Magazines, Books and Their Authors: notes and MCQs for State PSC preli

Magazines, Books and Their Authors is part of Modern History of India. Below are notes on 14 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers (coming soon).

Autobiographies and Biographies of Major Personalities of the Freedom Struggle

Subhash Chandra Bose: Authored 'The Indian Struggle' (covering 1920-1934).
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad:

Authored 'Tazkira' (biographical work written during his 1916 internment).
Authored 'Tarjuman-ul-Qur'an' (translation of Qur'an from Arabic to Urdu).
Authored 'India Wins Freedom'.
Editor of 'Lisan ul Sidiq' magazine.
Published the journal 'Al-Hilal'.
Born in Mecca.
Elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1923 and 1940.

Lala Lajpat Rai:

Authored 'Unhappy India'.
Authored 'Autobiographical Writings'.
Wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, and Shrikrishna.

Mahatma Gandhi (M.K. Gandhi): Authored 'Hind Swaraj'.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad: Authored 'India Divided'.
Surendranath Banerjee: Authored 'A Nation in Making'.
Jayprakash Narayan: Authored 'Towards Struggle'.
Binodini Dasi: Serialized her autobiography 'Amar Katha' between 1910 and 1931.
William Wedderburn: Biographer of A.O. Hume.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Wrote the foreword for Avantikalbai Gokhale's Marathi biography of Mahatma Gandhi.
Hugh Toye: Authored 'Springing Tiger' (a biography of Subhash Chandra Bose).
Louis Fischer: Authored 'The Life of Mahatma Gandhi'.
Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre: Coauthored 'Freedom at Midnight'.
Durga Das: Authored 'India from Curzon to Nehru and After'.
K.K. Aziz: Authored 'The Man Who Divided India'.
M.N. Das: Authored 'Mountbatten and the Partition of India'.

Books and Periodicals highlighting Dalit and Anti-Caste Movements

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule: Authored 'Gulamgiri'.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Authored 'The Annihilation of Caste', 'States and Minorities', 'What Congress and Gandhi have done to the Untouchables', 'Pakistan or the Partition of India' (also known as 'Thoughts on Pakistan'), 'The Problem of Rupee : Its Origin and Its Solution'.
Gopal Baba Walangkar: Published 'VittalVidhwansak', the first monthly journal to have untouchable people as its target audience.
Periodicals associated with Periyar E.V. Ramasamy's Self-Respect Movement:

'Kudi Arasu' (Tamil Journal): Started 1925.
'Revolt' (English Weekly): Started 1928.
'Pagutharivu' (Tamil Journal): Started 1934.

'Modern Rationalist' (English Monthly): Started 1971 (associated with Dravidar Kazhagam).
Books not written by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (as per MCQs): 'India in Transition' (authored by M.N. Roy), 'Servants of India'.
Swami Ramakrishna Paramhansa's childhood name was 'Gadadhar'.

Early Indian Newspapers and their Editors

Hicky's Bengal Gazette (1780) - James Augustus Hicky (First newspaper in India, English).
Calcutta Gazette (1784) - Official newspaper.
Bombay Samachar (1822) - Fardonjee Marzban (Oldest continuously published newspaper).
Shom Prakash - Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
Kesari (Marathi, 1881) - Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
The Maratha (English, 1881) - Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Hindoo Patriot - Harish Chandra Mookherjee (editor).
Bengalee - Surendranath Banerjee (editor).
Amrit Bazar Patrika (1868) - Sisir Kumar Ghosh, Motilal Ghosh.
Harish Chandra Magazine (1872) - Bharatendu Harishchandra.
Bharat Mitra (1878).
Voice of India - Dadabhai Naoroji.
Indian Mirror - Devendranath Tagore (founder), N. N. Sen (editor).
Tribune - Dyal Singh Majithia (founder).
Advocate - G. Varma (G.P. Varma).
Pratap (1913) - Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi (from Kanpur).
Al-Hilal (1912) - Abul Kalam Azad.
The Comrade - Mohammad Ali Jauhar.
Zamindar - Zafar Ali Khan.
Bombay Chronicle (1913) - Pherozeshah Mehta.
Bande Mataram (from India, 1906) Aurobindo Ghosh.
Bande Mataram (from Paris/Geneva, 1909) Madam Bhikaji Cama.
The Talwar (from Berlin) - Madame Bhikaji Cama, Virendranath Chattopadhyay.
Indian Sociologist (London) - Shyamji Krishna Varma.
Commonweal - Annie Besant.
New India - Annie Besant.
Young India - M. K. Gandhi.
Navajivan - M. K. Gandhi.
Indian Opinion - Mansukhlal Nazar (first editor), M.K. Gandhi (later editor). Published in English, Gujarati, Tamil, Hindi (not Urdu).
Ghadar (journal) - Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Ghadar Party. First issue in Urdu.
National Herald - Jawaharlal Nehru.
Independent - Motilal Nehru.
Inquilab (Lahore, 1923) - Ghulam Hussain.
The Swadesh Vahini - K. Ramakrishna Pillai.
'Kuli-Kahini' - Pandit Ramkumar Vidyaratna.
Sanjivani (Bengali newspaper) - Krishna Kumar Mitra.
Kaumudi (Bangla fortnightly) - Bipin Chandra Pal.
Bipin Chandra Pal was associated with the 'Tribune' (Lahore).
Navin Rajasthan (later Tarun Rajasthan) Rajasthan Sewa Sangh (from Ajmer).
Bharat Bandhu - Hathras.
Shakti (newspaper, Almora) - Badridaatt Pandey.
Almora Akhbar - Badridaatt Pandey.

