Regional States: Punjab and Mysore is part of Modern History of India. Below are notes on 10 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.

Anglo-Sikh Relations and Major Treaties (e.g., Treaty of Amritsar)

Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Consolidated Sikh 1. misls into a powerful kingdom in Punjab by early 19th century. Treaty of Amritsar (1809): 2.

    • Parties: Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company.
    • British Representative: Charles T. Metcalfe.
    • British Governor-General: Lord Minto I.
    • Key Provision: The Sutlej River was established as the boundary between Ranjit Singh's territories and British India.
    • Consequence: Ranjit Singh was allowed to expand his empire north of the Sutlej, subsequently annexing regions like Jammu, Multan, and Kashmir.
    • Nawab paid a war indemnity of Rs. 50 lakhs to the EIC.
    • EIC secured duty-free trading rights in Awadh.
    • EIC promised to defend Awadh against attack, for which the Nawab would pay for their services.
  • Significance: Formalized the EIC's political and administrative power in India, moving beyond mere trading.
  • Chronological Context:
    • Invasion of Nadir Shah (1739)
    • Third Battle of Panipat (1761)
    • Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa transferred (1765)
    • Impeachment of Warren Hastings (1788-1795)
  • First Tribal Contact: After the grant of Diwani in 1765, the British first came into contact with the Khasis tribe.

First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846): 3.

    • Cause: Breakdown of Anglo-Sikh relations, British expansionist policies, and the Sikh Khalsa Army's crossing of the Sutlej River in 1845 (violating the 1809 treaty).
    • British Governor-General: Lord Hardinge. Treaty of Lahore (March 9, 1846): 4.
    • Concluded after the First Anglo-Sikh War between the British and the Lahore Durbar (Sikh state).
    • Key Provisions:
      • Sikhs ceded the Jalandhar Doab (territories between the Sutlej and Beas rivers) to the British.
      • War indemnity of 1.5 crore rupees imposed on the Sikh state.
      • Sikh army strength was drastically reduced.
      • A British Resident (Henry Lawrence) was stationed at Lahore.
      • Kashmir and Hazara were ceded by the Sikhs to the British as part of the war indemnity. Treaty of Amritsar (March 16, 1846): 5.
    • Signed between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh (Dogra ruler of Jammu).
    • Key Provision: The British sold Kashmir (which they acquired from the Sikhs in the Treaty of Lahore) to Gulab Singh for 75 lakh rupees.
    • Gulab Singh was recognized as the independent Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849): 6.
    • Led to the complete annexation of Punjab by Lord Dalhousie in 1849.

Context of 18th Century Regional State Formation

  • Maratha Confederacy: Treaties with British (Chronological): 1.
      • Treaty of Surat (1775)
      • Treaty of Purandar (1776)
      • Convention of Wadgaon (1779)
      • Treaty of Salbai (1782) - Ended First Anglo-Maratha War. First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782): 2. English captured Ahmedabad; Ended indecisively with Treaty of Salbai, restoring status quo. Maratha Expansion/Influence: 3.
      • Pilaji Gaekwad penetrated Surat in 1723.
      • Marathas levied regular tribute on Gujarat in 1723.
      • Mughal governor Sarbuland Khan defeated by Pilaji Gaekwad and Bande in 1726.
      • Maratha commander Bhaskar Pant attacked Ratanpur during the tenure of Raghunath Singh.
      • Marathas supported Budh Singh in the Bundi succession war. Rise of Peshwas: 4.
      • Balaji Baji Rao (Nana Saheb) (1740-1761) - During his tenure, the Maratha King became a nonentity and the Peshwa became the virtual ruler, formalized by the Sangola Agreement (1750). Weaknesses leading to Downfall: 5.
      • Political system alienated sympathies of other people.
      • Raids into other territories created new enemies.
      • Levies (Chauth, Sardeshmukhi) added to oppression of common people.
      • Lacked a clear concept of a united Indian nation. Second Anglo-Maratha War 6. (1803-1805) Causes:
      • Difference of opinion/disunity among Maratha sardars (Scindia, Holkar, Bhonsle).
      • Incapability/weakness of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
      • Peshwa Baji Rao II signed Treaty of Bassein (1802) (a Subsidiary Alliance) with the British, which other Maratha chiefs disregarded/rejected.
      • Imperialistic thrust of British. Marathas emerged as the strongest 7. native power after the decline of the Mughal Empire.
  • Awadh: Founder: Saadat Khan (Burhan-ul1. Mulk). First Nawab Wazir: Saadat Khan. 2.
  • Hyderabad: Founder of Independent Kingdom: 1. Chin Qilich Khan (Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah I). The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of 2. Hyderabad State.
  • Mysore: The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of 1. the Vijayanagara Empire.
  • Rohilkhand: Formed from territories in Katehr 1. region due to breakdown of Mughal authority; not formed out of territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani. Founded by Daud Khan and Ali Muhammad Khan.
  • Maharana Pratap: Established his new capital at Chavand 1. in 1585 AD.

