergency ordinances.
  • Provisions (Congress/Gandhi concessions):
    • Suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
    • Participation in the Second Round Table Conference (RTC) in London.
    • Congress would not press for an investigation into police excesses.
  • Significance:
    • Marked a truce between Congress and the British government.
    • First time British government negotiated with Congress on an equal footing.
    • Boosted Congress's prestige.
    • Led to Gandhi's participation as the sole representative of Congress at the Second Round Table Conference (Sept-Dec 1931).
  • Criticisms:
    • Gandhi criticized for not securing commitment on 'Purna Swaraj' (complete independence).
    • Criticized for not securing the commutation of death sentences for Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru (executed March 23, 1931).
    • Left-wing leaders and radical nationalists viewed it as a retreat and a betrayal of the movement's goals.
  • Chronological Order of Related Events: Declaration of complete National Independence (Purna Swaraj Resolution - Dec 1929) → Civil Disobedience Movement (started March 1930) → Gandhi-Irwin Agreement (March 1931) → Poona Pact (Sept 1932) → Cripps Mission (March 1942).

Impact and Significance: Achievements, limitations, contribution to mass mobilization and nationalist sentiment

  • Goal/Aim: Achieved 'Purna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) declared at Lahore Session (Dec 1929); intended to paralyze administration, make government concede demands, and defy unjust laws (Salt Law being symbolic).
  • Mass Mobilization & Nationalist Sentiment: Unprecedented participation across various sections. Widely regarded as the most effective non-violent movement for mass mobilization.
  • Women: Large-scale participation, broke traditional barriers, picketed liquor shops & foreign cloth shops.
  • Students & Youth: Actively involved in protests, picketing.
  • Peasants: Responded with no-tax, no-rent campaigns (e.g., UP, Gujarat), defying forest laws.
  • Tribals: Participated by violating forest laws (e.g., Central Provinces, Maharashtra, Karnataka).
  • Business Class: Initially supported, but participation waned due to economic depression and government repression.
  • Muslims: Participation was generally lower than Non-Cooperation Movement, though some notable exceptions existed (e.g., Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan's Khudai Khidmatgars).
  • Princely States: Rulers and administrations generally remained aloof or hostile to the movement; no significant support to Congress.
  • Achievements/Significance (CDM Specific):
  • Demonstrated mass resolve to break unfair laws (e.g., Salt Law) without violence, proving Indians would defy unjust laws.
  • Shattered myth of British invincibility, boosting national confidence.
  • Forced British government to acknowledge Congress as a significant political force.
  • Led to Round Table Conferences and Gandhi-Irwin Pact (though a temporary truce).
  • Strengthened the base for future nationalist struggles.
  • Increased international attention and sympathy for India's independence struggle.
  • Limitations/Setbacks (CDM Specific):
  • British declared Indian National Congress illegal, leaders arrested, and severe repression.
  • Failed to achieve immediate 'Purna Swaraj' directly.
  • Post-CDM Focus: After its withdrawal (1934), Gandhiji shifted focus to constructive programs, including the Harijan Upliftment Movement (campaign against untouchability).
  • Harijan Padyatra: Gandhiji undertook a significant Harijan Padyatra (pilgrimage) starting Nov 1933, extending into 1934, covering parts of Central & South India (e.g., Wardha to Puri, traversing regions including Odisha and Tamil Nadu).
  • Gandhiji's Wider Contributions (General):
  • Instrumental in the abolition of the 'indentured labour' system.
  • During Lord Chelmsford's War Conference (WWI), Gandhiji supported the resolution on recruiting Indians for the war effort, hoping for Swaraj in return.

Launch of the Movement: The Dandi March and Salt Satyagraha

  • Movement: Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), launched with Dandi March/Salt Satyagraha.
  • Context: Followed Lahore Congress's Poorna Swaraj Declaration (Dec 1929) and Gandhi's 11-point ultimatum to Viceroy Irwin, which was rejected, leading to his remark "on bended knees I asked for bread and received stone instead."
  • Core Issue: British salt monopoly and oppressive salt tax. Salt was a universal necessity, taxed over 1000%, with natural production suppressed and excess salt destroyed.
  • Start of March: March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad, Gujarat).
  • Participants: Mahatma Gandhi and 78 chosen Ashramites.
  • Destination: Coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat.
  • Duration: 24 days, covering approximately 240 miles (385 km).
  • Conclusion & CDM Launch: Reached Dandi on April 5, 1930. Gandhi ceremonially broke the salt law by making salt from seawater on April 6, 1930, formally inaugurating the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • Key Aspects:
    • First nationalist activity to see significant participation of women (encouraged by Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay).
    • Received extensive coverage from European and American press (e.g., Time magazine, initially skeptical, later lauded Gandhi as a Saint and Statesman).
    • Symbolic defiance that impressed upon the British the urgent need to devolve power to Indians.
  • Notable Comparisons:
    • Subhash Chandra Bose: Compared to Napoleon's march to Paris on his return from Elba.
    • Motilal Nehru: Compared to Rama's historical march to Lanka.
  • Associated Personalities: Webb Miller (American journalist), Md. Tayebullah (Assam), Jyotiram Kandpal (Uttarakhand).