Economic Critique of British Rule: Books and Authors

Dadabhai Naoroji: `Poverty and Un-British Rule in India` (Propounded "Drain of Wealth" theory).
Bipan Chandra: `The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India`.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar: `The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solutions`.
R.C. Dutt (Romesh Chandra Dutt): `Economic History of India` (also `The Economic History of India in the Victorian Age`), `A History of Bengali Literature`, `A History of Civilization in Ancient India`. (Did not write `India Today`).
Sumit Sarkar: `The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, 1903-1908`.
Shahid Amin: `Event, Metaphor, Memory— Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992`.
Ranajit Guha: `A Rule of Property for Bengal`.
Dayanand Saraswati: `Satyarth Prakash`.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: `Gita Rahasya`.
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee: `Anand Math`, `Durgesh Nandini`.
Mark Wilks: `Historical Sketches of South of India in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysore`.
James Mill: `History of British India` (divided Indian History into Hindu, Muslim, British periods; laid foundation of communal interpretation), `Elements of Political Economy`.
Curzon: `The Problems of the East` / `The Problems of the Far East`.
Katherine Mayo: `Mother India`. (Along with Aldous Huxley, Charles Andrews, William Digby, she wrote commentaries on the condition of India during British rule).
Prafulla Chandra Ray: `The Poverty Problem in India`.
Mahadev Govind Ranade (M.G. Ranade): `Essays on Indian Economics`.
Lala Lajpat Rai: `Unhappy India`.
Abul Kalam Azad: `India Wins Freedom`.
R.P. Dutt: `India Today`.
Dinabandhu Mitra: `Nil Darpan`.
Valentine Chirol: `Indian Unrest`.
Rabindranath Tagore: `Gora`.
W.W. Hunter: `The Indian Musalmans`, `The Annals of Rural Bengal`.
George Abraham Grierson: `Linguistic Survey of India` (1912 A.D.).
William Jones: `A Grammar of the Persian Language`.
Charles Grant: `Observations on the State of Society among the Asiatic Subjects of Great Britain`.
Bipin Chandra Pal: `The New Economic Menace to India`.
Upamanyu Chatterjee: `The Mammaries of the Welfare State`.
Col. James Tod: Renowned work using the word 'Rajasthan' (`Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan`).

Gandhian Philosophy and Writings

Key Books by Mahatma Gandhi:

Hind Swaraj (1909):

Originally written in Gujarati, during his return voyage from England to South Africa.
Proscribed by the Government of Bombay; subsequently published in English in London (1910).
Essentially a critique of Western modernity and industrial capitalism.
Formulates a conception of good life for individuals and society.
Offers a civilizational concept of the Indian nation.
Describes British Parliament as "sterile and prostitute."
Outlines his philosophy of Satyagraha.

The Story of My Experiments with Truth (Autobiography):

Originally written in Gujarati.
Translated into English by Mahadev Desai.

Songs from Prison: A translation of ancient Indian religious lyrics into English, associated with M.K. Gandhi.

Key Journals/Newspapers by Mahatma Gandhi:

The Indian Opinion: Published in South Africa.
Young India: Edited by Gandhi.
Navjivan: Edited by Gandhi (started in Gujarati).
Harijan: Edited by Gandhi.