First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars: Causes and Consequences

  • First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769)
  • Causes: British support to Nizam against Haider Ali; Haider's growing power and expansionist policies; British interference in Mysore's political affairs.
  • Key Event: Haider Ali advanced on Madras, forcing British to negotiate.
  • Outcome: Haider Ali emerged victorious.
  • Treaty: Ended by Treaty of Madras (1769).
  • Treaty of Madras Provisions: Mutual restitution of conquests; British promised to help Haider Ali if attacked by other powers (e.g., Marathas).
  • Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784)
  • Causes:
    • British failure to uphold Treaty of Madras (1769) by not aiding Haider Ali against Marathas in 1771.
    • British capture of Mahe (French settlement under Haider Ali's protection).
    • Mysore-French cooperation, intolerable to British.
    • Formation of a Triple Alliance by Haider Ali (with Marathas and Nizam) against the British.
  • Key Battles/Events:
    • 1780: Tipu Sultan defeated British forces under Colonel Baillie at Pollilur.
    • 1781: General Eyre Coote defeated Haider Ali at Porto Novo.
    • Haider Ali died in 1782 (cancer); Tipu Sultan continued the war.
    • Other battles: Trincomalee, Nagapattinam.
  • Outcome: Inconclusive, no clear victor.
  • Treaty: Ended by Treaty of Mangalore (1784).
  • Treaty of Mangalore Provisions: Mutual restitution of conquests; restored status quo ante bellum.
  • Treaties Chronology (Relevant for MCQs):
    • Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) First Carnatic War
    • Treaty of Paris (1763) - Third Carnatic War
    • Treaty of Madras (1769) - First AngloMysore War
    • Treaty of Salbai (1782) - First AngloMaratha War
    • Treaty of Mangalore (1784) - Second Anglo-Mysore War
    • Treaty of Srirangapatnam (1792) Third Anglo-Mysore War

First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) and its Aftermath

  • First Anglo-Sikh War: Fought from 1845-1846.
  • Causes: Power struggles and instability in Punjab after Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death (1839), coupled with British expansionist policies and troop movements across the Sutlej.
  • Key Sikh Figures (Treachery): Lal Singh (Prime Minister) and Tej Singh (Commanderin-Chief) deliberately betrayed the Sikh cause by weakening their forces during crucial battles.
  • Decisive Battle: The Battle of Sobraon (February 1846) proved decisive, leading to heavy Sikh losses and ultimate defeat.
  • Conclusion: The war ended with the Treaty of Lahore (March 9, 1846).
  • Provisions of the Treaty of Lahore (1846):
    • Sikhs ceded the Jalandhar Doab (territory between the Beas and Sutlej rivers) to the British.
    • War indemnity of 1.5 crore rupees was imposed. As the Sikh state couldn't pay, Kashmir (and its dependencies) was sold to Gulab Singh Dogra for 75 lakh rupees, making him the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir (ratified by the Treaty of Amritsar, March 16, 1846).
    • Sikh army size was drastically reduced.
    • A British Resident (Sir Henry Lawrence) was appointed at Lahore.
    • Maharaja Duleep Singh was recognized as ruler, with Rani Jindan as regent and Lal Singh as Wazir.
    • Punjab's foreign policy came under British control.
  • Aftermath: Treaty of Bhairowal (December 1846):
    • Rani Jindan was removed from her regency.
    • A Council of Regency, comprising eight Sikh sardars, was established under the strict supervision of the British Resident.
    • British troops were allowed to be stationed in Punjab, with the Sikh state bearing their expenses.
  • Note: The Second Anglo-Sikh War occurred later, from 1848-1849.

Hyder Ali's Administration, Military Reforms, and Diplomatic Engagements

Hyder Ali (1720-1782) began his career as a 1. military officer in the service of the Mysore state. 1755: Appointed Faujdar (chief military and 2. revenue officer) of Dindigal. Military Reforms: Established a modern ar3. moury in Dindigal in 1755 to train his soldiers in European methods and improve artillery. Employed French experts (e.g., De La Tour) 4. to modernize his army, including Europeanstyle infantry, artillery, and musketry. Developed an efficient military administra5. tion and significantly expanded his army. Administration: Gradually usurped power 6. from the Wodeyar dynasty's regents (Nanjraj and Devraj), becoming the de facto ruler of Mysore by 1761. Implemented a centralized and robust land 7. revenue system to fund his growing military. Diplomatic Engagements: Characterized by 8. shifting alliances, primarily against the British, Marathas, and the Nizam of Hyderabad. Initially formed an alliance with the Marathas 9. and the Nizam against the British during the First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769). His foreign policy aimed to secure Mysore's 10. independence and expand its territories, often involving conflicts with the Marathas over territorial claims.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Administration, Military, and Revenue System

  • Maharaja Ranjit Singh's capital was Lahore.
  • He belonged to the Sukerchakia Misl.
  • Jean-Francois Allard and Jean-Baptiste Ventura were European generals (with Napoleonic experience) who served in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, modernizing it.
  • The Battle of Balakot (1831 AD) was fought between Maharaja Ranjit Singh's forces and Syed Ahmad Barelvi (Wahabi leader).
  • Maharaja Ranjit Singh established the Adalat-i-Ala (highest court) in Lahore.
  • He famously stated, "God intended me to look upon all religions with one eye, that is why he took away the light from the other," reflecting his secular outlook.
  • He set up modern foundries in Lahore to manufacture cannons, indicating military modernization.
  • In 1799 AD, Zaman Shah, the Afghan ruler of Kabul, appointed Ranjit Singh as the Governor of Lahore.

Rise of the Sikh Misls and Consolidation of Punjab

  • The 12 Sikh confederacies were called Misls.
  • The chronological order of European travellers in Punjab and Shimla Hill states is: Thomas Coryat (early 17th century), George Forster (late 18th century), William Moorcroft (early 19th century), Godfrey Vigne (mid 19th century).
  • In 1804 A.D., rulers of Bilaspur, Mandi, Chamba, and other small rulers of Kangra area invited Gurkha Army Chief Amar Singh Thapa to invade Kangra.
  • Ranjit Singh belonged to the Sukerchakia Misl.
  • Key Misl associations: Sukerchakia - Naudh Singh (or Charat Singh), Nishanwalia - Dasaundha Singh, Bhangi - Hari Singh, Nakkai - Hira Singh (not Jai Singh).
  • The original name of Banda Bahadur was Lachhman Dev (or Lachhman Das).
  • The Unionist Party was a political party based in Punjab during British rule.

Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49) and Annexation of Punjab

  • Second Anglo-Sikh War: 1848-49.
  • British Governor-General during the war: Lord Dalhousie.
  • Key battles of the war: Battle of Ramnagar (Nov 1848), Battle of Chillianwala (Jan 1849), Battle of Gujarat (Feb 1849). The Battle of Gujarat was the decisive British victory.
  • Following the British victory, Punjab was annexed to the British East India Company.
  • The annexation of Punjab occurred in the year 1849.
  • The last King of the Sikh Kingdom was Maharaja Duleep Singh (also spelled Daleep Singh).
  • Maharaja Duleep Singh signed the papers related to the merger of Punjab with the British empire on March 29, 1849.
  • Duleep Singh was pensioned off and sent to England.

Third and Fourth Anglo-Mysore Wars: The Fall of Tipu Sultan

  • First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769): Hyder Ali defeated the British, ended with Treaty of Madras.
  • Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784): Hyder Ali died in 1782; Tipu Sultan continued the war. Tipu defeated British forces under Baillie at Pollilur (1780). Ended with Treaty of Mangalore.
  • Tipu Sultan: Son of Hyder Ali, became ruler of Mysore in 1782.
  • "King of the Two Worlds": Title often associated with Tipu Sultan.
  • Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792):
    • Cause: Tipu's attack on Travancore (British ally).
    • British Governor-General: Lord Cornwallis.
    • Outcome: Tipu Sultan was defeated.
    • Treaty: Concluded by the Treaty of Srirangapatnam (1792).
    • Provisions of Treaty of Srirangapatnam:
      • Tipu ceded half of his territories to the British, Marathas, and Nizam.
      • Tipu paid a war indemnity of 3.3 crore rupees to the British.
      • Two of Tipu's sons were taken as hostages by the British until the indemnity was paid.
      • Did NOT include acceptance of Subsidiary Alliance by Tipu Sultan.
  • Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799):
    • Cause: Tipu's alliances with the French, refusal of Lord Wellesley's Subsidiary Alliance.
    • British Governor-General: Lord Wellesley.
    • Outcome: Tipu Sultan was decisively defeated and killed defending his capital Srirangapatnam on May 4, 1799.
    • Aftermath: Mysore territory was divided; a small portion was restored to the Wodeyar dynasty under a Subsidiary Alliance.

Tipu Sultan: Reforms (Administrative, Economic, Military) and Foreign Policy

  • Administrative & Social Reforms:
    • Planted the 'Tree of Liberty' at Srirangapatnam.
    • Became a member of the 'Jacobin Club'.
    • Donated funds for the reconstruction of the Goddess Sharda image in the Sringeri Temple after its looting in 1791 AD.
    • Introduced new coinage, weights, and measures.
  • Economic Reforms:
    • Encouraged the growth of coffee.
    • Promoted state control over certain trades and fostered trade with foreign countries.
  • Military Reforms:
    • Built a modern navy.
    • Modernized his army with French assistance, introducing new muskets and cannons.
    • Sent ambassadors to France to acquire European technology for military and industrial development.

4. Governor/Governor General/Viceroy

Practice MCQs: Regional States: Punjab and Mysore

Anglo-Sikh Relations and Major Treaties (e.g., Treaty of Amritsar)

  1. The *Treaty of Amritsar* (1809) was an agreement between Ranjit Singh and .........................

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2018

    1. Wellesley
    2. Metcalfe
    3. Bentinck
    4. Mayo
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Metcalfe

    - The treaty was signed on April 25, 1809, between Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire, and the British East India Company. - Charles Theophilus Metcalfe was sent by the British Governor-General Lord Minto to negotiate the treaty. - The treaty established the Sutlej River as the boundary between Ranjit Singh's territories and the British possessions/protected Sikh states.

  2. The Treaty of Amritsar was concluded between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and

    Asked in: JPSC CS Prelims 2024

    1. Lord Cornwallis
    2. Lord Dalhousie
    3. Lord Hastings
    4. Lord Minto
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Lord Minto

    The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) defined the spheres of influence for Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company, preventing Ranjit Singh's expansion south of the Sutlej.

  3. When did Ranjit Singh sign a treaty of perpetual friendship with British at Amritsar ?

    Asked in: OPSC CS Prelims 2015

    1. 1799
    2. 1805
    3. 1806
    4. 1809
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1809

    The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was a crucial agreement that maintained peace between Ranjit Singh and the British for nearly three decades, allowing Ranjit Singh to consolidate power north of the Sutlej.

  4. Consider the following statements about the Treaty of Amritsar (1809): 1. The Treaty fixed the Sutlej as the boundary between the Punjab and British India 2. It was after this treaty that Maharaja Ranjit Singh was able to annex Jammu, Multan and Kashmir to his domains Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2020

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Both 1 and 2

    The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was a significant agreement between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company that defined their respective spheres of influence along the Sutlej River. It allowed Ranjit Singh to consolidate and expand his power north of the river.

  5. In which of the following years, the boundary line of river Sutlej agreed between the Sikhs and the British as per the Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was broken between the two parties?

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Archivist) 2024

    1. 1843
    2. 1839
    3. 1845
    4. 1830
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1845

    The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) established the Sutlej River as the boundary between the territories of Ranjit Singh and the British. The Sikhs maintained control of territories west of the Sutlej, while the British claimed dominance over those east of it.

  6. By which of the following treaties, Kashmir was sold to Sikh Sardar Gulab Singh? - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Archivist) 2024

    1. Treaty of Gandamak
    2. Treaty of Bhairowal
    3. Treaty of Lahore
    4. Treaty of Amritsar
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Treaty of Amritsar

    The Treaty of Amritsar was a direct consequence of the First Anglo-Sikh War. Following the defeat of the Sikh Empire, the British sought to establish control and influence in the region, leading to the sale of Kashmir to Gulab Singh.

