Gandhi-Irwin Pact is part of Modern History of India. Below are notes on 10 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.

Assessment of the Pact's immediate success and long-term failures

  • Immediate Successes:
    • Congress agreed to suspend Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and participate in the Second Round Table Conference (RTC).
    • Government agreed to release all political prisoners not convicted of violence.
    • Indians residing near coastal areas were permitted to make salt for domestic consumption (not for commercial sale).
    • Emergency ordinances were withdrawn, and confiscated properties were returned.
  • July 12 was celebrated as 'Akhila-Karnataka Satyagraha Day' during the Freedom Movement.
    • Permission granted for peaceful picketing.
  • Long-term Failures/Criticisms:
    • The pact did not address the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' (complete independence), which remained unaccepted by the British.
    • Viceroy Irwin refused to commute the death sentences of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru, despite Gandhi's appeals.
    • The salt tax was relaxed for domestic use, but the British government's monopoly on salt production remained, and the tax was not entirely abolished.
    • Many nationalists criticized the pact as Gandhi having given up too much for too little, especially concerning the non-release of all political prisoners and the lack of commitment on selfrule.

Background: Civil Disobedience Movement and First Round Table Conference

  • Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) launched on March 12, 1930, with the Dandi March.
  • CDM saw widespread participation, causing significant economic and administrative challenges for the British.
  • First Round Table Conference (FRTC) held in London from November 1930 to January 1931.
  • Congress boycotted the FRTC, demanding a clear promise of complete independence and an end to repression.
  • The absence of Congress rendered the FRTC largely unproductive, prompting the British government to seek a truce.
  • Efforts by liberal leaders like Tej Bahadur Sapru and M.R. Jayakar facilitated negotiations.
  • Gandhi and other Congress leaders were released from prison in January 1931 to enable talks.
  • The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact) was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin (Viceroy of India).

Commitments undertaken by the Indian National Congress

  • Congress agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM).
  • Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference in London.
  • Congress agreed to refrain from aggressive boycott of British goods.
  • Congress agreed not to press for an inquiry into police excesses.

Controversial aspects and criticisms of the Pact

  • Execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru: The pact failed to secure commutation of death sentences for Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru, whose execution on March 23, 1931, just after the pact, led to widespread public anger and strong criticism against Gandhi.
  • Failure to achieve Purna Swaraj: Critics argued that the pact only offered participation in the Second Round Table Conference for constitutional discussions, falling significantly short of the Congress's declared goal of Purna Swaraj (complete independence).
  • Suspension of Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM): Many nationalists criticized the suspension of the CDM, which was perceived to be gaining momentum, without securing more substantial concessions.
  • S.C. Bose's criticism: Subhas Chandra Bose famously termed Gandhi's gains from the pact as "Consolation Prizes," indicating his view of its limited achievements.
  • Disappointment among youth/radicals: The pact caused disillusionment among many young nationalists and radicals who felt betrayed, especially concerning the fate of the revolutionaries and the lack of progress towards complete independence.

Impact on the ongoing Civil Disobedience Movement

  • The Gandhi-Irwin Pact led to the suspension of the ongoing Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) by the Indian National Congress.
  • Mahatma Gandhi, representing the Congress, agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference in London.

Lord Irwin's initiatives and British overtures for talks

  • Following the failure of the First Round Table Conference (RTC) due to Congress's absence and the ongoing Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM), Viceroy Lord Irwin initiated overtures for talks.
  • Liberal leaders like Tej Bahadur Sapru, M.R. Jayakar, and V.S. Srinivasa Sastri facilitated negotiations between Congress and the British government.
  • On January 31, 1930, Gandhiji sent 11 specific demands to Irwin, including: abolition of Salt Tax, 50% reduction of land revenue, and total liquor prohibition.
  • "Complete internal autonomy to India" was NOT among the 11 specific demands put forth by Gandhiji for the pact.
  • The negotiations culminated in the GandhiIrwin Pact (also known as the Delhi Pact), signed on March 5, 1931.
  • Under the Pact, British (Irwin's) commitments included: Immediate release of all nonviolent political prisoners, permission for salt collection for personal use in coastal villages, right to peaceful and non-aggressive picketing, and withdrawal of emergency ordinances.
  • Congress's (Gandhi's) commitments included: Suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreement to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