Influences on Mahatma Gandhi:

John Ruskin's 'Unto this Last': Left a deep impact; Gandhi translated it into Gujarati (as 'Sarvodaya').

Biography of Mahatma Gandhi:

First biography written by Joseph Doke.

Key Books by Leaders of Moderate and Extremist Factions of INC

Aurobindo Ghosh: "New Lamps for Old" (series of articles, criticised moderate politics).
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: "Gita Rahasya".
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Filed a lawsuit against V. Chirol (author of "Indian Unrest," who called Tilak 'Father of Indian Unrest').
Bipin Chandra Pal: "The Soul of India".
Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das): "India for Indians".
Lala Lajpat Rai: "Unhappy India".
Surendranath Banerjee: "A Nation in Making" (Autobiography).
Subhas Chandra Bose: "The Indian Struggle 1920-1942".
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: "India Wins Freedom".
Dr. Rajendra Prasad: "India Divided".

Raja Ram Mohan Roy:

Authored Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin (Gift to Monotheists) in 1809 in Persian language.

Dinabandhu Mitra:

Wrote the play Neel Darpan (The Indigo Mirror) in 1860, depicting the exploitation of indigo farmers.

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:

Authored Barnaparichay (Introduction to the Alphabet), a widely used Bengali primer in the mid-19th century.

Nazir Ahmad:

Wrote the Urdu novel Mirat-ul-urus (The Bride's Mirror) in 1869.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay:

Founded and edited the magazine Bang Darshan to promote Bengali culture.
Authored novels including Durgeshnandini (1865), Kapalkundala (1866), Anandmath (1882), and Sitaram (1887).

Narmad (Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave):

Started the Gujarati biweekly Dandiya.
Aimed to accelerate social reformation, impart literacy, and combat ignorance.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati:

Authored Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth).
Established the Arya Samaj in 1875.

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule:

Prominent works include Shetkaryacha Asood (Cultivator's Whip), Gulamgiri, Tritiya Ratna, Brahmananche Kasab, Sarvajanik Satya Dharma Pustak, Vithobachi Shikwan, Kulkarni Leelamrut, and Shetaji Pratap.

Swami Vivekananda:

Key works: Bartaman Bharat, Karma Yoga, Raja Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Lectures from Colombo to Almora.
Did not author the original Yoga Sutra (attributed to Patanjali).

Bharatendu Harishchandra:

Wrote the play Andher Nagari Chaupata Raja.

Lala Lajpat Rai:

Authored A History of the Arya Samaj.

Other Notable Associations:

Rayat Shikshan Sanstha: Karmavir Bhaurao Patil.
Jagruk (publication/movement): Walchand Kothari.
Dinmitra (publication): Mukundrao Patil.
Satyendranath Tagore: First Indian to pass the Indian Civil Services (ICS) Examination in 1863 (joined 1864).

Nationalist Poetry and Literary Works

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee:

Authored 'Ananda Math' (1882), 'Devi Chaudhurani', 'Durgesh Nandini', 'Kopalkundla', 'Mrinalini'.
'Ananda Math' contains the National Song 'Vande Mataram' and is known as "The Bible of Modern Bengalee patriotism".
Born in Naihati.
Did not write about partition.

Rabindranath Tagore:

Authored 'Gitanjali' (English edition published in 1912), 'Gora', 'Sadhana'.

Muhammad Iqbal: Penned 'Sare Jahan Se Achha'.
Dinabandhu Mitra: Wrote the play 'Nil Darpan'.
Shri Aurobindo: Authored 'Foundation of Indian Culture', 'Life Divine'.
Khushwant Singh:

Authored 'The Train to Pakistan' (partition narrative).
His last novel was 'The Sunset Club'.
Other works include 'The History of Sikhs', 'The Company of Women', 'Sex, Scotch and Scholarship', 'With Malice Towards One and All', 'Not a Nice Man to Know', 'The Good, the Bad and the Ridiculous'.