  7. Which of the following statements is/are correct in the context of the Treaty of Lahore (1846)? I. The Maharaja left all his territories beyond the river Satluj forever. II. The Maharaja left his rights over all the forts between the Satluj and Beas rivers in favour of the Company. III. The English army could no longer pass through the Sikh State. Select the correct answer from the codes given below : (a) Only I and II (b) Only I (c) I, II and III (d) Only II and III

    Asked in: RO ARO pre 2023

    1. Only I and II
    2. Only I
    3. I, II and III
    4. Only II and III
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Only I and II

    This question requires specific knowledge of historical treaties in India, particularly the Treaty of Lahore, which marked a significant turning point in the Anglo-Sikh Wars and the fate of the Sikh Empire.

Context of 18th Century Regional State Formation

  1. Chronologically arrange the following treaties/conventions signed between the Marathas and the British (starting with the earliest) : 1. Treaty of Salbai 2. Treaty of Purandar 3. Convention of Wadgaon 4. Treaty of Surat Select the correct answer using the code given below :

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2021

    1. 4-2-3-1
    2. 4-3-2-1
    3. 1-3-2-4
    4. 1-2-3-4
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 4-2-3-1

    - Treaty of Surat (1775): Signed between the British Bombay Government and Raghunathrao (claimant to the Peshwaship), initiating the First Anglo- Maratha War. - Treaty of Purandar (1776): Signed between Colonel Upton on behalf of the British Calcutta Council (who repudiated the Treaty of Surat) and the Maratha regency council. - Convention of Wadgaon (1779): Signed after the British forces were defeated by the Marathas near Wadgaon. It was highly unfavourable to the British. - Treaty of Salbai (1782): Concluded the First Anglo-Maratha War, mediated by Mahadaji Scindia. It restored peace and confirmed Maratha supremacy in the region while giving the British control over Salsette.

  2. Who was the first Nawab Wazir of Awadh in the 18th century?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2018

    1. Nawab Safdarjung
    2. Nawab Saadat Ali Khan
    3. Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula
    4. Nawab Saadat Khan
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Nawab Saadat Khan

    Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk was appointed the Nizam (Governor) of Awadh by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah in 1722. He gradually asserted his independence from the weakening central Mughal authority, laying the foundation for the autonomous state of Awadh in the 18th century. He is considered the founder and first Nawab Wazir of Awadh.

  3. During the tenure of which king of Ratanpur, Maratha Commander Bhaskar Pant had attacked?

    Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2020

    1. Ratnaraj
    2. Raghunath Singh
    3. Prithvi Dev I
    4. Amar Singh
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Raghunath Singh

    Bhaskar Pant, a general of the Nagpur Maratha ruler Raghuji Bhonsle I, invaded the Kalachuri kingdom of Ratanpur in 1741. The last independent Kalachuri king of Ratanpur at that time was Raghunath Singh.

  4. Which among the following was/were the consequences of the First Anglo-Maratha War? I. The English captured Ahmedabad. II. Mahadaji Scindhia was recognized as the Peshwa. III. The Scindhia signed the 'Treaty of Kharda' to establish peace in the Maratha kingdom.

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2021

    1. I and II only
    2. II and III only
    3. I only
    4. II only
    Show answer

    Answer: C. I only

    Statement I is correct. During the First Anglo- Maratha War (1775-1782), the British forces under General Goddard captured Ahmedabad in February

  5. Statement II is incorrect. Mahadaji Scindia was a powerful Maratha chief who played a significant role in the war and the subsequent Treaty of Salbai, but he was not recognized as the Peshwa. The Peshwa during and after the war remained Madhavrao II (under the regency of Nana Phadnavis). Statement III is incorrect. The Treaty of Kharda (1795) was a conflict between the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad, resulting in a Maratha victory.

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2022

    1. 1 and 3 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 2 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: C. 1 and 2 only

    It occurred well after the First Anglo-Maratha War ended (1782) and was not signed by Scindia to establish peace within the Maratha kingdom or with the British after the first war. 12. Which of the following statements are correct? 1. The Marathas under Pilaji Gaekwad penetrated as far as Surat in 1723. 2. The Marathas levied a regular tribute on Gujarat in 1723. 3. The Mughal governor Sarbuland Khan was defeated by Pilaji Gaekwad and Bande in 1726. - Maratha raids into Gujarat, led by figures like Pilaji Gaekwad, were active in the 1720s. - Marathas began levying Chauth and Sardeshmukhi (tribute) on Gujarat in this period. - Sarbuland Khan, the Mughal governor, conceded Maratha demands for Chauth and Sardeshmukhi in 1726, primarily due to sustained Maratha pressure, rather than a decisive defeat by specific individuals that year.

  6. The Maratha power suffered from certain basic weaknesses which led to its downfall. Which of the following was not one among them?

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2014

    1. The nature of their political system the Marathas alienated the sympathies of other people.
    2. Their raids into the territories of other rulers made new enemies.
    3. The levies charged by them added to the op‐ pression of the common people, particularly peasants and traders.
    4. None of the above.
    Show answer

    Answer: D. None of the above.

    The decline of the Maratha Empire was due to various factors, including internal weaknesses in their political system, constant warfare, economic exploitation of territories, and lack of a cohesive administrative structure across their vast domains.

  7. Who among the following was the founder of the Avadh Kingdom in the 18th century ?

    Asked in: UPSC NDA 2 2017

    1. Murshid Quli Khan
    2. Saadat Khan
    3. Alivardi Khan
    4. Sarfaraz Khan
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Saadat Khan

    He was appointed the Subahdar (governor) of Avadh in 1722 and gradually asserted his independence from the weakening Mughal Empire, though he maintained nominal allegiance.