Main provisions and clauses of the Delhi Pact

  • Signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin (Viceroy of India).
  • Also known as the Delhi Pact.
  • Context: Followed First Round Table Conference (RTC), paved the way for Congress participation in the Second RTC.
  • Government Concessions (Irwin):
  • Immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted of violence.
  • Withdrawal of all ordinances promulgated during the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM).
  • Withdrawal of all pending prosecutions related to the CDM.
  • Right to collect and make salt for personal consumption by villagers along the coast (not for commercial sale).
  • Return of confiscated lands not yet sold to third parties.
  • Remission of all fines not yet collected.
  • Lenient treatment of government servants who had resigned.
  • Right to peaceful picketing (non-aggressive, not obstructing) against liquor and foreign cloth shops.
  • Congress Concessions (Gandhi):
  • Suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
  • Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Agreed to discuss 'safeguards and reservations' regarding defence, external affairs, minorities, and the financial credit of India.
  • Key Demands NOT accepted by the Government:
  • Public inquiry into alleged police excesses.
  • Return of confiscated lands already sold to third parties.
  • Release of prisoners convicted of violence.
  • Reservation of seats for Depressed Classes was not a provision of this pact.

Role of the Pact in facilitating the Second Round Table Conference

  • Gandhi-Irwin Pact (Delhi Pact): Signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin.
  • Primary Role: To end the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and secure the Indian National Congress's (INC) participation in the Second Round Table Conference (RTC).
  • Government Concessions: Agreed to withdraw all ordinances, release political prisoners (not convicted of violence), allow peaceful picketing, and return confiscated properties.
  • Congress Concessions: Agreed to suspend the CDM and attend the Second RTC.
  • Execution of Revolutionaries: Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were executed on March 23, 1931, after the Pact but before the Karachi Session.
  • Karachi Session of INC: Held March 29-31, 1931, presided over by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. It formally endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and adopted resolutions on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Programme.
  • Second Round Table Conference (RTC): Held in London from September 7 to December 1, 1931. Mahatma Gandhi attended as the sole representative of the INC, directly fulfilling a condition of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
  • Outcome of Second RTC: Failed due to irreconcilable differences, particularly on the communal question and demands for separate electorates.
  • Poona Pact: Signed on September 24, 1932, between B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi, addressing separate electorates for depressed classes, after the Second RTC.
  • End of Civil Disobedience Movement: Finally and officially withdrawn in April 1934, after having been suspended by the GandhiIrwin Pact and briefly relaunched.

Significance and implications for the national movement

  • Pact signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin.
  • Elevated Status of INC: For the first time, the British government negotiated with the Indian National Congress (INC) on a footing of equality.
  • The pact acknowledged INC as a legitimate political entity and a formidable opponent, enhancing its prestige and authority to speak for political India.
  • Key Implication: The INC agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM).

34. Karachi Session of Congress (1931)

The Gandhi-Irwin negotiations: Key meetings and dialogue

  • Negotiations initiated after the First Round Table Conference's (RTC) failure and ongoing Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM).
  • Mediators: Tej Bahadur Sapru and M. R. Jayakar played crucial roles in facilitating talks between Congress and the British government.
  • Key Participants: Mahatma Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress; Viceroy Lord Irwin represented the British government.
  • Extensive dialogue and several meetings were held primarily in Delhi, leading to the pact being also known as the 'Delhi Pact'.
  • The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931.
  • Key outcome: Congress agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

al prisoners (not convicted of violence) and permit coastal salt collection.

    • The pact did not include commutation of death sentences for Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru.
  • Execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru: March 23, 1931.
  • Karachi Session of Congress (1931): Held March 26-31, 1931.
    • President: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
    • Endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, despite widespread public anger over the recent executions.
    • Passed historic resolutions on Fundamental Rights (e.g., freedom of speech, assembly, universal adult suffrage, equality) and a National Economic Programme (e.g., minimum wage, land reform, control of key industries). These resolutions were largely drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru.
    • Appointed Mahatma Gandhi as the sole Congress representative to the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Second Round Table Conference (RTC): Sept-Dec 1931; Gandhi attended but returned dissatisfied due to lack of agreement on responsible government and the Communal Award.
  • Poona Pact: Signed September 24, 1932, between Gandhi and Ambedkar, concerning reserved seats for Depressed Classes within joint electorates.
  • Third Round Table Conference: Nov-Dec 1932.
  • Individual Satyagraha: 1940.