Other Forms of Civil Disobedience: Boycott of foreign goods, no-tax campaigns (Chowkidari tax, land revenue), forest laws violation, picketing of liquor shops

picketing of liquor shops

  • Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) expanded beyond salt law defiance to various forms of protest.
  • Boycott of Foreign Goods: Widespread boycott of foreign cloth and goods; women actively picketed shops selling foreign items.
  • Women's Participation in Boycotts (1931): Prominent women arrested for boycotting British clothes included Kunti Verma, Mangla Devi, and Bhagirathi Devi.
  • No-Tax Campaigns:
    • Chowkidari Tax: Refusal to pay the rural Chowkidari (watchman) tax, particularly in eastern India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa).
    • Land Revenue: Non-payment of land revenue, significant in regions like Gujarat (under Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel) and parts of UP.
  • Violation of Forest Laws (Forest Satyagrahas): Defiance of restrictive colonial forest laws, especially in forested regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Central Provinces (e.g., Chhattisgarh).
  • Specific Forest Satyagrahas (1930) in Chhattisgarh:
    • Rudri Jungle Satyagraha: 3 August
    • Pakariya Jungle Satyagraha: 22 August
    • Podi Jungle Satyagraha: 9 September
    • Tamora Jungle Satyagraha: 7 October
  • Picketing of Liquor Shops: Women played a crucial role in picketing liquor shops, aiming to reduce government revenue and promote temperance.
  • Regional Participation (Ajmer): Gokul Rao Asawa, Master Laxmi Narain, Chandrabhan Sharma, and Krishan Gopal Garg actively participated in CDM programs in Ajmer.

Participation of various sections: Women, students, peasants, workers, tribals, merchants

  • Women:
    • Achieved massive participation, drawing women out from home seclusion in unprecedented numbers.
    • Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay successfully persuaded Mahatma Gandhi not to restrict the Salt March protest to men alone.
    • Prominent women leaders and inspirers included Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Hansa Mehta, Ratanben Mehta, Ramibai Kamdar, and Laxmibai Garde.
    • Actively involved in picketing foreign cloth and liquor shops, participating in processions, and engaging in forest satyagrahas.
  • Students & Lawyers:
    • Marked by mass participation, with students boycotting schools and colleges and lawyers suspending their practices to join the movement.
  • Peasants:
    • Received a massive response, particularly in regions like the United Provinces, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh.
    • Refused to pay land revenue and chaukidari tax as part of widespread no-tax campaigns.
  • Workers (Labour):
    • Coincided with a large-scale labour upsurge, notably textile workers' strikes in Sholapur, Maharashtra, and other industrial centers.
    • Engaged in strikes, demonstrations, and active participation against colonial rule.
  • Tribals:
    • Participated primarily through 'forest satyagrahas,' defying oppressive forest laws and regulations imposed by the colonial government.
  • Merchants (Business Groups):
    • Initially showed a massive response and support, actively participating in the boycott of foreign goods.
    • Provided financial and logistical assistance, though some sections later became ambivalent due to economic pressures and the movement's radicalization.

Regional Movements concurrent with CDM: Khudai Khidmatgar (Red Shirts), Naga Movement (Rani Gaidinliu)

  • Khudai Khidmatgar (Red Shirts):
    • Founded by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (also known as Badshah Khan).
    • Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is popularly known as 'Frontier Gandhi'.
    • Movement was concurrent with the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM).
    • Based primarily in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Northwestern region).
    • Members were also known as 'Red Shirts' (Lal Kurti Dal) due to their distinctive red-colored shirts.
    • Advocated for Pathan regional nationalist unity and a non-violent struggle against colonialism, aligning with Gandhi's principles.
    • Meaning of Khudai Khidmatgar: 'Servants of God'.
  • Naga Movement (Rani Gaidinliu):
    • Led by Rani Gaidinliu among the Zeliangrong Nagas of Manipur.
    • Movement started in the early 1930s, concurrent with the CDM.
    • Inspired by her cousin Haipou Jadonang's Heraka Movement (a socio-religious and political movement).
    • Aimed at driving out the British and establishing an independent Naga Raj.
    • Rani Gaidinliu led a guerilla movement against the British and opposed Christian missionaries.
    • Arrested in 1932 and sentenced to life imprisonment; released only after India's independence in 1947.
    • Jawaharlal Nehru conferred the title 'Rani' upon her.

Revival of the Civil Disobedience Movement (Second Phase): Reasons, nature, and government reaction

  • General Context: The Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) was initially launched in 1930, famously beginning with the breaking of salt laws.
  • Reasons for Revival (Second Phase, Jan 1932):
  • Failure of the Second Round Table Conference (Sept-Dec 1931) as the British Government refused to concede basic nationalist demands for freedom and constitutional reforms; Gandhiji returned empty-handed.
  • Viceroy Lord Willingdon adopted a severe repressive policy, an "ordinance raj," against nationalist activities, suppressing peasant movements and jailing leaders even before Gandhiji's return.
  • Congress Working Committee, facing renewed repression and a lack of governmental goodwill, resolved to resume the CDM on December 29, 1931.
  • Nature of the Movement (Second Phase, Jan 1932 - May 1934):
  • Re-launched in January 1932.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was arrested on January 4, 1932, immediately after his return, followed by the swift arrest of most prominent leaders.
  • The Congress and its allied organizations were declared illegal.
  • Activists focused on defying repressive ordinances, non-payment of taxes, picketing of foreign goods, and forest laws.
  • Dr. Radhabai was arrested on February 12, 1932, while leading a procession during this phase.
  • Despite the severe repression, the movement continued with defiance, though it struggled to maintain the same level of spontaneous mass participation as in 1930.
  • The movement was officially suspended in May 1933 and formally withdrawn in May 1934.
  • Government Reaction (Willingdon's "Ordinance Raj"):
  • The government's policy was one of ruthless suppression, not reconciliation, aiming to crush the movement completely.
  • Extraordinary powers were granted to the executive and police through a series of ordinances, leading to widespread arrests (over 120,000 in the first year).
  • Severe measures included lathi-charges, firing, confiscation of property, and comprehensive press censorship.