  8. With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State. 2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanagara Empire. 3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    Asked in: UPSC IAS 2021

    1. 1 and 2
    2. 2 only
    3. 2 and 3
    4. 3 only
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 1 and 2

    - The Nizamat of Arcot emerged from the Hyderabad State's authority. - The Mysore Kingdom emerged from the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire. - The Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed by Afghan Rohillas in the early 18th century out of Mughal territories, not territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.

  9. The Maratha King became a nonentity and the Peshwa the virtual ruler from the time of—

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2011

    1. Balaji Vishwanath
    2. Baji Rao I
    3. Balaji Rao
    4. Madnav Rao I
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Balaji Rao

    While Peshwas like Balaji Vishwanath and Baji Rao I significantly increased the power and influence of the Peshwa office at the expense of the King (Chhatrapati), the formal transformation occurred during the reign of Balaji Baji Rao (Peshwa from 1740 to 1761). The Treaty of Sangola signed in 1750 legalized the transfer of authority from the Chhatrapati to the Peshwa, making the Peshwa the de facto head of the Maratha Confederacy with the King confined to Satara as a titular head.

  10. Who among the following was the founder of Independent Kingdom of Hyderabad ?

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2011

    1. Qamaruddin Khan
    2. Mohammad Amin Khan
    3. Asad Khan
    4. Chin Qilich Khan
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Chin Qilich Khan

    He was a prominent noble in the later Mughal Empire who served as the viceroy of the Deccan. As the Mughal Empire declined, he consolidated his power and established de facto independent rule in the Deccan region around 1724, founding the Asaf Jahi dynasty.

First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars: Causes and Consequences

  1. Match List I with List II : List I List II (Important wars) (End with Treaty) (a) First Carnatic War (i) Treaty of Madras (b) Third Carnatic War (ii) Treaty of Mangalore (c) First Anglo-Mysore (iii) Treaty of Paris War (d) Second Anglo- (iv) Treaty of Aix-la- Mysore War Chapelle Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

    Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2023

    1. (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
    2. (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
    3. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
    4. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
    Show answer

    Answer: C. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

    - (a) First Carnatic War (1746-1748): This war was an extension of the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe. It concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (or Aachen) in 1748, which restored the pre-war status quo in India. - (b) Third Carnatic War (1756-1763): This war was part of the global Seven Years' War. It ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The French lost most of their possessions in India, effectively ending their aspirations for political dominance. - (c) First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769): Fought between the British East India Company and Hyder Ali of Mysore. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Madras in 1769. - (d) Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784): Fought between the British East India Company and Hyder Ali and later Tipu Sultan of Mysore. It concluded with the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784.

  2. Which one among the following wars was ended by the Treaty of Madras ?

    Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2011

    1. First Carnatic war
    2. Second Carnatic war
    3. First Mysore war
    4. Second Mysore war
    Show answer

    Answer: C. First Mysore war

    The Treaty of Madras was the first treaty signed between the English East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore, ruled by Hyder Ali.

  3. Who emerged victorious in the first Anglo- Mysore War (1766-69)?

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2015

    1. English
    2. Haider Ali
    3. Maratha
    4. Nizam of Hyderabad
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Haider Ali

    The war concluded with the Treaty of Madras (1769), which was largely on terms favourable to Haider Ali, including a mutual restoration of territories and a defensive alliance clause.

  4. Tipu Sultan defeated the British army in 1780 at

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2009

    1. Hyderabad
    2. Pollilur
    3. Srirangapatnam
    4. Nizamabad
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Pollilur

    The Battle of Pollilur took place in September 1780 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. In this battle, the forces of Mysore, led by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, inflicted a severe defeat on the British East India Company's forces led by Colonel William Baillie. This was one of the worst defeats suffered by the British in India.

  5. Which of the following statements about the causes of the Second Anglo-Mysore War are correct? Consider the following statements: (i) The British had tried to conquer 'Mahi'. (ii) Mysore- French Cooperation was intolerable to the British. (iii) According to the Treaty of 1769 the British did not help Mysore. (iv) The British, alongwith the Nizam and the Marathas, had formed a joint front against Mysore. Select the correct answer - - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Assistant Archivist) 2024

    1. (i), (ii) and (iii)
    2. (i), (ii) and (iv)
    3. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
    4. (i), (iii) and (iv)
    Show answer

    Answer: B. (i), (ii) and (iv)

    This question requires an understanding of the causes and contributing factors leading to the Second Anglo-Mysore War, a significant conflict in South Indian history. It tests knowledge of the political alliances and specific actions of the British and Mysore during that period.

  6. Which one of the following battle was not fought in Second Anglo-Mysore War? - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Assistant Archivist) 2024

    1. Pune
    2. Trincomalee
    3. Porto Novo
    4. Nagapattinam
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Pune

    The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) involved several battles and skirmishes. Battles like Trincomalee (fought in 1782 in Sri Lanka, involving British and French forces allied with Mysore), Porto Novo (fought in 1781, a significant victory for Hyder Ali against the British), and Nagapattinam (fought in 1782) were part of this conflict. Pune, on the other hand, was a major centre of the Maratha Confederacy, and while the Marathas were allies of Hyder Ali during this war, Pune itself was not a battleground of the Anglo- Mysore conflict.

  7. Choose the correct chronological order of the following War Treaties – I. Treaty of Salbai II. Treaty of Srirangapatnam III. Treaty of Mangalore IV. Treaty of Madras Code - (1) IV, I, III, II (2) III, I, IV, II (3) I, II, III, IV (4) III, IV, II, I - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Research Scholar) 2024

    1. (1) IV, I, III, II
    2. (2) III, I, IV, II
    3. (3) I, II, III, IV
    4. (4) III, IV, II, I
    Show answer

    Answer: D. (4) III, IV, II, I

    The treaties are listed with their corresponding wars and years: - Treaty of Madras (1769): Ended the First Anglo-Mysore War. - Treaty of Salbai (1782): Ended the First Anglo-Maratha War. - Treaty of Mangalore (1784): Ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War. - Treaty of Srirangapatnam (1792): Ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War.Arranging these years chronologically: 1769, 1782, 1784, 1792. This corresponds to the sequence: IV, I, III, II.

