Non-Cooperation Movement is part of Modern History of India. Below are notes on 11 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.

Achievements and limitations of the Non-Cooperation Movement

  • Mass Mobilization: First truly mass-based, all-India movement, drawing participation from diverse sections.
  • Nationalist Consciousness: Spread nationalist ideas deeply into rural areas, transcending class, caste, and religion.
  • Weakened British Authority: Challenged the moral and administrative foundations and prestige of British rule.
  • Hindu-Muslim Unity: Fostered significant unity during its initial phase due to the merger with the Khilafat Movement.
  • Promotion of Swadeshi: Encouraged the use of indigenous goods, Khadi, and the development of village industries.
  • Fear Dispelled: Masses largely shed their fear of colonial rule and imprisonment.
  • Congress Transformation: Transformed the Indian National Congress into a revolutionary mass organization, expanding its base.
  • Failure to Achieve Swaraj: Did not achieve Swaraj within the promised one year.
  • Chauri Chaura Incident (Feb 1922): Led to the suspension of the movement due to an act of violence, highlighting the challenge of maintaining complete non-violence.
  • Inadequate Alternative Institutions: Boycott of government schools and courts was not fully successful due to the lack of strong, widespread alternative national institutions.
  • Muslim Disillusionment: Enthusiasm waned among some Muslims after the abolition of the Turkish Sultanate (1924), reducing the relevance of the Khilafat issue.
  • Emergence of Communalism: Underlying communal tensions resurfaced and intensified in later years.
  • Internal Opposition:
    • Several prominent Moderate leaders (e.g., M.A. Jinnah, Annie Besant, G.S. Khaparde, Bipin Chandra Pal) left the Congress over its new direction.
    • Jamna Das Thakur Das (along with others like Purshottam Das Thakur Das) established the Anti-Non-Cooperation Committee/Assembly to oppose the movement.

Calcutta and Nagpur Sessions of Congress (1920): Endorsement of the NCM program

  • Special Calcutta Session (September 1920): Held to discuss the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) program.
  • President of Special Calcutta Session: Lala Lajpat Rai.
  • Gandhi moved the resolution for Non-Cooperation, which was passed at this session.
  • Initially, prominent leaders like C.R. Das, B.C. Pal, and Annie Besant opposed the NCM resolution at Calcutta. Motilal Nehru supported Gandhi.
  • During this session, Gandhi declared, "The British rule in India has brought about moral, material, cultural and spiritual ruin of this great country. I regard this rule as a curse. I am out to destroy this system of Government..... Sedition has become my religion."
  • Nagpur Session (December 1920): This annual session formally adopted and endorsed the Non-Cooperation program. It marked the formal launch of the NCM by the Indian National Congress.
  • President of Nagpur Session: C. Vijaya Raghavachariar.
  • The main resolution on Non-Cooperation Movement at the Nagpur session was moved by C. R. Das, who had initially opposed it in Calcutta.
  • Mohammed Ali Jinnah left the Congress membership in protest against Gandhi's NonCooperation Movement proposal at the Nagpur session of 1920.
  • The NCM program adopted at Nagpur included renunciation of government titles, boycott of legislature, law courts, government schools and colleges, and foreign goods.

Chauri Chaura incident and its impact

  • Incident Name: Chauri Chaura Incident.
  • Date: February 4, 1922.
  • Location: Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh.
  • Event: A large procession of Non-Cooperation Movement protestors clashed with local police. The crowd retaliated by setting fire to a police station, killing 22 (or 23) policemen who were trapped inside.
  • Context: Occurred during the Non-Cooperation Movement, which Mahatma Gandhi had launched with the strict principle of nonviolence (Ahimsa).
  • Mahatma Gandhi's Reaction: Deeply disturbed by the act of violence, Gandhiji believed that the Indian people were not yet ready for a non-violent mass struggle.
  • Decision Location: Gandhiji was at Bardoli, Gujarat, when he heard of the incident.
  • Withdrawal of Movement: Following the incident, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.
  • Official Withdrawal Date: The Congress Working Committee (CWC) met at Bardoli on February 12, 1922, and formally resolved to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.
  • Gandhiji's Remark: He termed the decision to launch a mass movement without ensuring complete non-violence as his 'Himalayan Blunder'.
  • Impact: The Non-Cooperation Movement, a significant nationwide struggle, was abruptly called off due to the Chauri Chaura violence.
  • Criticism: Gandhiji's decision to withdraw the movement was met with criticism and disappointment from several prominent national leaders, including Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Motilal Nehru.

Gandhiji's leadership and the program of Non-Cooperation (boycott, Swadeshi, national education)

  • Gandhiji initiated and led the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) from 1920-1922.
  • Gandhiji's Philosophy for NCM: British rule survived on Indian cooperation; refusal to cooperate would lead to its collapse within a year, bringing Swaraj (from 'Hind Swaraj').
  • Core Slogan: "Swaraj in a year" (given during NCM).
  • Action Programme (Boycott/Destructive Elements):
    • Surrender of titles and honorary offices (e.g., Gandhiji returned his Kaiser-eHind medal).
    • Resignation from nominated seats in local bodies.
    • Boycott of official and semi-official functions.
    • Withdrawal of children from government-affiliated schools and colleges.
    • Boycott of government courts (advocating for private arbitration courts/Panchayats).
    • Boycott of elections to the Legislatures.
    • Boycott of foreign goods, especially cloth (Gandhiji advocated burning foreign clothes; Rabindranath Tagore critiqued this as 'insensate waste').
    • Call for the 'renunciation of all voluntary associations with the British Government'.
    • Crucial Note: Non-payment of taxes was NOT a general, all-India program of NCM.
  • Action Programme (Constructive Elements/ Swadeshi/National Education):
    • Promotion of Swadeshi goods, particularly Khadi, and popularization of the Charkha (spinning wheel).
    • Establishment of national schools and colleges (e.g., Jamia Millia Islamia, Kashi Vidyapeeth, Gujarat Vidyapeeth).
    • Establishment of Panchayat courts for dispute resolution.
    • Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity.
    • Campaign for the removal of untouchability.
  • Organizational Development:
    • Congress organization restructured to reach village and Mohalla levels.
    • Tilak Swaraj Fund: Established by Gandhiji to finance the NCM, with a target of one crore rupees.
  • Key Historical Context: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in 1919 after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, not specifically as part of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Impact and significance of the NCM on the national movement