Spread of Salt Satyagraha across different regions (e.g., Dharasana, C. Rajagopalachari's March, K. Kelappan)

  • C. Rajagopalachari led the Salt March in Tamil Nadu from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam (Tanjore coast) in April 1930.
  • C. Rajagopalachari was selected as the President of the Council of Action, Tamil Nadu Congress Committee, for executing civil disobedience in 1930.
  • K. Kamaraj participated in Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha and was imprisoned in Alipur prison.
  • K. Kelappan led the Salt Satyagraha march in Kerala from Calicut to Payyanur.
  • Mahadev Lal Sarraf led the Salt Satyagraha in Bhagalpur.
  • Gandhiji decided to take possession of Dharasana and Vadala salt works as the next programme after Dandi Satyagraha.
  • Upon Gandhiji's arrest during Salt Satyagraha, Abbas Tyabji initially took his place as leader, followed by Sarojini Naidu.
  • Key leaders of the Dharasana Satyagraha included Sarojini Naidu, Manilal Gandhi, and Imam Saheb.
  • Mahatma Gandhi was in Yerawada Jail when the raid by Congress volunteers occurred on the Dharasana Salt Depot.
  • Web Miller was the foreign journalist who reported about the Satyagraha at Dharasana salt works.
  • Prominent women participants in the Salt Satyagraha included Sarojini Naidu, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, and Kamladevi Chattopadhyaya.
  • Gangadhar Rao Deshpande auctioned salt at Belgaum and broke the Salt Law in April 1930 (Karnataka).
  • T. Siddalingaiah presided over the Flag Satyagraha movement organized by the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC) at Shivapura.

33. Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Practice MCQs: Civil Disobedience Movement

Background to the Civil Disobedience Movement (Simon Commission, Nehru Report, Lahore Session)

  1. Arrange the following events in chronological order and choose the correct answer from the codes given below. 1) Second Round Table Conference 2) Event of Chauri Chaura 3) Dandi March 4) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Codes :

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2017

    1. 2, 1, 4 and 3
    2. 4, 2, 3 and 1
    3. 3, 1, 4 and 2
    4. 1, 2, 4 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 4, 2, 3 and 1

    - The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a brutal incident where British troops fired on a large crowd in Amritsar. - The Chauri Chaura incident, where protesters clashed with police leading to deaths, led Gandhiji to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement. - The Dandi March was a protest against the salt tax, marking the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. - The Second Round Table Conference was held in London, attended by Gandhiji as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.

  2. Congress had decided to start First Civil Disobedience at :

    Asked in: OPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. Allahabad
    2. Bombay
    3. Surat
    4. Bardoli
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Bardoli

    Gandhi had selected Bardoli taluka in Gujarat to initiate this "No Tax" campaign as part of a planned Civil Disobedience movement before the Chauri Chaura violence led him to suspend the entire Non- Cooperation movement including the planned Bardoli satyagraha. While the major Civil Disobedience movement is associated with the Dandi March of 1930, this question refers to the earlier planned movement after Non-Cooperation.

  3. At which Congress session was the working committee authorised to launch a program of Civil Disobedience ?

    Asked in: Senior Physical Education Teacher Exam 2022

    1. Nagpur
    2. Madras
    3. Lahore
    4. Lucknow
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Lahore

    The Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, was a landmark event. It was here that the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' (complete independence) was adopted, and the working committee was empowered to launch a civil disobedience movement.

  4. Consider the following statements and identify the correct statements from the codes given below : (i) Civil Disobedience Movement began with the famous 'Dandi March' led by Mahatma Gandhi. (ii) In the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress, the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' was placed. (iii) The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in India. (iv) Deendayal Upadhyaya is the author of the book, The Indian War of Independence. Codes : (A) All statements are correct (B) (i), (ii) and (iii) only (C) (i) and (ii) only (D) (ii) and (iii) only

    Asked in: EI GS T&TR Transport Deptt 2702 2025

    1. All statements are correct
    2. (i), (ii) and (iii) only
    3. (i) and (ii) only
    4. (ii) and (iii) only
    Show answer

    Answer: B. (i), (ii) and (iii) only

    Key events in India's freedom struggle: Dandi March initiated Civil Disobedience Movement, Lahore Session declared Purna Swaraj, Champaran Satyagraha was Gandhi's first mass Satyagraha in India, and V.D. Savarkar authored 'The Indian War of Independence'.

First and Second Round Table Conferences: Congress's participation and outcomes

  1. Consider the following statements. Assertion (A) : Gandhijiji started civil-disobedience movement in 1930. Reason (R) : Therefore, the Indian National Congress party did not participate in the first round table conference held in 1930.

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2014

    1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
    2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
    3. (A) is true but (R) is false
    4. (A) is false but (R) is true
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

    - The Civil Disobedience Movement began in 1930 (with the Dandi March). (Assertion True) - The Indian National Congress boycotted the First Round Table Conference (Nov 1930 - Jan 1931). (Reason True) - The CDM was the primary reason for Congress boycotting the First RTC. (Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion)

Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact): Provisions, significance, and criticisms

  1. Arrange the following events in a chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given below: I. Poona Pact II. Gandhi-Irwin Agreement III. Cripps Mission IV. Civil Disobedience Movement

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2019

    1. I, II, III, IV
    2. IV, III, II, I
    3. II, IV, I, III
    4. IV, II, I, III
    Show answer

    Answer: D. IV, II, I, III

    - Civil Disobedience Movement (IV): This movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi with the Dandi March in March 1930. - Gandhi-Irwin Agreement (II): This pact was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin, leading to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement. - Poona Pact (I): This agreement was signed in September 1932 between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar concerning the reservation of electoral seats for depressed classes, following Gandhi's fast against the Communal Award. - Cripps Mission (III): Led by Sir Stafford Cripps, this mission came to India in March 1942 during World War II to secure Indian cooperation by offering post-war dominion status and constitution- making rights. - The correct chronological order is IV (1930), II (1931), I (1932), III (1942). This sequence corresponds to option D.