Subhadra Kumari Chauhan: Wrote the famous poem on Rani of Jhansi with the line "Khoob lari mardani woh to Jhansi wali rani thi".
Anita Desai: Authored 'Cry, the Peacock', 'Clear Light of Day'.
Thakur Jagmohan Singh: Authored 'Shyama Swapna'.
Narayan Surve: Authored 'Maze Vidyapeeth' (poem about the working class of Bombay).
Pt. Malik Ram Trivedi: Wrote the Natak (Drama) 'Ram Rajya'.
Anita Anand: Her book 'The Patient Assassin' won the PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize for History, 2020.
Ghulam Rassul Galwan: Ladakhi explorer after whom Galwan river was named; wrote 'Servants of Sahibs' in English.
Ramdhari Singh Dinkar: Authored 'Rashmirathi'.
Maithili Sharan Gupt: Authored 'BharatBharati'.
Suryakant Tripathi ‘Nirala’: Authored 'Ram Ki Shakti Puja'.
Mahadevi Verma: Authored 'Neelkanth'.
R. K. Narayan: Authored 'Swami and Friends', 'The English Teacher'.
Ruskin Bond: Authored 'The Room on the Roof'.
Manohar Malgonkar: Authored 'Spy in Amber'.
Agyeya: Authored 'Nadi Ke Dwip'.
Govardhanram Tripathi: Authored 'Saraswatichandra'.
V. S. Khandekar: Authored 'Yayati'.
Jhaverchand Meghani: Wrote lyrics including 'Supdu Savalakhnu...', 'Aaso Maso Sharad Poonam ni Raat Jo....', 'Man Mor Bani Thangat Kare...'.
Premchand: Authored 'Shatranj Ke Khilari', 'Gaban'.
Urvashi Butalia: Authored the partition narrative 'The Other Side of Silence'.
Bhudeva Mukherjee: First Bengali writer to suggest Hindi as India’s National Language.
Kashi Prasad Ghosh: First Indian to write English verse.
S.N. Sen: Official historian of India's struggle for independence.
Michael Madhusudan Das: Authored 'Captive Lady'.
Sarojini Naidu: Authored 'The Broken Wing'.
Bipan Chandra: Authored 'India's Struggle for Independence'.
Ayodhya Prasad: Authored 'Priya Pravas'.
Indira Gandhi: Authored 'Eternal India'.
Firdausi: Authored 'Shah Nama'.
Sashi Tharoor: Authored 'Show Business'.
Amitav Ghosh: Authored 'Circle of Reason'.
Vikram Chandra: Authored 'Love and Longing in Bombay'.
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar: Authored 'The First Indian War of Independence'.
Dharamveer Bharti: Authored 'Andhayug'.
Bankidas: Authored 'Sur Chhathisi', 'Datar Bawani', 'Supah Chhathisi', 'Chugal Mukh Chapetika'.
Colonel Tod: Used Sanskrit, Dingal, and Persian language sources.
Jay Narayan Vyas: Edited 'Swadheenta Ke Geet' (collection of freedom struggle songs).
'Betal Panchavimeati' is NOT written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
Harivansh Rai Bachchan: Authored 'Madhushala'.
Subramanya Bharati: Wrote 'Swatantra Pattu' (collection of freedom songs).
Firaq Gorakhpuri: Associated with Literature.
Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar: A prominent Marathi nationalist writer.
E. M. Forster: Authored 'A Passage to India'.
Paul Hilton: Authored 'Kamala: An American Life'.
Key Nationalist Slogans/Quotes:

"Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it" – Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
"Give me blood and I will give you freedom" – Subhas Chandra Bose.
"Karenge Ya Marenge" (Do or Die) – Mahatma Gandhi.

Nehruvian

Perspectives:

Books

and

Autobiographies

Jawaharlal Nehru's autobiography, titled An Autobiography or Towards Freedom, begins with "An only son of prosperous parents is apt to be spoilt, especially so in India."
Jawaharlal Nehru wrote The Discovery of India in Ahmadnagar Fort Jail.
Glimpses of World History was written by Jawaharlal Nehru.
A Bunch of Old Letters, published in 1958, is a collection of letters written to and by Jawaharlal Nehru.
Jawaharlal Nehru famously called "Dams and Factories as temples of Modern India."
The remark "Nehru is a patriot, while Jinnah is a politician" was made by Sir Mohammad Iqbal.
Sarvepalli Gopal authored Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, Vol-I, 1889-1947.
Frank Moraes is a biographer of Jawaharlal Nehru and also wrote India from Curzon to Nehru and After.
Hind Swaraj was written by M.K. Gandhi, not Jawaharlal Nehru.
India Wins Freedom was written by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
Indian Struggle was written by Subhash Chandra Bose.
Unhappy India was written by Lala Lajpat Rai.
India Divided was written by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, not Jawaharlal Nehru.
Poverty and Un-British Rule in India was written by Dadabhai Naoroji.
My Presidential Years was written by R. Venkataraman.
Living an Era was written by D.P. Mishra.
Sekhar Bandyopadhyay authored From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India.
David Hardiman wrote Gandhi in His Time and Ours.
Gyanendra Pandey wrote The Ascendancy of the Congress in Uttar Pradesh, 1926-1934.
Ramachandra Guha authored India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy.
Sunil Khilnani wrote The Idea of India.
A.L. Basham wrote The Wonder That Was India.
Donald E. Smith wrote India as a Secular State.
Rudolph & Rudolph wrote In Pursuit of Lakshmi.
W.H. Morris Jones wrote Government and Politics of India.
K.P.S. Menon wrote Twilight in China.
Ved Mehta wrote Portrait of India.
Indira Gandhi wrote Eternal India.