  • Transformed the Indian National Congress into a mass movement, attracting millions from diverse sections including peasants, workers, students, and women.
  • Fostered significant Hindu-Muslim unity, particularly through the Congress-Khilafat alliance.
  • Successfully instilled courage and removed the fear of British 'might' from the minds of the populace, encouraging open defiance.
  • Caused substantial economic impact:
    • Intensified boycott of foreign goods, especially cloth.
    • Import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922.
    • Merchants and traders refused to trade in or finance foreign goods.
    • Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms significantly increased.
  • Affected government revenue through picketing of liquor shops; the government of Bombay province notably circulated lists of prominent drinkers to counter the movement.
  • Led to the establishment of national educational institutions like Kashi Vidyapith, Gujarat Vidyapith, and Jamia Millia Islamia.
  • Firmly established 'Swaraj' as the immediate and primary objective of the national movement.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of non-violent civil disobedience as a powerful tool for political agitation.
  • While impactful, it did not immediately result in British government granting political concessions, instead leading to repression.

Major incidents and events during the Movement (e.g., Moplah Rebellion, visit of Prince of Wales)

  • Moplah Rebellion (Aug 1921): Peasant revolt in Malabar, Kerala, against landlords & British, later took communal turn.
  • Visit of Prince of Wales (Nov 17, 1921): Arrived in Bombay, met with countrywide hartal and boycott called by Gandhiji, leading to clashes.
  • Mass arrests of leaders (Dec 1921): Prominent leaders including C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru arrested.
  • Ahmedabad Session (Dec 1921): Hasrat Mohani proposed 'Purna Swaraj' resolution, rejected by Gandhi.
  • Chauri Chaura Incident (Feb 5, 1922): Gorakhpur, UP. Non-cooperators attacked and burnt a police station, killing 22 policemen.
  • Suspension of Non-Cooperation Movement (Feb 11, 1922): Gandhiji withdrew the movement due to the Chauri Chaura violence.
  • Arrest of Mahatma Gandhi (Mar 10, 1922): Arrested for sedition, sentenced to 6 years imprisonment.

Origins and causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM)

  • Launch Date: 1st August, 1920.
  • Coinciding Event: Death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak on 1st August, 1920, the day the movement was launched.
  • Major Causes/Origins:
    • Rowlatt Act (1919): Repressive legislation allowing imprisonment without trial.
    • Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919): Brutal firing on peaceful protestors in Amritsar and the subsequent failure to bring justice.
    • Khilafat Movement (1919-24): Muslim anger over British treatment of the Ottoman Caliph (Khalifa) postWorld War I, leading to a call for Hindu-Muslim unity and non-cooperation by Gandhi.
    • Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms): Considered inadequate and disappointing by Indian nationalists, fueling discontent.
    • Economic Hardships: Post-World War I economic distress, high prices, and widespread discontent among the populace.
  • Mahatma Gandhi's Demands (pre-NCM): Withdrawal of the Rowlatt Act, expression of regret for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and lenient treatment of Turkey regarding the Khilafat issue.
  • Background Context: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915, setting the stage for his leadership in national movements.

Participation of various social groups (students, women, peasants, tribals, labor, middle class)

  • Students: Thousands left government-controlled schools and colleges; national institutions like Bihar Vidyapeeth, Kashi Vidyapeeth, Gujarat Vidyapeeth, Jamia Millia Islamia were established. Jai Prakash Narayan left Patna College with 20 days remaining for his examination.
  • Lawyers/Middle Class: Many prominent lawyers, including Rajendra Prasad (Bihar), gave up their lucrative practices. Bengal witnessed the most extensive boycott of courts by lawyers. M.A. Jinnah opposed the Non-Cooperation Movement, especially the boycott of councils, and subsequently left the Congress. E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar) actively participated in the movement. The Justice Party of Madras did not boycott council elections.
  • Women: Actively participated in picketing liquor and foreign cloth shops, and in collecting funds for the Tilak Swaraj Fund. Bhogeswari Phukanani became famous as "Volunteer Bai" for her active participation.
  • Peasants: Swami Vidyanand led cultivators in Bihar, particularly in the Darbhanga region. Peasant movements often merged with the NCM, at times exceeding the Congress's official program (e.g., Awadh Kisan Sabha, Eka Movement).
  • Tribals: Participated through movements like the Rampa Uprising (Andhra Pradesh) led by Alluri Sitarama Raju, who was inspired by Gandhi but advocated violence. They resisted colonial forest laws.
  • Labor: While there was significant labor unrest during the period, the labor movement was not directly integrated into the main Non-Cooperation Movement program.
  • General Participation: The movement saw broad participation across various sections of society, dispelling the notion that only the upper caste and rich took part.