  2. Arrange the following events in chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given below. 1. Gandhi-Irwin agreement 2. Poona Pact 3. Declaration of complete National Independence 4. Civil Disobedience Campaign Codes:

    Asked in: RO ARO 2020

    1. 3, 4, 1, 2
    2. 2, 1, 4, 3
    3. 2, 1, 3, 4
    4. 4, 3, 1, 2
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 3, 4, 1, 2

    This question tests knowledge of the timeline of major events in the Indian independence movement.

Impact and Significance: Achievements, limitations, contribution to mass mobilization and nationalist sentiment

  1. What was the ultimate goal of Gandhiji's Salt Satyagraha?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 63rd

    1. Repeal of Salt laws
    2. Curtailment of the government's power
    3. Economic relief to the common people
    4. 'Purna Swaraj' for India
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 'Purna Swaraj' for India

    - The Salt Satyagraha was the first phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34). - The Indian National Congress had declared 'Purna Swaraj' as its goal at the Lahore Session in December 1929. - The Civil Disobedience Movement, starting with the Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha), was initiated to achieve this declared goal of complete independence.

  2. What was the aim of the Civil Disobedience Movement ? A) Paralysing the administration by taking law into the hands. B) Make the government concede more demands. C) Secure a place for the Congress in the Round Table Conference. D) To popularise individual Satyagraha.

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2013

    1. Paralysing the administration by taking law into the hands.
    2. Make the government concede more demands.
    3. Secure a place for the Congress in the Round Table Conference.
    4. To popularise individual Satyagraha.
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Make the government concede more demands.

    The Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), launched in 1930, aimed to pressure the British government through non-violent means (satyagraha) to achieve significant political reforms and move towards Swaraj (self-rule). By breaking specific unjust laws (starting with the salt law), the movement sought to make the administration difficult and compel the government to negotiate and concede to Indian demands, ultimately leading to greater self-governance or independence.

  3. Which of the following non-violent movements led by Mahatma Gandhi against the British Raj, you would rank as the most effective to mobilize the masses ?

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2014

    1. Quit India Movement
    2. Swadesi use and Boycott of foreign goods Movement
    3. Civil Disobedience Movement
    4. Fasting
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Civil Disobedience Movement

    - The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934), initiated with the Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March), marked a significant turning point by directly challenging British laws and involving widespread participation across various sections of society, including women and villagers in large numbers. - While the Quit India Movement (1942) saw intense mass struggle, it also involved significant violence and was launched after the arrest of top leaders, limiting Gandhi's direct non-violent leadership throughout its course. - The Swadeshi and Boycott tactics were components of earlier movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, rather than a standalone movement of the same scale. - Fasting was a tactic used by Gandhi for specific purposes (like communal harmony, or to pressurize authorities/followers), not a mass movement in itself.

  4. Which one of the following Princely States did NOT support the Congress during the course of the Civil Disobedience Movement ?

    Asked in: UPSC NDA 1 2017

    1. Bhavnagar
    2. Mysore
    3. Junagadh
    4. Kathiawar
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Junagadh

    Princely states were under British paramountcy and their rulers were generally loyal to the British Crown. Supporting the Indian National Congress's Civil Disobedience Movement, which aimed to challenge British rule, would have been an act against the paramount power, which no ruler would officially endorse. Therefore, none of the princely states supported Congress against the British. The question is likely asking which one most clearly exemplified the stance of non-support, or perhaps had a ruler particularly known for their antagonism towards the nationalist movement.

  5. At the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement Gandhiji took out a padyatra against untouchability. His first padyatra was undertaken in 1934 in

    Asked in: OPSC CS Prelims 2023

    1. Nagpur
    2. Noakhali
    3. Jharsuguda
    4. Thanjavur
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Jharsuguda

    The Harijan Tour (1933-34) was a major effort by Gandhi to campaign against untouchability and advocate for the rights of Harijans.

  6. The Salt Satyagraha

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2013

    1. encouraged Indians to manufacture salt
    2. showed to the government that Indians would break unfair laws
    3. proved that Mahatma Gandhi was a mass lead‐ er
    4. was designed to destroy the finances of the colonial government
    Show answer

    Answer: B. showed to the government that Indians would break unfair laws

    - The Salt Satyagraha was a form of civil disobedience against the British salt law. - Breaking the law (making salt) was the central action. - The goal was to demonstrate the willingness of Indians to defy unjust authority non-violently.

  7. With reference to the British colonial rule in India, consider the following statements : Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in the abolition of the system of 'indentured labour'. In Lord Chelmsford's 'War Conference', Mahatma Gandhi did not support the resolution on recruiting Indians for World War. Consequent upon the breaking of Salt Law by Indian people, the Indian National Congress was declared illegal by the colonial rulers. Which of the statements given above are correct?

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2019

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1 and 3 only

    Gandhi opposed indentured labour, supported WWI recruitment initially, and INC was banned after the Salt Satyagraha.