  8. The First Anglo-Mysore War, fought between the British and Hyder Ali from 1767 to 1769, concluded with which of the following agreements ?

    Asked in: ASO 2025

    1. Treaty of Srirangapattanam
    2. Treaty of Salbai
    3. Treaty of Madras
    4. Treaty of Mangalore
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Treaty of Madras

    The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769) concluded with the Treaty of Madras. This treaty established peace between the British and Hyder Ali, restoring pre-war territories.

First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) and its Aftermath

  1. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? AD 1767-69 First Anglo Maratha War AD 1790-92 Third Mysore War AD 1824-26 First Anglo Burmese War AD 1845-46 Second Sikh War Codes: A B C D a) 2 and 4 b) 3 and 4 c) 1 and 2 d) 2 and 3

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2004

    1. 2 and 4
    2. 3 and 4
    3. 1 and 2
    4. 2 and 3
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 2 and 3

    This question tests the knowledge of key conflicts during the expansion of British power in India. Knowing the dates of the major Anglo-Indian wars (Mysore, Maratha, Sikh, Burmese) is important for understanding the chronology of British conquest.

  2. Which of the following facts are correct about the First Anglo-Sikh War? (i) The Battle of Sobraon proved decisive. (ii) In this, Lal Singh and Tej Singh fought bravely. (iii) The Sikhs had to suffer huge losses. (iv) The Sikhs had to accept the Treaty of Lahore. Select the correct answer - (1) (i), (ii) and (iv) (2) (iii) and (iv) (3) (i), (ii) and (iii) (4) (i), (iii) and (iv) (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Assistant Archivist) 2024

    1. (i), (ii) and (iv)
    2. (iii) and (iv)
    3. (i), (ii) and (iii)
    4. (i), (iii) and (iv)
    Show answer

    Answer: D. (i), (iii) and (iv)

    The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846) concluded with the Battle of Sobraon (February 10, 1846), which proved decisive and led to a Sikh defeat. The Treaty of Lahore was subsequently signed, imposing harsh terms on the Sikhs. While the Sikh army suffered significant losses, the claim that Lal Singh and Tej Singh fought bravely is debatable and often viewed critically by historians, as they are accused of betraying the Sikh cause by cooperating with the British. Therefore, statement (ii) is questionable.

Hyder Ali's Administration, Military Reforms, and Diplomatic Engagements

  1. Who among the following established a modem armoury in Dindigal Mysore in 1755?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2020

    1. Nanjraj
    2. Haider Ali
    3. Devraj
    4. Chikka Krishnaraj
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Haider Ali

    Haider Ali, who rose through the ranks in the Mysore army and eventually became the de facto ruler, is credited with establishing a modern arsenal at Dindigul in 1755. This was a significant step in modernizing the military capabilities of the Mysore state, utilizing the expertise of French technicians and advisors.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Administration, Military, and Revenue System

  1. The capital of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2023

    1. Taxila
    2. Peshawar
    3. Jalandhar
    4. Lahore
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Lahore

    Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled from 1801 to 1839, expanding his empire across the Punjab region.

  2. Maharaja Ranjit Singh met with Jean-Francois Allard and Jean-Baptiste Ventura. Which of the above statement/s is/are correct? a. Maharaja Ranjit Singh came from Karodia Mai Misl. b. Jean-Francois Allard and Jean-Baptiste Ventura were two Napoleonic generals.

    Asked in: HAS Prelims 2021

    1. Only a
    2. Only b
    3. Both a and b
    4. Neither a nor b
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Only b

    - Statement (a) is incorrect because Maharaja Ranjit Singh belonged to the Sukerchakia Misl, not the Karorasinghia Misl. - Statement (b) is correct because Jean-Francois Allard (French) and Jean- Baptiste Ventura (Italian) were military officers who had served under Napoleon Bonaparte before joining Maharaja Ranjit Singh's service around 1822 to modernize his Khalsa Army along European lines. They are commonly referred to as Napoleonic officers or generals.

  3. Which of the above statement/ statements are correct ? a. Maharaja Ranjit Singh came from Karorasinghia Mai Misl. b. Jean-Francois Allard and Jean Baptiste Ventura were the two Napoleonic generals in service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

    Asked in: HAS Prelims 2021

    1. Only a
    2. Only b
    3. Both a and b
    4. Neither a nor b
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Only b

    - Statement (a) is incorrect because Maharaja Ranjit Singh belonged to the Sukerchakia Misl, one of the twelve Sikh Misls, not the Karorasinghia Misl. - Statement (b) is correct because Jean-Francois Allard and Jean-Baptiste Ventura were indeed military officers who had served under Napoleon Bonaparte's command. They were recruited by Maharaja Ranjit Singh to train and modernize his army (the Fauj-i-Khas) on European lines.

  4. The battle of Balakot was fought in 1831 A.D. between the forces of

    Asked in: PPSC CS Prelims 2013

    1. East India Company and the Afghans
    2. East India Company and the Marathas
    3. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Marathas
    4. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Syed Ahmad Barelvi
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Syed Ahmad Barelvi

    The battle took place on May 6, 1831, in Balakot (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan). Syed Ahmad Barelvi, leading a reformist Islamic movement, had declared jihad against the Sikh Empire ruling the Peshawar region.