Role of Charkha, Khadi, and national institutions

  • Charkha and Khadi were central to the NonCooperation Movement (NCM), symbolizing self-reliance (Swadeshi) and the boycott of foreign goods, especially British textiles.
  • The All India Congress Committee (AICC) in 1921 decided on the wide-scale distribution of charkhas among the people.
  • Wearing Khadi was promoted as a uniform of nationalism and a means for economic uplift for the masses.
  • During the NCM (1920-22), a significant number of national educational institutions were established as an alternative to government-controlled schools and colleges.
  • Prominent national institutions founded during the Non-Cooperation Movement include Kashi Vidyapeeth, Gujarat Vidyapeeth, and Jamia Millia Islamia.

Stages and spread of the Movement across different regions

  • Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) did not begin in Punjab with a student movement in January 1921; it commenced in August 1920.
  • The powerful Akali upsurge significantly stirred the Sikh-dominated central Punjab countryside during the NCM period.
  • The United Provinces (UP) became one of the strongest bases of the Congress during the NCM, marked by extensive peasant participation.
  • Bengal's literary output during the NCM was comparatively meagre when contrasted with the prolific literary activity of the Swadeshi agitation.

Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement: Reasons and justifications

The Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) 1. was suspended/withdrawn in February 1922. Primary reason for withdrawal: Chauri2. Chaura Incident (Feb 5, 1922). Chauri-Chaura Incident: A violent clash in 3. Chauri Chaura, Gorakhpur district (UP), where a large crowd of peasants set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen. Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement 4. due to his staunch belief in non-violence (Ahimsa). Gandhi felt the masses were not yet ad5. equately trained for a completely non-violent

29. Formation of Swaraj Party (1923)

Practice MCQs: Non-Cooperation Movement

Achievements and limitations of the Non-Cooperation Movement

  1. Who among the following established anti- non-co-operation assembly ?

    Asked in: B. Muslim League's opposition to the Indian · UPSC CAPF 2011 · CGPSC Prelims Exam 2019

    1. Jamna Das Thakur Das
    2. Jairam Das
    3. Daulat Ram
    4. Maniklal Verma
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Jamna Das Thakur Das

    National Congress C. Special concessions given to the Muslims by the British government D. Internal frictions between the Congress and the Muslim League Ans: A The Khilafat Movement in India was launched to protest against the harsh terms imposed on the Ottoman Empire and its Sultan (who was considered the Khalifa or Caliph by many Muslims) by the Treaty of Sevres after World War I. The movement demanded that the Khalifa's control over Muslim holy places be maintained and his territory not be dismembered. However, a nationalist revolution in Turkey led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the Sultanate in 1922 and formally abolished the Caliphate in March 1924. This act removed the central issue around which the Khilafat movement was based, causing it to collapse. The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) was also more favorable to Turkey, further undermining the original grievances. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was a mass movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. While it received widespread support, some sections, including liberals and moderates, opposed its methods of boycott and non-cooperation, advocating for constitutional means. Jamna Das Thakur Das was a leader associated with the liberal faction who voiced opposition to the movement.

Calcutta and Nagpur Sessions of Congress (1920): Endorsement of the NCM program

  1. At the Congress session at ________ in December 1920, a compromise was worked out, and the Non-Cooperation programme was adopted.

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024

    1. Allahabad
    2. Bombay
    3. Nagpur
    4. Calcutta
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Nagpur

    The Non-Cooperation Movement resolution was initially introduced by Mahatma Gandhi at a special session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta in September 1920 and was approved despite some opposition. However, it was the annual session held in Nagpur in December 1920 that ratified this decision, adopted the full Non-Cooperation programme, and also brought significant changes to the Congress constitution, making it a mass movement.

  2. Who was the President of the special session of Indian National Congress held in Calcutta in September, 1920 in which the resolution of Non- Cooperation Movement was passed ?

    Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 2023

    1. Dadabhai Naoroji
    2. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
    3. Lala Lajpat Rai
    4. Vijaya Raghavachari
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Lala Lajpat Rai

    This special session was convened specifically to discuss Mahatma Gandhi's proposal for the Non- Cooperation Movement in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the Khilafat issue, and perceived injustice by the British government. The resolution endorsing the Non-Cooperation Movement was debated and passed in this session under the presidency of Lala Lajpat Rai.

  3. The Non-Cooperation programme was adopted in the

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2022

    1. Lahore session
    2. Congress session at Nagpur
    3. Gujarat Congress
    4. Second Round Table Conference
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Congress session at Nagpur

    While the idea was discussed and a resolution passed at the special session in Calcutta in September 1920, the comprehensive Non-Cooperation programme and its modalities were debated and definitively adopted at the regular annual session held in Nagpur in December 1920. The Nagpur session also saw significant changes to the Congress constitution.

  4. Which one of the following had supported Mahatma Gandhi on the Non-cooperation resolution at the Special Calcutta Session, 1920 ?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2009

    1. C. R. Das
    2. B. C. Pal
    3. Annie Besant
    4. Motilal Nehru
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Motilal Nehru

    At the Special Session of the Indian National Congress held in Calcutta in September 1920, Mahatma Gandhi moved the Non-cooperation resolution. While many senior leaders like C.R. Das, B.C. Pal, Annie Besant, and Mohammad Ali Jinnah were initially opposed or skeptical of the resolution, Motilal Nehru was among the prominent figures who supported Gandhi's proposal for the Non- cooperation movement.