Launch of the Movement: The Dandi March and Salt Satyagraha

  1. Which one of the following statements is not correct Statement 1: Civil Disobedience Movement was started based on the issue of salt. Statement 2: Dandi March was started from Gandhiji's Ashram at Wardha. Statement 3: Gandhi violated the Salt Laws on April 6, 1930. Statement 4: Salt March was widely covered by the European and American press.

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2013

    1. Statement 1, 2 and 3
    2. Statement 1 and 2
    3. Statement 2
    4. Statement 4
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Statement 2

    The Civil Disobedience Movement commenced with the Dandi March (Salt March). This march started on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and concluded on April 6, 1930, at Dandi, a coastal village. The movement was indeed centered around the issue of the British salt monopoly and tax (Statement 1 is correct). Gandhi deliberately broke the salt law on April 6, 1930, by making salt from seawater (Statement 3 is correct). The event garnered significant international attention and was widely reported by the foreign press (Statement 4 is correct).

  2. Which one of the following began with the Dandi March?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2015 · WBPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. Home Rule Movement
    2. Non-Cooperation Movement
    3. Quit India Movement
    4. Civil Disobedience Movement
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Civil Disobedience Movement

    The Dandi March, also known as the Salt March, was a 240-mile (386 km) march led by Mahatma Gandhi from his ashram at Sabarmati to the coastal village of Dandi. It started on March 12, 1930, and concluded on April 6, 1930, when Gandhi symbolically violated the British salt law by making salt from seawater. This act triggered widespread civil disobedience across India.

  3. In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi started Civil Disobedience Movement from

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2016

    1. Sevagram
    2. Dandi
    3. Wardha
    4. Sabarmati
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Sabarmati

    The movement began with the famous Dandi March (Salt March) on March 12, 1930, which commenced from Gandhi's ashram, Sabarmati Ashram, located near Ahmedabad.

  4. In 1930, from where Mahatma Gandhi started the Civil Disobedience Movement?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 65th

    1. Wardha
    2. Dandi
    3. Sevagram
    4. Sabarmati
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Sabarmati

    Mahatma Gandhi started the famous Dandi March on March 12, 1930, from his Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad, initiating the Civil Disobedience Movement.

  5. For how many days did Dandi March last?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 66th

    1. 10 days
    2. 20 days
    3. 24 days
    4. 30 days
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 24 days

    The Dandi March, also known as the Salt March, was led by Mahatma Gandhi. It began on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Gandhi reached Dandi on April 5, 1930.

  6. Consider the following statements about the Salt March : 1. The Salt March was deliberately ignored by the European media. 2. The Salt March was widely covered by the American and European press. 3. The Salt March was the first nationalist activity in which women participated in large numbers. 4. The Salt March impressed upon the British the urgent need to devolve more power to Indians. Which of the statements given above are correct?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2017

    1. 1, 2 and 4
    2. 2, 3 and 4
    3. 3 and 4 only
    4. 2 and 3 only
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 2, 3 and 4

    - Statement 1 is incorrect because the Salt March received significant attention from international media, including American and European press, bringing the Indian independence struggle to global prominence. - Statement 2 is correct. The extensive coverage by the foreign press was a key factor in highlighting the non-violent nature of the movement and the oppressive British rule. - Statement 3 is generally considered correct. While women participated in earlier nationalist movements, the Salt March and the subsequent Civil Disobedience movement saw women participate in mass numbers for the first time, taking active roles like picketing, leading processions, and manufacturing salt. - Statement 4 is correct. The widespread participation in the Salt March and the Civil Disobedience movement demonstrated the strong nationalist sentiment across India and pressured the British government to engage in negotiations and consider constitutional reforms aimed at devolving more power, leading to the Round Table Conferences and later developments.

  7. Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March, a great event in Indian freedom struggle, was associated with

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2020

    1. iron
    2. sodium chloride
    3. sulphur
    4. aluminium
    Show answer

    Answer: B. sodium chloride

    - The Dandi March was a protest against the British salt monopoly and tax. - The act of civil disobedience involved making salt from seawater. - Salt is chemically primarily sodium chloride.

  8. Mahatma Gandhi reached Dandi on ________, 1930.

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024

    1. March 6
    2. April 6
    3. March 12
    4. May 12
    Show answer

    Answer: B. April 6

    The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March, began from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930. Gandhi and his followers marched approximately 240 miles to the coastal village of Dandi. The purpose was to openly defy the British salt monopoly and salt tax, symbolizing resistance against unjust laws.

  9. From which place did Gandhiji start his Dandi March to the sea ?

    Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2011

    1. Wardha
    2. Sabarmati
    3. Kheda
    4. Ahmedabad
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Sabarmati

    The Dandi March was a nonviolent protest against the British salt tax and a key event of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Gandhiji, along with a group of followers, marched about 240 miles to the coastal village of Dandi.

  10. Gandhiji's famous Dandi March in March 1930 heralded the start of which movement ?

    Asked in: HAS Prelims 2019

    1. Satyagraha
    2. Quit India Movement
    3. Direct Action Day
    4. Civil Disobedience Movement
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Civil Disobedience Movement

    The Dandi March, also known as the Salt March or Salt Satyagraha, was explicitly designed by Gandhi to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was a non-violent protest aimed at challenging specific unjust British laws and galvanizing mass participation in the independence struggle.