Practice MCQs: Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Assessment of the Pact's immediate success and long-term failures

  1. What was the outcome of the Gandhi - Irwin Pact ?

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2013

    1. The demand for Purna Swaraj was accepted.
    2. Salt tax was abolished.
    3. Gandhiji resigned from Congress membership.
    4. None of the above.
    Show answer

    Answer: D. None of the above.

    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed in March 1931, led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and Congress agreeing to participate in the Second Round Table Conference. The pact's terms included the release of political prisoners not involved in violence, remission of fines not yet collected, return of confiscated land not sold to third parties, permission for peaceful picketing, and the right to collect or manufacture salt for consumption near coastal areas.

Background: Civil Disobedience Movement and First Round Table Conference

  1. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was concluded in

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2022

    1. 1930
    2. 1931
    3. 1932
    4. 1933
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1931

    The pact marked the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Key points included the release of political prisoners not convicted of violence, permission for coastal residents to collect salt, and the Indian National Congress agreeing to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

  2. When Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed?

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2023

    1. 1931
    2. 1930
    3. 1915
    4. 1919
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 1931

    The pact marked the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement (launched in 1930) and led to the participation of the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference in London.

  3. A Gandhi-Irvin Pact was made on

    Asked in: Sr. Teacher GR II 2011

    1. 11 March, 1932
    2. 29 April, 1929
    3. 5 March, 1931
    4. 11 September, 1931
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 5 March, 1931

    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement, and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India. It was signed during the period of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The pact led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and Gandhi's participation in the Second Round Table Conference in London.

Commitments undertaken by the Indian National Congress

  1. Which one of the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 is correct ?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2021

    1. The Government would not release those pris‐ oners who had been non-violent.
    2. The Government would not release those pris‐ oners who had indulged in the peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops.
    3. The Congress did not agree to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
    4. The Congress agreed to take part in the Second Round Table Conference.
    Show answer

    Answer: D. The Congress agreed to take part in the Second Round Table Conference.

    - The pact aimed to resolve the political impasse following the Civil Disobedience Movement. - Other provisions included the release of political prisoners not convicted of violence, the right to peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops, and the return of confiscated properties not yet sold.

Controversial aspects and criticisms of the Pact

  1. Who among the following stated Mahatma Gandhi's gains in the Gandhi-Irvin pact as "Consolation Prises"?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2014

    1. S.C.Bose
    2. Alan Campbell Johnson
    3. B.G. Horniman
    4. Sarojni Naidu
    Show answer

    Answer: A. S.C.Bose

    - The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931, leading to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement. - While the pact led to the release of political prisoners (except those accused of violence) and allowed coastal villagers to make salt for consumption, it did not address the core demand of Purna Swaraj (complete independence). - Critics, including Subhas Chandra Bose, felt that Gandhi had compromised too much and that the gains were insignificant compared to the sacrifices made during the movement. Bose famously used the term "consolation prizes" to describe the outcome for Gandhi and the Congress.

  2. Opposition to the Gandhi-Irwin pact was mainly

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2019

    1. because of the execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Raj Guru.
    2. because the I.N.C. reneged the Purna Swarajya pledge.
    3. because of suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
    4. because the Pact was a self delusion.
    Show answer

    Answer: A. because of the execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Raj Guru.

    - The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5,

Impact on the ongoing Civil Disobedience Movement

  1. "Gandhi-Irwin Pact" was associated to which of the following movement of India? - Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Research Scholar) 2024

    1. Rowlatt
    2. Non-Cooperation
    3. Quit India
    4. Civil Disobedience
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Civil Disobedience

    This question tests knowledge of significant agreements and their corresponding movements during India's freedom struggle. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact is a landmark event that marked a pause in mass civil disobedience.