  5. In which session of the Congress the proposal for the Non-Cooperation Movement was accepted? Nagpur, 1920 AD Ahmedabad, 1921 AD Gaya, 1922 AD Amritsar, 1919 AD - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Assistant Archivist) 2024

    1. (1)
    2. (2)
    3. (3)
    4. (4)
    Show answer

    Answer: A. (1)

    This question tests knowledge of the Indian independence movement, specifically the adoption of major political programs by the Indian National Congress. It requires knowing the location and year of the session where the Non-Cooperation Movement was formally approved.

  6. Who left the membership of Congress in protest against Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement proposal in Nagpur session of 1920 ?

    Asked in: Exam 2024 Group e 2024

    1. Bipin Chandra Pal and Annie Besant
    2. Madan Mohan Malaviya and C.R. Das
    3. Mohammed Ali Jinnah
    4. Lala Lajpat Rai
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Madan Mohan Malaviya and C.R. Das

    Lecturer and Coach (School Edu. Dept.) Comp. Madan Mohan Malaviya and C.R. Das left the Congress in protest against Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement proposal at the Nagpur session in 1920.

  7. On which occasion did Gandhi declare, "The British rule in India has brought about moral, material, cultural and spiritual ruin of this great country. I regard this rule as a curse. I am out to destroy this system of Government..... Sedition has become my religion"?

    Asked in: Sr. Teacher Gr II (Sanskrit Edu.) Exam 2018 3 2018 · Sr. Teacher Gr II (Sanskrit Edu.) Exam 2018 4 2018

    1. On 6th April, 1930 at Dandi
    2. In a special session of Congress in September, 1920 at Calcutta
    3. In Calcutta session of Congress in December, 1928
    4. On 8th April, 1942
    Show answer

    Answer: A. On 6th April, 1930 at Dandi

    The quote reflects Gandhi's deep disillusionment with British rule and his resolve to dismantle the system. The date and location, 6th April, 1930 at Dandi, are significant as they coincide with the Salt March, a pivotal moment in the Civil Disobedience Movement, where Gandhi broke the salt laws.

  8. Who proposed the resolution on Non-co-operation Movement in the annual session of the Congress held in December 1920 in Nagpur ?

    Asked in: ASSISTANT PROSECUTION OFFICER (PRELIM.) EXAM. 2022

    1. Mahadev Desai
    2. Rajendra Prasad
    3. C. R. Das
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. C. R. Das

    C. R. Das played a pivotal role in moving and advocating for the Non-co-operation Movement resolution, which marked a significant shift in the Indian freedom struggle, advocating for mass civil disobedience and withdrawal of cooperation with the British government.

  9. Which of the following events marked the formal launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement by the Indian National Congress?

    Asked in: District Statistical Officer Assistant Director 2025

    1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
    2. Chauri Chaura Incident
    3. Nagpur Session of Congress, 1920
    4. Rowlatt Act Protests
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Nagpur Session of Congress, 1920

    While the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the Rowlatt Act Protests were significant catalysts that fueled anti-British sentiment and led to the demand for Non-Cooperation, the formal launch of the movement occurred at the Nagpur Congress Session. The Chauri Chaura Incident, on the other hand, led to the suspension of the movement.

Chauri Chaura incident and its impact

  1. Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement because of a violent incident at

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2001

    1. Bardoli
    2. Dandi
    3. Chauri Chaura
    4. Ahmedabad
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Chauri Chaura

    The Chauri Chaura incident involved a clash between police and protesters that escalated into the burning of a police station, resulting in the deaths of several policemen. Gandhi, a staunch advocate of non-violence, was deeply disturbed by this violence and decided to withdraw the movement.

  2. After which incident, Mahatma Gandhi had called Non-Cooperation Movement as his 'Himalayan blunder'?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2016

    1. Kheda Satyagarha
    2. Chauri-Chaura
    3. Nagpur Satyagarha
    4. Rajkot Satyagarha
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Chauri-Chaura

    The Chauri-Chaura incident occurred in February 1922, when a mob of protesters clashed with the police and set fire to a police station, killing several policemen. This act of violence went against Gandhi's principle of non-violence, which was the foundation of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

  3. In which state is 'Chauri Chaura', where in February 1922 AD a police station was set on fire?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 67th Re Exam

    1. Madhya Pradesh
    2. Bihar
    3. Uttar Pradesh
    4. Rajasthan
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Uttar Pradesh

    - Location: Gorakhpur district. - State: Uttar Pradesh. - Year: 1922. - Event: Police station set on fire by protestors.

  4. Which of the following statements regarding the Indian freedom struggle is not correct?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 68th

    1. Gandhiji withdrew from the Non-Cooperation Movement due to the Chauri-Chaura Incident.
    2. Gandhiji gave his first major public speech at Banaras Hindu University.
    3. Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in the year 1921.
    4. More than one of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in the year 1921.

    Let's examine the statements: A) Gandhiji withdrew from the Non-Cooperation Movement due to the Chauri-Chaura Incident. This is Correct. Following the violent incident at Chauri-Chaura in February 1922, where a police station was set on fire by a mob, Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement. B) Gandhiji gave his first major public speech at Banaras Hindu University. This is Correct. Mahatma Gandhi delivered his first significant public speech in India at the inauguration of the Banaras Hindu University in February 1916. C) Mahatma Gandhi was arrested in the year 1921. This is Incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi was arrested on March 10, 1922, by the British government on charges of sedition for his articles published in his weekly journal "Young India". He was sentenced to six years imprisonment. While many arrests of leaders and volunteers occurred in 1921 during the NCM, Gandhi himself was arrested in early 1922.