Other Forms of Civil Disobedience: Boycott of foreign goods, no-tax campaigns (Chowkidari tax, land revenue), forest laws violation, picketing of liquor shops

  1. Match the following Forest Satyagrahas under the Civil Disobedience Movement with the date of their beginning: (a) Rudri Jungle (i) 3 August, 1930 Satyagraha (b) Podi Jungle Satyagraha (ii) 9 September, 1930 (c) Tamora Jungle (iii) 7 October, Satyagraha 1930 (d) Pakariya Jungle (iv) 22 August, Satyagraha 1930

    Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2022

    1. (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)
    2. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
    3. (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
    4. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
    Show answer

    Answer: A. (iv), (i), (iii), (ii)

    During the Civil Disobedience Movement, several Forest Satyagrahas took place in Chhattisgarh. The correct starting dates are: (a) Rudri Jungle Satyagraha (Dhamtari) - 22 August, 1930 (iv). (b) Podi Jungle Satyagraha (Bilaspur) - 3 August, 1930 (i). (c) Tamora Jungle Satyagraha (Mahasamund) - 7 October, 1930 (iii). (d) Pakariya Jungle Satyagraha (Bilaspur) - 9 September, 1930 (ii).

  2. Which one of the following was NOT the fallout of Gandhiji’s Salt Satyagraha?

    Asked in: UPSC Geoscientist 2021

    1. Refusal to pay the rural chaukidari tax in east‐ ern India
    2. Defiance of forest laws in Maharashtra
    3. Picketing of shops selling foreign liquors by women
    4. Declaration that no Indians should serve in the British-Indian Government
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Declaration that no Indians should serve in the British-Indian Government

    The Salt Satyagraha and the Civil Disobedience Movement involved widespread defiance of specific unjust laws, including the salt law, forest laws, and refusal to pay certain taxes like the chaukidari tax. Picketing of foreign goods and liquor shops by women was also a significant feature.

  3. Who among the following actively participated in the programmes of Civil Disobedience Movement in Ajmer ? A. Gokul Rao Asawa B. Master Laxmi Narain C. Chandrabhan Sharma D. Krishan Gopal Garg Choose the correct answer : - Question not attempted

    Asked in: Exam 2024 Group e 2024

    1. A and B
    2. B and C
    3. C and D
    4. A, B, C and D
    Show answer

    Answer: D. A, B, C and D

    Lecturer and Coach (School Edu. Dept.) Comp. Gokul Rao Asawa, Master Laxmi Narain, Chandrabhan Sharma, and Krishan Gopal Garg were all active participants in the Civil Disobedience Movement in Ajmer.

  4. Who among the following was not arrested in 1931 while boycotting the British clothes ?

    Asked in: Draftsman Examination 2023

    1. Kunti Verma
    2. Mangla Devi
    3. Bhagirathi Devi
    4. Homvati Devi
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Bhagirathi Devi

    Kunti Verma, Mangla Devi, and Homvati Devi were arrested in 1931 while boycotting British clothes. Bhagirathi Devi was not arrested on this occasion.

Participation of various sections: Women, students, peasants, workers, tribals, merchants

  1. Who among the following socialist activists persuaded Gandhiji not to restrict the salt march protest to men alone ?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2021

    1. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
    2. Sarojini Naidu
    3. Matangini Hazra
    4. Mithuben Petit
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay

    - The Salt March (Dandi March) was a major act of nonviolent civil disobedience led by Gandhi in

  2. - Women played a significant role in the Civil Disobedience Movement, including picketing liquor shops and foreign cloth shops. 65. Who from the following women inspired the womanhood to fight the non-violent war of independence ? Options are based on combinations of the following women: (a) Kamladevi (b) Hansa Mehta (c) Ratanben Mehta (d) Ramibai Kamdar (e) Laxmibai Garde

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2020

    1. (a), (c) and (e) only
    2. (b), (c), (d) and (e) only
    3. (a), (b), (c) and (d) only
    4. (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)
    Show answer

    Answer: D. (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)

    - (a) Kamladevi (Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay): A prominent socialist, feminist, and freedom fighter. She played a crucial role in mobilizing women during the Civil Disobedience Movement and Salt Satyagraha and worked extensively for women's rights and social upliftment. She was a highly inspiring figure for Indian women. - (b) Hansa Mehta: A freedom fighter, writer, and social reformer. She was actively involved in the independence movement and later contributed significantly to education and women's rights in independent India. She inspired women through her activism and public life. - (c) Ratanben Mehta: Associated with Gandhiji and constructive work. She was involved in the Khadi movement and worked among women, contributing to their empowerment through Gandhian programs. - (d) Ramibai Kamdar: A lesser- known figure but associated with Gandhiji and his movements, likely involved in local or regional mobilization efforts targeting women. - (e) Laxmibai Garde: Involved in the freedom struggle, potentially active in specific regions or movements, contributing to inspiring women's participation.

  3. Which of the following statements with regards to the Civil Disobedience movement is/are correct ? 1. The movement received massive response from business groups and peasantry 2. The movement coincided with large scale labour upsurge in Maharashtra 3. The movement was marked by the mass participation of lawyers and students Select the correct answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC NDA 2 2016

    1. 1 only
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 2 and 3 only

    The Civil Disobedience Movement saw widespread participation from diverse sections of society including peasants, students, women, and urban populations. Lawyers boycotting courts and students leaving schools/colleges were specific programmes of the movement. While labour movements had their own drivers, significant unrest in major industrial areas coincided temporally with the CDM.

  4. Which of the following movements drew women out from the seclusion of home ? Select the correct answer from the codes given below : 1. Swadeshi Movement 2. Home Rule Movement 3. Non-Cooperation Movement 4. Civil Disobedience Movement Codes :

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2012

    1. 1 and 3 only
    2. 2 and 4 only
    3. 3 and 4 only
    4. 1.2. 3 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1.2. 3 and 4

    All four listed movements significantly contributed to drawing women out of the traditional seclusion of their homes and into public life and political activism. The Swadeshi Movement saw women participating in picketing and rallies. The Home Rule Movement involved women like Annie Besant and Sarojini Naidu in leadership and propaganda. The Non-Cooperation Movement brought women into activities like spinning and picketing liquor shops. The Civil Disobedience Movement, particularly the Salt Satyagraha, saw massive and widespread participation of women across different strata of society.