  5. At which place did Raja Ranjit Singh set up the Adalat-i-Ala?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2021

    1. Amritsar
    2. Lahore
    3. Firozpur
    4. Multan
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Lahore

    Lahore was the capital of the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The Adalat-i-Ala was the highest court of appeal established during his rule, responsible for reviewing decisions from lower courts. It was located in the capital city.

  6. W ho among the following had said, 'God intended me to look upon all religions with one eye, that is why he took away the light from the other' ?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2011 · UPPSC Upper Mains 2007

    1. Maharaja Ranjit Singh
    2. Maharaja Sher Singh
    3. Maharaja Dalip Singh
    4. None of the above
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Maharaja Ranjit Singh

    This question attributes a famous historical quote to its speaker, testing knowledge about a prominent ruler known for his religious tolerance.

  7. Capital of Kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was.:

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 1995

    1. Amritsar
    2. Kapurthala
    3. Lahore
    4. Patiala
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Lahore

    Lahore was the capital of the Sikh Empire, which was founded and ruled by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

  8. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2003

    1. Ali Mardan Khan introduced the i system of revenue farming in Bengal
    2. Maharaja Ranjit Singh set up modern foundries to manufacture cannons at Lahore
    3. Sawai Jai Singh of Amber had Euedil’s ‘Ele‐ ments of Colometry’ translated into Sanskrit
    4. Sultan Tipu of Mysore gave money for the construction of the idol of Goddess Sarda in the Sringeri temple
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Ali Mardan Khan introduced the i system of revenue farming in Bengal

    - Statement A is incorrect. Revenue farming (Ijarah system) became prevalent in Bengal, particularly during the time of Murshid Quli Khan, who rationalized and expanded its use in the early 18th century. Ali Mardan Khan is historically known for his association with the Mughal period, specifically for public works like canals (like the Delhi branch of the Yamuna Canal) during the reign of Shah Jahan, and not for introducing revenue farming in Bengal. - Statement B is correct. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Sikh Empire, modernized his army extensively. He employed European officers (like Ventura, Allard, Court, Gardner) to train his troops and set up modern foundries in Lahore and Amritsar to manufacture cannons and other weaponry. - Statement C is correct. Sawai Jai Singh II of Amber (Jaipur) was a renowned scholar, astronomer, and city planner. He was keen on advancements in science and technology and sponsored the translation of several important European works on mathematics and astronomy into Sanskrit, including Euclid's 'Elements of Geometry' (referred to here as 'Elements of Colometry'). - Statement D is correct. Sultan Tipu Sultan of Mysore, despite his conflicts with the Marathas and the British, was known to maintain good relations with the Sringeri Matha, a prominent Hindu religious institution. Historical records show that he provided financial assistance for the rebuilding of the Sringeri temple, which had been attacked by Maratha forces, and contributed money for the consecration and installation of the idol of Goddess Sharada.

  9. Which Afghan ruler of Kabul appointed Ranjit Singh as the Governor of Lahore in 1799 AD? (1) Mohammad Shah (2) Dost Mohammad (3) Zaman Shah (4) Shah Shuja (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Research Officer) 2024

    1. (1) Mohammad Shah
    2. (2) Dost Mohammad
    3. (3) Zaman Shah
    4. (4) Shah Shuja
    Show answer

    Answer: C. (3) Zaman Shah

    Zaman Shah Durrani, the ruler of Afghanistan, invaded northwestern India multiple times. During his campaign in 1799, he captured Lahore. As he retreated, he granted Lahore to Ranjit Singh, recognizing his growing influence and control over the region.

Rise of the Sikh Misls and Consolidation of Punjab

  1. What were the 12 states of the Sikh confederacy called ?

    Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2016

    1. Misl
    2. Gurmata
    3. Sardari
    4. Rakhi
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Misl

    The Sikh confederacy in the 18th century, consisting of twelve sovereign territories, was known as the Misls.

  2. Identify the correct chronological order in which the following Europeans travelled in Punjab and Shimla Hill states ? Select the correct answer from the codes given below : (i) Vigne (ii) Moorcraft (iii) Forster (iv) Thomas Coryat

    Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2013

    1. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
    2. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
    3. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
    4. (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
    Show answer

    Answer: A. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)

    The chronological order of these European travellers visiting the region is: (iv) Thomas Coryat: Early 17th century (c. 1612-1617) (iii) George Forster: Late 18th century (c. 1783-1784) (ii) William Moorcroft: Early 19th century (c. 1820s) (i) Godfrey Vigne: 1830s-1840s

  3. Arrange the following European travellers, who visited Punjab and the hill states of Shimla, in correct historical order: Select the correct answer from the codes given below: (i) Vigne (ii) Moorcroft (iii) Forster (iv) Thomas Coryat

    Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2013

    1. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
    2. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
    3. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
    4. (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
    Show answer

    Answer: A. (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)

    This is a repeat of question ID 10229. The chronological order of these European travellers visiting the region is: (iv) Thomas Coryat: Early 17th century (c. 1612-1617) (iii) George Forster: Late 18th century (c. 1783-1784) (ii) William Moorcroft: Early 19th century (c. 1820s) (i) Godfrey Vigne: 1830s-1840s

  4. In 1804 A.D. Rulers of Bilaspur, Mandi, Chamba and other small rulers of Kangra area invited whom to invade Kangra ?

    Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2017

    1. Gurkha Army Chief Amar Singh Thapa
    2. British Army
    3. Mughals
    4. Maharaja Ranjeet Singh
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Gurkha Army Chief Amar Singh Thapa

    In 1804 AD, several hill chiefs, including those from Bilaspur, Mandi, Chamba, and smaller states in the Kangra region, who were discontented with the growing power of Maharaja Sansar Chand II of Kangra, invited the Gurkhas under Amar Singh Thapa to invade Kangra.