  5. Which of the following statements about the Non-Cooperation Movement is/are correct? 1. It was marked by significant participation of peasants from Karnataka. 2. It was marked by non-Brahmin lower caste participation in Madras and Maharashtra. 3. It was marked by the lack of labour unrest in places like Assam, Bengal and Madras. 4. It was badly shaken by the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 after which Gandhiji decided to continue the movement on a much smaller scale. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2018

    1. 1 only
    2. 1, 2 and 4
    3. 2 and 3
    4. 2 only
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 2 only

    - Non-Cooperation Movement saw diverse participation from various sections of society, though the extent and nature varied geographically and socio- economically. - Peasant movements were strong in specific regions like Awadh, Bihar, and parts of Andhra. - Labour strikes were a significant feature of the industrial landscape during this period. - The Chauri Chaura incident led to the abrupt withdrawal of the movement.

  6. Reason and Assertion type : Assertion [A] : Mahatma Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation movement in 1922 due to Chauri Chaura Incident Reason [R] : Subhash Chandra Bose and some other leaders opposed the idea of Non- Violent struggle

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2024

    1. [A] is true [R] is false
    2. Both [A] and [R] are true and [R] is the correct explanation of [A]
    3. [A] is false, [R] is true
    4. Both [A] and [R] are true, but [R] is not the correct explanation of [A]
    Show answer

    Answer: A. [A] is true [R] is false

    Assertion [A] states that Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation movement in 1922 due to the Chauri Chaura incident. This is historically accurate; the violence at Chauri Chaura deeply disturbed Gandhi and led him to believe the movement was turning violent and the people were not ready for a complete non-violent struggle. Reason [R] states that Subhash Chandra Bose and some other leaders opposed the idea of Non-Violent struggle. This is also true in a general sense, as Bose, among others, had reservations about the strictly non-violent approach and the suspension of movements.

  7. After which incident the Non-Cooperation movement was withdrawn by Mahatma Gandhi?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2017

    1. Chauri Chaura incident
    2. Rowlatt Act
    3. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
    4. Dandi March
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Chauri Chaura incident

    The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched in 1920, was intended to be a peaceful and non-violent protest against British rule. However, on February 5, 1922, an incident occurred at Chauri Chaura (Gorakhpur district, UP) where a large group of peasants clashed with police, setting fire to a police station and killing several policemen. Mahatma Gandhi, distressed by this violence, called off the movement immediately on February 12, 1922.

  8. Where was Chauri Chaura?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2022

    1. Patna
    2. Bhagalpur
    3. Gaya
    4. Gorakhpur
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Gorakhpur

    - Chauri Chaura is a village in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. - It is historically significant for the Chauri Chaura incident that occurred on February 4, 1922. - During this incident, a large group of protesters, participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement, clashed with the police, resulting in violence and casualties.

  9. 9.Gandhiji withdrew the Movement of Satyagrah in 1922 on account of:

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 1995

    1. ChauriChaura violence
    2. Arrest of Congressmen
    3. British Government agreed to fulfill the demands of Gandhiji
    4. Absence of people's support
    Show answer

    Answer: A. ChauriChaura violence

    Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement (often referred to broadly as a Satyagraha movement) in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident, where a mob attacked a police station, resulting in the death of several policemen.

Gandhiji's leadership and the program of Non-Cooperation (boycott, Swadeshi, national education)

  1. Which one among the following was not a part of the action programme of the Non- Cooperation Movement?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2024

    1. The Congress organisation was to reach down to the village and the Mohalla level
    2. Boycott of government affiliated schools and colleges
    3. Taking control of the law and order machinery of the State by the Congress Working Committee
    4. Surrender of titles and honours given by the government
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Taking control of the law and order machinery of the State by the Congress Working Committee

    The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was based on the principle of non-violent non-cooperation with the British government. Its programme included steps like: - Boycott of government jobs, titles, honours, schools, colleges, courts, and foreign goods. - Promotion of Swadeshi goods, Khadi, national schools, and arbitration courts. - Strengthening the Congress organization at the grassroots level (village and mohalla).

  2. The call for ‘renunciation of (all) voluntary associations with the (British) Government’ was given during

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2021

    1. Non-Cooperation Movement
    2. Civil Disobedience Movement
    3. Quit India Movement
    4. Protest against partition of Bengal
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Non-Cooperation Movement

    - The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was launched by Mahatma Gandhi following events like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Rowlatt Act. - A key objective of this movement was to withdraw Indian cooperation from the British government as a form of peaceful protest against their rule. - The program included the surrender of titles and honorary offices, resignation from nominated posts in local bodies, boycott of government and government-aided schools and colleges, boycott of law courts, boycott of foreign goods, and renunciation of government services and participation in elections.

  3. During the Non-Cooperation Movement in Chhattisgarh, which degree was left by Barrister Nagendranath Dey as a boycott?

    Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2020

    1. Khan Saheb
    2. Rai Bahadur
    3. Rai Saheb
    4. Lokpriya
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Rai Saheb

    The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) called for a boycott of British institutions, including titles conferred by the British government. Many Indians who had received such titles renounced them as a form of protest. Barrister Nagendranath Dey was one such leader in Chhattisgarh who gave up his 'Rai Saheb' title.

  4. Which of the following was not a part of the Non-cooperation Movement ? A) Boycott of schools B) Boycott of the courts C) Boycott of the foreign cloth D) Non-payment of Tax

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2013

    1. Boycott of schools
    2. Boycott of the courts
    3. Boycott of the foreign cloth
    4. Non-payment of Tax
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Non-payment of Tax

    While non-payment of taxes was a potential form of civil disobedience, it was not a primary or universally implemented part of the core program of the Non-cooperation Movement (1920-1922) from its outset. The movement's main program included boycotts of government schools, colleges, law courts, foreign goods, and the surrender of titles. A no-tax campaign was planned for specific areas like Bardoli but was not a general feature across India, and the movement was called off before it could be widely implemented.