Prominent Journals and Magazines of the 19th Century

Indian Social Reformer (1890): Editor - K. N. Natarajan.
Satapatra Series: Author - G. H. Deshmukh (Lokahitawadi).
Dash Roja: Started by - Abdul Gaffar Khan.
Tattvabodhini Patrika:

Founded by - Debendranath Tagore.
Promoted systematic study of India's past in Bengali language.

Journals/Editors:

Annie Besant: New India, Commonweal.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Kesari (Marathi), Maratha (English).
Mahatma Gandhi: Indian Opinion.
G. H. Deshmukh: Associated with Indu Prakash.

Imperial Gazetteer: Compiled by - William Wilson Hunter.

Publications of the Muslim League and other communal organizations

W.W. Hunter: "The Indian Musalmans" ("Our Indian Musalmans"). Argued that "The Muslims, if contented and satisfied, would become the greatest bulwark of British power in India."
Sayyid Amir Ali (Syed Ameer Ali): "The Spirit of Islam".
Rafiq Zakaria: "The Man Who Divided India".
Dr. Rajendra Prasad: "India Divided".
Khalid B. Sayeed: "Pakistan: The Formative Phase".
B. R. Ambedkar: "Thoughts on Pakistan".
W.C. Smith: "Modern Islam in India: A Social Analysis".
Peter Hardy: "The Muslims of British India".
Moin Shakir: "Khilafat to Partition".

Revolutionary and Nationalist Literature

"City of Joy" was written by Dominique Lapierre; "Is Paris Burning?", "Freedom at Midnight", and "O Jerusalem!" are joint works by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre.
"Young India" (associated with Mahatma Gandhi) was not a journal associated with revolutionary activities; "Sandhya", "Yugantar", and "Ghadar" were.
"Neel Darpan" (play), depicting the oppression of indigo farmers, was written by Dinabandhu Mitra.
"Neel Darpan" was translated into English by Reverend James Long.
"Bandi Jivan" was authored by Sachindranath Sanyal.
"The Indian War of Independence 1857" / "The First Indian War of Independence 1857-1859" was written by V. D. Savarkar.
"Eighteen Fifty-seven" was written by S.N. Sen.
"Civil Rebellion in the Indian Mutinies (1857 – 1859)" was written by S.B. Chaudhuri.
"The Sepoy Mutiny and the Revolt of 1857" was written by R.C. Majumdar.
"Awadh in Revolt, 1857 – 1858" was written by Rudrangshu Mukherjee.
The magazine "Sudarshan Chakra" (published in Lahore) was edited by Swami Krishnanand.
"Philosophy of the Bomb" was authored by Bhagwati Charan Vohra.
The newspaper "Indian Sociologist" (started abroad) was associated with Shyamji Krishna Verma.
"The Story of My Deportation" was written by Lala Lajpat Rai.
"Gita Rahasya" was written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
"A Nation in Making" was written by Surendranath Banerjee.
"India Wins Freedom" was written by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
"Desher Katha" by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar warned against colonial mind conquest, inspired Swadeshi street plays/folk songs, and used 'desh' in the specific context of Bengal.
Sarat Chandra Chatterjee's novel "Pather Dabi" vividly reflected the revolutionary movement of India.
"The Dreamland" was written by Lala Ramsaran Das.
The pamphlet "Why I am an atheist?" was written by Bhagat Singh.
The revolutionary work "Chetavani Ka Chugtya" was authored by Barhath Kesri Singh.
"Anandamath" (1882) was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and inspired Aurobindo Ghosh's "Bhavani Mandir".
"The Hindoo Patriot" was associated with Harish Chandra Mukherjee.
"Ghare Baire" was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
Barindra Ghosh edited the Bengali weeklies "Jugantor" and "Basumati".
"Kapalkundala" was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
"Train to Pakistan" (historical novel) was written by Khushwant Singh.
"Vande Mataram" was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (from "Anandamath").