Lord Irwin's initiatives and British overtures for talks

  1. Which of the following issues was not part of the demands, which Gandhiji sent to Governor- General Irwin ?

    Asked in: School Lecturer (School Edu.) 2018 2 2018

    1. Total liquor prohibition
    2. Reduction of land revenue by 50%
    3. Abolition of Salt Tax
    4. Complete internal autonomy to India
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Complete internal autonomy to India

    Gandhiji's Eleven Points were a set of demands presented to Viceroy Lord Irwin in 1930, which formed the basis for negotiations preceding the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Main provisions and clauses of the Delhi Pact

  1. Which one of the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact is *NOT* correct ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2015

    1. Gandhi wrote a letter seeking an interview with the Viceroy
    2. Civil Disobedience movement was to be dis‐ continued
    3. The imprisoned freedom fighters were to be released
    4. All the lands that had been confiscated were to be returned to the original owners
    Show answer

    Answer: D. All the lands that had been confiscated were to be returned to the original owners

    One of the terms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) regarding confiscated lands was that only those lands which had not been sold to third parties would be returned to the original owners. Lands already sold would not be returned.

  2. Which among the following was NOT the provision of the Gandhi-Irwin pact ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2017

    1. Immediate release of all political prisoners of the Civil Disobedience Movement
    2. Clause 2 of the March 1931 pact defined 're‐ servations and safe guards' to cover financial credit of India
    3. The return of confiscated land already sold to third parties
    4. Reservation of 18 per cent seats for Depressed classes
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Reservation of 18 per cent seats for Depressed classes

    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed on March 5, 1931, was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin to bring an end to the Civil Disobedience Movement. Its provisions included the participation of Congress in the Second Round Table Conference, withdrawal of ordinances, release of political prisoners (except those convicted of violence), return of confiscated property (except land sold to third parties), and permission to collect salt by the coast.

  3. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement 3. Acceptance of Gandhiji's suggestion for enquiry into police excesses 4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence Select the correct answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2020

    1. 1 only
    2. 1, 2 and 4 only
    3. 3 only
    4. 2, 3 and 4 only
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1, 2 and 4 only

    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, on March 5, 1931. It marked the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement and paved the way for Congress participation in the Second Round Table Conference. Statement 1 is correct: A key term of the pact was the British government's agreement to invite the Indian National Congress to participate in the upcoming Second Round Table Conference. Statement 2 is correct: The government agreed to withdraw all ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement that were not essential for normal administration. Statement 3 is incorrect: Gandhiji's demand for a public inquiry into police excesses during the movement was explicitly refused by Lord Irwin and was not included in the pact. Statement 4 is correct: The government agreed to release all political prisoners not convicted for violence. Prisoners charged with violence or inciting violence were not to be released under the pact.

  4. Which of the following statements is not correct in terms of Gandhi-Irwin Pact? (1) The Government also conceded the right to make salt for the consumption to villages along the coast. (2) It was signed after the First Round Table Conference. (3) Release of all the prisoners, arrested for political violence. (4) It was signed on 5th March, 1931. (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Research Officer) 2024

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 2 and 4 only
    4. 2, 3 and 4 only
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4 only

    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin. It was a significant agreement that led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Key aspects of the pact included: - Suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement by the Congress. - Release of all political prisoners arrested during the movement (except those convicted of violence). - The government conceded the right to make salt for consumption by coastal villagers and to collect salt from reserved areas. - The government agreed to withdraw salt blockade. - Repeal of the salt law. - Allowing peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops. - Gandhi agreed to attend the Second Round Table Conference. Statement (3) is incorrect because the release of prisoners was for those arrested during the non-violent movement, not all prisoners arrested for political violence.

Role of the Pact in facilitating the Second Round Table Conference

  1. Select the correct chronological order of the following events connected with India’s struggle for independence from the code given below: Second Round Table Conference. Karachi Session of Indian National Congress, Execution of Bhagat Singh. Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2006

    1. 1, 2, 3, 4
    2. 2, 3, 1, 4
    3. 4, 3, 2, 1
    4. 3, 4, 2, 1
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 4, 3, 2, 1

    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, which marked the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement and paved the way for INC participation in the Second Round Table Conference. The execution of Bhagat Singh and his comrades just weeks after the pact sparked widespread outrage. The Karachi session of the INC endorsed the pact and adopted resolutions on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Programme.