  5. "British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this co-operation. If Indians refused to co-operate, British rule in India would collapse with in a year and Swaraj would come," who said this?

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2022

    1. Sardar Vallabhai Patel
    2. Motilal Nehru
    3. Mahatma Gandhiji
    4. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Mahatma Gandhiji

    Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-cooperation was based on the belief that the power of the colonizer stemmed from the compliance and cooperation of the colonized.

  6. Consider the following passage : It urged people to resign from government offices, shun the British law-courts, withdraw from schools and colleges and boycott the elections. On the other hand, there was a campaign for using indigenous goods, especially khadi or homespun cloth. Which movement does the above passage relate to ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2010

    1. Swadeshi
    2. Non-cooperation
    3. Civil Disobedience
    4. Quit India
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Non-cooperation

    The Non-Cooperation Movement was a major phase of the Indian independence movement. It was a mass movement that saw participation from various sections of society and significantly escalated the struggle against British rule beyond constitutional means.

  7. Which one among the following was *not* a programme adopted by the Congress while launching the non-cooperation movement ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2010

    1. Surrender of titles and honorary offices, resignation from nominated seats in local bodies, boycott of the official and semi official functions
    2. Withdrawal of children from government schools and colleges
    3. Boycott of elections, foreign goods and government courts
    4. Refusal to pay the revenues to the government
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Refusal to pay the revenues to the government

    - The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) aimed at non-violent non-cooperation with the British government. - Key programs included surrender of titles, boycott of legislative councils, government schools and colleges, courts, and foreign goods. - Promotion of Swadeshi, Khadi, national education, and Hindu-Muslim unity were constructive aspects.

  8. The title given by the British Government to Mahatma Gandhi and which was surrendered during the Non-Cooperation Movement was—

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2008

    1. Hind Kesari
    2. Kaiser-e-Hind
    3. Rai Bahadur
    4. Rt. Honourable
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Kaiser-e-Hind

    Mahatma Gandhi was awarded the Kaiser-e-Hind gold medal by the British for his humanitarian work, particularly for organizing the Indian Ambulance Corps during the Boer War in South Africa. He returned this medal, along with other decorations, in 1920 at the commencement of the Non-Cooperation Movement as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the injustice of British rule.

  9. Who out of the following had told "Destruction is the best method of dealing with the foreign clothes?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2010

    1. Ravindra Nath Tagore
    2. Mahatma Gandhi
    3. Chitranjan Das
    4. Subhas Chandra Bose
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi

    - During the Non-cooperation Movement (1920-22), boycott of foreign goods, especially cloth, was a key program. - Gandhi encouraged public bonfires of foreign cloth as a dramatic act of protest and self-reliance. - This was part of his strategy to make Indians self-sufficient and weaken the economic base of British rule.

Impact and significance of the NCM on the national movement

  1. Gandhiji's Non-Cooperation Movement urged people to avoid alcohol. This resulted in a serious loss of revenue for the government. The government of a province circulated a list of prominent individuals who drank alcohol as a device to persuade people to start drinking again. Name the province.

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 64th

    1. Andhra Pradesh
    2. Bihar
    3. Bombay
    4. Gujarat
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Bihar

    - The Non-Cooperation Movement included the boycott of alcohol. - This boycott caused revenue losses for the government. - The specific tactic of circulating lists of drinkers to promote alcohol consumption was adopted by the Bihar government.

  2. Which of the following statements about the effect of the Non-cooperation Movement are true?

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024

    1. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922.
    2. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
    3. Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
    4. All of the above.
    Show answer

    Answer: D. All of the above.

    The Non-cooperation Movement (1920-1922) included a widespread boycott of foreign goods, especially British textiles. This led to a significant decrease in the import of foreign cloth. Consequently, Indian merchants and traders often refused to deal in foreign goods, and there was a boost in the production and demand for Indian textiles produced by mills and handlooms (Khadi).

  3. The main outcome of 1921-22 non- cooperation movement was

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2005

    1. Hindu-Muslim unity
    2. More powers to provinces
    3. Increase in elected members to the Central Legislative Assembly
    4. Division in the Indian National Congress
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Hindu-Muslim unity

    - The Non-Cooperation Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, coincided with the Khilafat Movement. - This alliance brought Hindus and Muslims together on a common platform to protest against the British. - Leaders of both communities worked together, fostering a sense of solidarity and unified opposition to colonial rule, unseen on such a scale before.

  4. Consider the following statements: The Non- cooperation Movement led to the I. Congress becoming a mass movement for the first time. II. growth of Hindu Muslim unity. III. removal of fear of the British ‘might’ from the minds of the people. IV. British government’s willingness to grant political concessions to Indians. Of these statements

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 1996

    1. I, II, III and IV are correct
    2. II and II are correct
    3. I and III are correct
    4. III and IV are correct
    Show answer

    Answer: C. I and III are correct

    The Non-cooperation Movement (1920-1922) led to several significant consequences: I. The Congress successfully transformed into a mass movement, drawing participation from diverse sections of society for the first time on a large scale. III. The movement played a crucial role in reducing the fear of the British administration and its power ("British 'might'") among the Indian populace, encouraging them to participate in acts of defiance and civil disobedience.