Regional Movements concurrent with CDM: Khudai Khidmatgar (Red Shirts), Naga Movement (Rani Gaidinliu)

  1. Who is known as 'Frontier Gandhi'?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 67th Re Exam

    1. Shaukat Ali
    2. Abul Kalam Azad
    3. Abdul Gaffar Khan
    4. M. A. Jinnah
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Abdul Gaffar Khan

    - Known as 'Frontier Gandhi'. - Name: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. - Practised nonviolence like Gandhi. - Active in North-West Frontier Province.

  2. The Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of the God) was organized by

    Asked in: UPSC NDA 1 2022

    1. Mahatma Gandhi
    2. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
    3. M. A. Jinnah
    4. M. M. Malaviya
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

    Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Bacha Khan or Frontier Gandhi, founded this non-violent Pashtun movement in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) of British India. Its members wore red shirts and were dedicated to non-violent resistance against British rule.

  3. "Khudai Khidmatgar" movement was organised by

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2017

    1. Abdul Gaffar Khan
    2. Syed Ahmed Khan
    3. Liaquat Ali Khan
    4. Muhammed Iqbal
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Abdul Gaffar Khan

    The "Khudai Khidmatgar" (Servants of God) movement was a non-violent Pashtun movement against British rule in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi or Bacha Khan.

  4. The "Khuda-i Khidmatgar" (Servants of God) was founded by –

    Asked in: UKPSC CS Prelims 2024

    1. Shaukat Ali
    2. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
    3. M.A. Jinnah
    4. M.A. Ansari
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

    Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, also known as "Frontier Gandhi," founded the Khuda-i Khidmatgar movement in the North-West Frontier Province of British India. It was a non-violent resistance movement against British rule.

  5. During the Indian freedom struggle, the Khudai Khidmatgars, also known as Red Shirts, called for

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2002

    1. the Union of Pashtun tribal areas in north-west with the Afghanistan
    2. the adoption of terrorist tactics and methods for terrorising and finally ousting the colonial rulers
    3. the adoption of communist revolutionary ideo‐ logy for political and social reform
    4. the Pathan regional nationalist unity and a struggle against colonialism
    Show answer

    Answer: D. the Pathan regional nationalist unity and a struggle against colonialism

    The Khudai Khidmatgars ("Servants of God") was a movement of Pashtuns (Pathans) in the North-West Frontier Province of British India. Founded by Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as "Frontier Gandhi," the movement was committed to non-violent resistance against British rule, aligning with Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. They promoted Pashtun unity and identity while working towards independence. Their distinctive red uniforms earned them the name "Red Shirts."

  6. Who was known as the 'Frontier Gandhi'?

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2023

    1. Rashbehari Bose
    2. Mannabendranath Roy
    3. Barin Ghosh
    4. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

    He was a Pashtun leader and independence activist in British India's North-West Frontier Province, known for his non-violent opposition to British rule through the Khudai Khidmatgar movement (Servants of God).

  7. Who founded the 'Khudai Khidmatgar'?

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2023

    1. Md Ali Jinnah
    2. Salimullah
    3. Saiyad Brothers
    4. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

    It was a non-violent Pashtun movement aligned with the Indian National Congress and played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. Its members wore red shirts, earning them the nickname 'Red Shirts'.

  8. In which region did the ‘Lal Kurti Dal’ play an important role in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Northwestern region Malabar region Noakhali region Tanjore region - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Assistant Archivist) 2024

    1. (1)
    2. (2)
    3. (3)
    4. (4)
    Show answer

    Answer: A. (1)

    The 'Lal Kurti Dal' was an organization inspired by the Khudai Khidmatgar movement led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. They were Pashtun nationalists who advocated for non-violent resistance against British rule. Their activities were concentrated in the NWFP.

Revival of the Civil Disobedience Movement (Second Phase): Reasons, nature, and government reaction

  1. Which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. During the Second Round Table Conference held in London in 1931, the British Government refused to accept the basic nationalist demand for freedom. 2. India was granted dominion status in 1932. 3. Viceroy Lord Willingdon adopted a policy of reconciliation with Congress. 4. The Civil Disobedience Movement was started with the breaking of salt laws. Select the answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2024

    1. 2 and 3 only
    2. 4 only
    3. 1 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1 and 4 only

    - Second RTC did not grant independence. - Dominion status was granted in 1947, not 1932. - Lord Willingdon adopted a policy of repression, not reconciliation. - CDM started with the breaking of salt laws (Dandi March).

  2. When was Dr. Radhabai arrested while leading procession in the Second Civil Disobedience Movement?

    Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2021

    1. 12 February, 1932
    2. 16 March, 1932
    3. 19 April, 1932
    4. 13 June, 1932
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 16 March, 1932

    This question is about the role of women and specific events during the Civil Disobedience Movement in Chhattisgarh.

  3. Under whose leadership the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in February, 1939 to give lawful recognition to Jaipur Prajamandal ? - Question not attempted

    Asked in: Sr. Teacher (Sec. Edu.) Comp. Exam 2024 group a 2024

    1. Gulab Chand Chowdhry
    2. Jamnalal Bajaj
    3. Kundan Lal
    4. Raj Kumar Hardayal
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Jamnalal Bajaj

    This question focuses on the Prajamandal movements in the princely states of Rajasthan and their leadership during the freedom struggle. It specifically highlights the Jaipur Prajamandal's struggle for legal recognition.