Socialist and Communist Literature impacting the National Movement

Karl Marx: Published articles analyzing Indian society in the `New York Daily Tribune`.
S. A. Dange: Authored the pamphlet `Gandhi Versus Lenin` (1921).

Works on Peasant and Tribal Movements of the Modern Period

Neel-Darpan: Drama by Dinabandhu Mitra, portrays the plight of Indigo Planters (Indigo Rebellion).
Anandmath: Novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, set against the Sanyasi Rebellion.
The Forest Problems of Kumaon: Book by Govind Ballabh Pant.
In Abor Jungles: Being an Account of the Abor Expedition, the Mishmi Mission and the Miri Mission (1912): Book by James Herbert Lorrain.

Writings of Important Women Freedom Fighters and Reformers

Tarabai Shinde: Authored "Stree-Purush Tulana" (A Comparison between Women and Men), a pioneering feminist text.
Binodini Dasi: Pioneering Bengali actress, serialized her autobiography "Amar Katha" (My Story) between 1910 and 1913.

54. Art and Culture

Architectural

Styles:

Indo-Saracenic,

European Influences, and Public Buildings

Indo-Saracenic Architecture: British Raj ar1. chitectural style blending Indo-Islamic and European features (domes, arches, minarets, intricate details). Used for public and government buildings. European Influences (Gothic/Neoclassical): 2.

Prag Mahal, Kutch: Built in Italian Gothic architectural style.
Bombay Secretariat (1870s): Designed by H. St. Clair Wilkins.
Bombay University Rajabai Clock Tower: Funded by Premchand Roychand.
Gateway of India, Mumbai: Designed by George Wittet.
Osmania University College of Arts & Social Sciences (Hyderabad): Designed by Belgian architect Earnest Jasper. Lutyens' Delhi: 3.
Rashtrapati Bhavan: Designed by Edwin Lutyens.
Secretariat Buildings (North & South Blocks): Designed by Herbert Baker.
India Gate: Not a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Le Corbusier's Architecture: 4.
Chandigarh: Master plan conceived as analogous to a human body.
Buildings in Ahmedabad: Mill Owners' Association Building, Sanskar Kendra Museum.
Note: Did NOT design the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad or Gaikwad Palace, Vadodara. Louis Kahn's Architecture: 5.
Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad: Designed by Louis Kahn. UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Relevant): 6.
Qutb Minar Complex, Delhi: UNESCO WHS.
Red Fort Complex, Delhi: UNESCO WHS. Jantar Mantars (Observatories): Built by 7. Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi, and Mathura. Temples: 8.
Hathi Singh Temple (Ahmedabad): Jain temple known for its two courtyards.
Shri Jagat Shiromani Temple (Amber): Located in Amber, built by Rani Kankawati in memory of her son Jagat Singh, and features a beautiful Garuda mandapa. Forts: 9.
Shergarh Fort (Baran, Rajasthan): Also known as Koshvardhan Fort. Samadhis (Memorials of Former Prime Min10. isters):
Sadaiv Atal (Delhi): Samadhi of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Features nine square black polished granite blocks, a central 'Diya', and a circular lotus-shaped pattern.
Vijay Ghat: Samadhi of Lal Bahadur Shastri.
Shakti Sthal: Samadhi of Indira Gandhi.
Veer Bhumi: Samadhi of Rajiv Gandhi.
Shantivan: Samadhi of Jawaharlal Nehru. Modern Landmarks: 11.
Statue of Unity (Gujarat): Tallest statue in the world (182m).
Delhi Metro: First metro system in India to use driverless metro technology (Magenta Line).
Bandra-Worli Sea Link (Mumbai): Was India's longest sea bridge at its completion but is now surpassed by the Mumbai Trans Harbour Sea Link (Atal Setu).
Sengol: A royal sceptre from Tamil Nadu (Chola dynasty), symbolizing the correct wielding and transfer of power. Ceremoniously installed near the Speaker’s chair in India’s new Parliament building by PM Narendra Modi.