Major incidents and events during the Movement (e.g., Moplah Rebellion, visit of Prince of Wales)

  1. Who was the first leader arrested in the non- cooperation movement?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2018

    1. Motilal Nehru
    2. C. R. Das
    3. Gandhi
    4. Hasrat Mohani
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Hasrat Mohani

    While large-scale arrests occurred throughout the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922), Maulana Hasrat Mohani, a poet, politician, and activist who gave the slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad', was arrested in September 1921 for participating in and promoting the movement, particularly related to the boycott of foreign goods and advocacy for complete independence.

  2. During which movement did Gandhiji call for boycott of the Prince of Wales ?

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2024

    1. Khilafat Movement
    2. Non-Cooperation Movement
    3. Civil Disobedience Movement
    4. Quit India Movement
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Non-Cooperation Movement

    The boycott involved hartals and demonstrations across the country on the day the Prince landed in Bombay and subsequently wherever he visited.

Origins and causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM)

  1. Whose death coincided with the launch of the non-cooperation movement in 1920?

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024

    1. GK Gokhale
    2. Motilal Nehru
    3. Dadabhai Naoroji
    4. Lokmanya Tilak
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Lokmanya Tilak

    Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent nationalist leader, passed away on August 1, 1920. This date also marked the official launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. His death evoked widespread grief and mourning, and his legacy was invoked during the movement.

  2. In which year was non-cooperation movement was launched?

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2023

    1. 1919
    2. 1920
    3. 1930
    4. 1947
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1920

    Key events leading to the movement included the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, the Rowlatt Act, and the Khilafat issue. The movement aimed at widespread non-violent resistance against British rule. It was formally approved by the Indian National Congress in sessions held in Calcutta (September 1920) and Nagpur (December 1920).

  3. Consider the following events and find out the chronological sequence of the events 1. Chauri chaura incident 2. Russo-Japanese war 3. Gandhiji returned from South Africa

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2019

    1. 1, 2, 3
    2. 2, 1, 3
    3. 3, 2, 1
    4. 2, 3, 1
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 2, 3, 1

    The Russo-Japanese War took place from 1904 to 1905, marking a significant shift in global power dynamics. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on January 9, 1915, after spending over two decades there. The Chauri Chaura incident, where protesters clashed with police leading to violence, occurred on February 4, 1922, and led to Mahatma Gandhi calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement.

  4. Which among the following was not a demand of Mahatma Gandhi to the Government as a condition of settlement before he launched the Non-cooperation movement ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2009

    1. The Government should withdraw the Rowlatt Act
    2. The Government should express regret for the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh
    3. The British government should behave leniently with Turkey
    4. The Government should put a better scheme of reforms than that of the Act of 1919
    Show answer

    Answer: D. The Government should put a better scheme of reforms than that of the Act of 1919

    - The Non-cooperation movement (1920-1922) was launched in response to the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat issue. - Gandhi's preconditions for cooperation or suspending agitation were directly related to addressing these grievances. - Demanding a fundamental improvement over the 1919 Act was a general nationalist goal but not one of the specific immediate conditions set by Gandhi to avert the Non- cooperation campaign.

  5. Which leader died on the day the Non-cooperation movement was launched in 1920?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2019

    1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
    2. Lala Lajpat Rai
    3. P. Sita Ramayya
    4. C. Rajagopalachari
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

    The death of Bal Gangadhar Tilak on the launch day of the Non-cooperation movement was a significant event that deeply impacted the nationalistic sentiments at the time.

  6. Which one of the following had supported the non-cooperation movement, but could not see its upshots?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2010

    1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
    2. Lala Lajpat Rai
    3. Motilal Nehru
    4. Chitranjan Das
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

    - The Non-cooperation Movement was launched on August 1, 1920. - Bal Gangadhar Tilak died on August 1, 1920. - Tilak was a strong proponent of Swadeshi and boycott, principles aligned with the Non-cooperation movement.

  7. The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2022 · Assistant Conservator of Forest (ACF) 2012

    1. 1930
    2. 1931
    3. 1920
    4. 1923
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1920

    The movement was initiated after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Treaty of Sevres which caused resentment among Indian Muslims. It aimed to resist British rule through non-violent means, including boycotts of British goods, institutions, and titles.

  8. The day M.K. Gandhi launched the Non-Co- operation Movement, a great National leader died, he was:

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2019

    1. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
    2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
    3. Pheroz Shah Mehta
    4. C.R. Das
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

    - Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a key leader of the Extremist faction of the Indian National Congress and a major proponent of Swaraj (self-rule). - His death on the day the Non-Co-operation Movement began was a significant moment, and his funeral was attended by a massive crowd. Funds were collected for the Tilak Swarajya Fund to support the movement.

  9. The immediate cause, which led to the launching of the Non-Cooperation Movement was the

    Asked in: APPSCCE 2020 Prelims 2020

    1. Rowlatt Act
    2. Khilafat Committee
    3. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
    4. Dissatisfaction with the Government of India Act
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Rowlatt Act

    The Rowlatt Act was the immediate cause that led to the launching of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Participation of various social groups (students, women, peasants, tribals, labor, middle class)

  1. Who left Patna College with just 20 days remaining for his examination during the Non- Cooperation Movement ?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 60 62rd

    1. Rajendra Prasad
    2. Braj Kishore
    3. Jai Prakash Narayan
    4. Sri Krishna Sinha
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Jai Prakash Narayan

    This act was a significant personal sacrifice and demonstrated the widespread impact of the Non- Cooperation Movement on students, inspiring many young people to abandon their studies and join the freedom struggle.