Spread of Salt Satyagraha across different regions (e.g., Dharasana, C. Rajagopalachari's March, K. Kelappan)

  1. Who among the following orgaized a march on the Tanjore Coast to break the Salt Law in April, 1930?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2016

    1. V. O. Chidambaram
    2. K. Kamraj
    3. C. Rajagopalachari
    4. Annie Besant
    Show answer

    Answer: C. C. Rajagopalachari

    The march started from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam on the Tanjore Coast, mirroring Gandhi's Dandi March in Gujarat. Rajaji and his followers defied the salt law by manufacturing salt illegally.

  2. Who led the Salt Satyagraha in Bhagalpur?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 65th

    1. Shri Krishna Singh
    2. Mahadev Lal Sarraf
    3. Kumar Mishra
    4. Satyanarayan
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Mahadev Lal Sarraf

    During the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), the Salt Satyagraha was carried out in various parts of India. In Bhagalpur, Bihar, Mahadev Lal Sarraf played a prominent role in leading the local participation in the movement by defying the salt laws.

  3. At which of the following places did Gandhiji decide to take the possession of Salt works as the next programme of Dandi Satyagrah?

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2022

    1. Dharasana
    2. Vadala
    3. Both (A) and (B)
    4. Neither (A) nor (B)
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both (A) and (B)

    Following the conclusion of the Dandi March, Gandhiji planned the continuation of the Salt Satyagraha through non-violent raids on government salt works. Dharasana was a primary target announced by Gandhi, and Wadala also became a major site of similar actions shortly after.

  4. Who organised a march on Tanjore coast to break the Salt law in April 1930?

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2023

    1. V.O. Chidambaram Pillai
    2. C. Rajgopalachari
    3. K. Kamaraj
    4. Annie Besant
    Show answer

    Answer: B. C. Rajgopalachari

    Following Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March to break the Salt Law on the west coast, similar marches were organized in various parts of India as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement. C. Rajagopalachari, a prominent leader from Madras Presidency, led the march from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam on the Tanjore coast to illegally manufacture salt.

  5. Who among the following participated in the Salt Satyagraha of Gandhi ?

    Asked in: JPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. Sarojini Naidu
    2. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
    3. Kamladevi Chattopadhyaya
    4. All of these
    Show answer

    Answer: D. All of these

    Sarojini Naidu, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, and Kamladevi Chattopadhyaya were all prominent women leaders who actively participated in the Salt Satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. Sarojini Naidu notably took charge of the Dharasana Satyagraha after Gandhi's arrest. Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was a close follower of Gandhi and was also involved. Kamladevi Chattopadhyaya is known for attempting to sell illegally manufactured salt on Bombay's beaches to defy the British salt law.

  6. Who auctioned salt at Belgaum and broke the Salt law in April, 1930 ?

    Asked in: KPSC KAS Prelims 2014

    1. Karnad Sadashiva Rao
    2. R.R. Diwakar
    3. Hanumantha Rao Kaujalagi
    4. Gangadhar Rao Deshpande
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Gangadhar Rao Deshpande

    During the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930, while Mahatma Gandhi led the Dandi March in Gujarat, parallel Salt Satyagrahas and other forms of protest were organized across India. In Karnataka, the movement was particularly active in the northern districts like Belgaum and North Kanara (now Uttara Kannada). Gangadhar Rao Deshpande, a prominent Congress leader from Karnataka known as the 'Lion of Karnataka', was instrumental in organizing and leading the Salt Satyagraha and other civil disobedience activities in the region, including breaking the salt law in places like Ankola and likely also in Belgaum during April 1930.

  7. Who presided over the Flag Satyagraha movement organized by the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC) at Shivapura ?

    Asked in: KPSC KAS Prelims 2015

    1. Mailara Mahadevappa
    2. Mahatma Gandhi
    3. T. Siddalingaiah
    4. K.C. Reddy
    Show answer

    Answer: C. T. Siddalingaiah

    The Shivapura session was a significant event in the freedom struggle in the princely state of Mysore. Despite the Dewan of Mysore's order prohibiting the hoisting of the national flag, the Mysore Congress decided to defy the order and hold its session at Shivapura, near Mandya. Thousands of people gathered, and the national flag was hoisted for the first time in the state.

  8. Which day was celebrated as 'Akhila- Karnataka Satyagraha Day', during Freedom Movement ?

    Asked in: KPSC KAS Prelims 2017

    1. 12 December
    2. 12 January
    3. 12 July
    4. 12 September
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 12 July

    The Hubli Flag Satyagraha in 1924 was a protest against the ban on hoisting the national flag on municipal buildings. This event is considered an important part of the freedom movement in Karnataka.

  9. Inspired by the Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi, in Tamilnadu, C Rajagopalachari led a salt march from

    Asked in: UPSC NDA 2 2024

    1. Tirunelveli to Nagercoil
    2. Kanchipuram to Mahabalipuram
    3. Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on Tanjore coast
    4. Chennai to Vellore
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on Tanjore coast

    Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March in 1930, C. Rajagopalachari organized a similar salt march in South India, specifically in Tamil Nadu. This march is known as the Vedaranyam Salt March.

  10. Who was selected as the President of Council of Action, which was constituted by TamilNadu Congress Committee to execute the civil disobedience in 1930?

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2022

    1. C. Rajagopalachari
    2. S. Sathyamurthi
    3. T.S.S. Rajan
    4. T. Prakasam
    Show answer

    Answer: A. C. Rajagopalachari

    C. Rajagopalachari played a vital role in extending the Civil Disobedience Movement to South India.