  2. Read the following events connected with the Indian National Movement: 1. Karachi Session of Indian National 2. Excatction of Rajguru 3. Gandhi Irwin Pact Find the correct chronological order of the events from the codes given below :

    Asked in: Congress 1931 · UPPSC Upper Mains 2009

    1. 3, 2, 1
    2. 1, 2, 3
    3. 2, 3, 1
    4. 1, 3, 2
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 3, 2, 1

    These events were closely linked in time and context, occurring during a crucial phase after the Civil Disobedience Movement and before the second Round Table Conference. The execution of the revolutionaries just before the Congress session created significant tension and debate during the session, particularly regarding the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

  3. Consider the following events and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Poona Pact 2. End of Civil Disobedience Movement 3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 4. Second Round Table Conference Select the correct answer from the code given below : Code :

    Asked in: uppsc 2025 2025

    1. 3, 4, 2, 1
    2. 4, 3, 2, 1
    3. 4, 3, 1, 2
    4. 3, 4, 1, 2
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 3, 4, 2, 1

    The chronological order of the events is crucial for understanding the progression of India's freedom struggle and negotiations with the British government. Knowing the specific years these events occurred helps in determining their sequence.

Significance and implications for the national movement

  1. The greatest merit of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was that:

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2019

    1. The I.N.C. agreed to join the Second Round Table Conference.
    2. For the first time the I.N.C. was treated on a footing of equality as a political opponent.
    3. Gandhi, the 'half naked Fakir', ascended the staircase of the Viceregal Lodge.
    4. The I.N.C. gained a status and authority to speak for political India.
    Show answer

    Answer: B. For the first time the I.N.C. was treated on a footing of equality as a political opponent.

    - The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (signed on March 5, 1931) was a political agreement between Mahatma Gandhi, representing the Indian National Congress, and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India. - The act of the Viceroy negotiating directly with Gandhi, on behalf of the INC, signified the British government's recognition of Congress as a significant political force and Gandhi as its legitimate representative. - This elevated the political status and prestige of the Congress to an unprecedented level, treating it essentially as an equal negotiating party rather than merely an agitating body. - While joining the Second Round Table Conference (Option A) was a key outcome, and gaining status/ authority (Option D) is also true, the core political merit lies in the way Congress was treated during the negotiation process itself, which was as an equal political entity. Option B best captures this fundamental shift in recognition. Option C describes a symbolic moment arising from this recognition, not the merit itself.

  2. Who amongst the following had called Gandhiji “One man boundary force” ?

    Asked in: Government Polytechnic Lecturer Group B Exam 2015 16 2015

    1. Louis Fischer
    2. Valentine Chirol
    3. Lord Mountbatten
    4. Jawahar Lal Nehru
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Lord Mountbatten

    Gandhi's presence and efforts in riot-torn areas, particularly in Calcutta and Noakhali, were instrumental in restoring peace and preventing further bloodshed during the tumultuous period of partition.

The Gandhi-Irwin negotiations: Key meetings and dialogue

  1. The Civil Disobedience Movement led to signing of a Pact in 1931. The Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2015

    1. Lord Curzon
    2. Lord Wellington
    3. Lord Irwin
    4. Lord Mountbatten
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Lord Irwin

    This pact was a political agreement signed on March 5, 1931, before the Second Round Table Conference in London. It marked the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement (which began with the Salt March in 1930) and initiated a period of truce.

  2. Who played the role of mediator in Gandhi- Irwin Pact ?

    Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 2018

    1. Motilal Nehru
    2. Tej Bahadur Sapru
    3. Annie Besant
    4. Chintamani
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Tej Bahadur Sapru

    The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed in March 1931, was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and the Viceroy Lord Irwin that marked the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement in India. Several intermediaries facilitated the negotiations between the Congress leadership (represented by Gandhi) and the British government. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru and M. R. Jayakar, prominent Liberal leaders, were instrumental in bridging the gap and persuading both sides to come to the negotiating table.

  3. When Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2022

    1. 1931
    2. 1930
    3. 1932
    4. 1929
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 1931

    It was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India. It marked the end of the first phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement in India.