  2. A pleader of Bihar who left his lucrative practice during Non-Cooperation Movement was :

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 60 62rd

    1. Jai Prakash Narayan
    2. Rajendra Prasad
    3. Sahajanand Saraswati
    4. Raj Kumar Shukla
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Rajendra Prasad

    Many lawyers and professionals across India gave up their practices and jobs as part of the Non- Cooperation Movement, following Gandhi's call to boycott British institutions. Rajendra Prasad was a key figure in Bihar's freedom struggle and later became the first President of India.

  3. Who led cultivators in Bihar during the Non-cooperation Movement?

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 65th

    1. Swami Vidyanand
    2. Raj Kumar Shukla
    3. Shri Krishna Singh
    4. J. B. Sen
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Swami Vidyanand

    Swami Vidyanand's movement was significant in mobilizing peasants in parts of Bihar as part of the wider nationalist struggle and agrarian discontent during the early 1920s.

  4. Which of the following statements are not correct regarding the Non-Cooperation Movement in the towns? 1. Only the upper caste and the rich took part in the movement. 2. The council elections were boycotted even by the Justice Party of Madras. 3. Thousands of students left government- controlled schools, headmasters and teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their practice.

    Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 68th

    1. 1 and 3 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 2 only
    4. More than one of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1 and 2 only

    - The Non-Cooperation Movement in towns involved various social groups, not just upper caste/ rich. - The Justice Party of Madras did not boycott the 1920 council elections. - Boycott of government institutions (schools, courts) was a key feature.

  5. With reference to the E.V. Ramaswami Nayakar, which of the following statement/s is/ are correct? (1) He participated in the Non – Cooperation Movement. (2) He left the congress in 1925. Select the correct answer using the code given below – Code -

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2023

    1. Neither 1 nor 2
    2. Only 2
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Only 1
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both 1 and 2

    - Periyar was an influential figure in the nationalist movement in Tamil Nadu before founding the Self- Respect Movement. - His split from Congress was a significant event reflecting the social and caste issues within the broader independence movement.

  6. Which one of the following leaders was not a part of Noncooperation movement ?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2009

    1. M. A. Ansari
    2. M. A. Zinnah
    3. Abul Kalam Azad
    4. Hakim Ajmal Khan
    Show answer

    Answer: B. M. A. Zinnah

    Muhammad Ali Jinnah initially participated in the Indian National Congress but grew apart due to ideological differences with Mahatma Gandhi, particularly regarding the method of non-cooperation and the integration of the Khilafat issue with the nationalist movement. He resigned from the Indian National Congress in 1920 before the Non-cooperation Movement formally began.

  7. In which of the following Province, courts were boycotted the most by lawyers during the Non-cooperation Movement? - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Archivist) 2024

    1. Uttar Pradesh
    2. Bengal
    3. Karnataka
    4. Punjab
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Bengal

    This question assesses knowledge of the various methods of protest employed during the Non-Cooperation Movement and their regional impact. Specifically, it focuses on the participation of the legal profession in the boycott of institutions.

  8. Who among the following became famous as Volunteer Bai for her active participation in the Non-Cooperation Movement?

    Asked in: GS and General English JE Civil PWD 05 2025

    1. Rohini Choudhury
    2. Bidyut Prabha Devi
    3. Bhogeswari Phukanani
    4. Bhanumati Talukdar
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Bidyut Prabha Devi

    The Non-Cooperation Movement saw significant participation from women across India, who contributed in various capacities. Bidyut Prabha Devi is a notable example from Assam.

Role of Charkha, Khadi, and national institutions

  1. The distribution of charkhas on a wide scale among the people was decided by :

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2024

    1. Congress Working Committee in 1919
    2. All India Congress Committee in 1921
    3. Mahatma Gandhi at the start of Dandi March
    4. All India Congress Committee in 1947
    Show answer

    Answer: B. All India Congress Committee in 1921

    The resolution at Bezwada was part of the preparatory phase for the Non-Cooperation Movement, emphasizing self-reliance and boycott of foreign goods through the promotion of Khadi and village industries.

  2. Which of the following institutions were founded during the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) ? Kashi Vidyapeeth Gujarat Vidyapeeth Jamia Milia Kashi Hindu Vishva Vidyalaya Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2005

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 2 and 3 only
    4. Ail the above
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1, 2 and 3 only

    The Non-Cooperation Movement saw a boycott of British institutions, including educational ones. As a constructive program, national institutions were established to provide education based on Indian values and needs.

Stages and spread of the Movement across different regions

  1. Statement I : Non-cooperation movement began in Punjab with the student movement inspired by Lala Lajpat Rai in January 1921. Statement II : The Sikh dominated central Punjab countryside was stirred by the powerful Akali upsurge.

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2019

    1. Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.
    2. Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I.
    3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
    4. Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

    The Non-Cooperation movement was a national initiative from Jan 1921. The Akali movement was a distinct but related movement in Punjab during the same period.

  2. Statement I : The United Provinces during Non-Cooperation became one of the strongest bases of the Congress. Statement II : The literary outcrop of Non-Cooperation in Bengal was quite meagre compared to the days of the Swadeshi agitation.

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2019

    1. Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.
    2. Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I.
    3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
    4. Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I.

    UP was a major centre for NCM; Swadeshi period had significant literary output in Bengal.

Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement: Reasons and justifications

  1. When was the Non-cooperation movement suspended?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2019

    1. 1918
    2. 1920
    3. 1922
    4. 1924
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1922

    Mahatma Gandhi decided to suspend the movement because it turned violent in Chauri Chaura (Uttar Pradesh), where a mob of peasants burnt down a police station, killing several policemen.