  5. With which misal was Ranjit Singh related?

    Asked in: MPPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. Aahluvaliyan
    2. Dalevaliyan
    3. Kanhaiya
    4. Shukarchakiya
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Shukarchakiya

    Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839), the founder of the Sikh Empire, inherited the leadership of the Shukarchakiya misal from his father, Maha Singh.

  6. Which is not correctly matched?

    Asked in: PPSC CS Prelims 2015

    1. Sukerchakia - Naudh Singh
    2. Nishan Walia - Dasaundha Singh
    3. Bhangi - Hari Singh
    4. Nakkai - Jai Singh
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Nakkai - Jai Singh

    This question tests knowledge about the leaders of the Sikh Misls (confederacies) in the 18th century. The Sukerchakia Misl was associated with Naudh Singh (and later his descendants, including Maharaja Ranjit Singh). The Nishanwalia Misl was led by Dasaundha Singh. The Bhangi Misl had prominent leaders like Hari Singh Dhillon. Jai Singh was a major leader of the Kanhaiya Misl, not the Nakkai Misl. The Nakkai Misl was led by figures like Hira Singh Nakkai.

  7. Ranjit Singh was a leader of the

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. Sukerchakia misl
    2. Bhangi misl
    3. Kanheya misl
    4. Gobind misl
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Sukerchakia misl

    Ranjit Singh (1780–1839), often known as Sher-e- Punjab (Lion of Punjab), rose to prominence as the chief of the Sukerchakia Misl, one of the twelve main misls (confederacies) of the Sikh Confederacy in the Punjab region during the 18th century.

  8. The original name of Banda Bahadur was

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2014

    1. Mahesh Das
    2. Lachhman Dev
    3. Dwarka Das
    4. Harnam Das
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Lachhman Dev

    Banda Singh Bahadur was a key military leader who established the first Sikh state after the death of Guru Gobind Singh, leading the Khalsa in several battles against the Mughals.

  9. The Unionist Party was a political party based in which province during the period of British rule in India?

    Asked in: Agriculture Development Officer 2021

    1. Punjab
    2. Bengal
    3. Ajmer-Merwara
    4. Baluchistan
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Punjab

    Understanding the major political parties and their regional strongholds during British India is crucial for comprehending the political landscape of the era.

Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49) and Annexation of Punjab

  1. The last King of the Sikh Kingdom was

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2010

    1. Daleep Singh
    2. Naunihal Singh
    3. Ranjeet Singh
    4. Sher Singh
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Daleep Singh

    Maharaja Duleep Singh was the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire. He ascended the throne as a child after the death of his father and a period of instability. Following the defeat of the Sikh Empire in the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849), the British annexed Punjab, and Duleep Singh was deposed and exiled to England in 1849.

  2. In which year, the English East India Company annexes the Sikh Kingdom of Punjab?

    Asked in: APPSC Gazated Posts 2012

    1. 1852
    2. 1849
    3. 1839
    4. 1836
    Show answer

    Answer: B. 1849

    - The annexation occurred after the Second Anglo- Sikh War (1848-1849). - The decisive Battle of Gujrat (1849) led to the defeat of the Sikh forces. - The young Maharaja Duleep Singh was pensioned off, and Punjab was annexed by Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India.

  3. Punjab was annexed to the British Empire after being defeated in the battles fought in which of the following places? (i) Ramnagar (ii) Chillianwala (iii) Gujarat (iv) Lahore Select the correct answer - - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Assistant Archivist) 2024

    1. (i), (iii) and (iv)
    2. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
    3. (i), (ii) and (iii)
    4. (i), (ii) and (iv)
    Show answer

    Answer: C. (i), (ii) and (iii)

    This question pertains to the history of British expansion in India, specifically the annexation of Punjab. It requires knowledge of the key battles fought during the Anglo-Sikh Wars that led to this annexation.

  4. When did Maharaja Dilip Singh sign the papers related to the merger of Punjab with the British empire ?

    Asked in: UPPSC ACF RFO gs 1 2021

    1. March 19, 1849
    2. March 27, 1849
    3. March 29, 1849
    4. March 30, 1849
    Show answer

    Answer: C. March 29, 1849

    Maharaja Dilip Singh signed the papers for the annexation of Punjab on March 29, 1849.

Third and Fourth Anglo-Mysore Wars: The Fall of Tipu Sultan

  1. Which of the following statements regarding the Anglo-Mysore Wars are correct? 1. Hyderali won the first Anglo-Mysore War. 2. Tipu defeated Baillie in the second Anglo-Mysore War. 3. Tipu Sultan was defeated in the third Anglo- Mysore War. 4. Tipu Sultan was killed in the fourth Anglo-Mysore War.

    Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2018

    1. Only 1 and 4
    2. Only 1, 2 and 4
    3. Only 1, 3 and 4
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of four conflicts between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore, playing a crucial role in the consolidation of British power in South India.

  2. Which one of the following provisions was not involved in the treaty of Shrirangapattana between Tipu Sultan and the British ?

    Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2018

    1. Tipu should give the war expenditure worth three and half crore rupees to the British.
    2. Tipu should give half of his State to the Brit‐ ish.
    3. Tipu's two sons will be hostages of the British.
    4. Tipu should accept Subsidiary Alliance.
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Tipu should accept Subsidiary Alliance.

    The Treaty of Srirangapatna concluded the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Its harsh terms included Tipu ceding half his territory to the British and their allies (Nizam and Marathas), paying a large war indemnity (approximately 3.3 crore rupees), and surrendering his two sons as hostages until the indemnity was paid. Tipu Sultan never accepted the Subsidiary Alliance system, which was later aggressively pursued by Lord Wellesley.

  3. Who was called the "King of the Two Worlds"?

    Asked in: TNPSC CS Prelims 2021

    1. Tipu Sultan
    2. Hyder Ali
    3. Doondaji Waugh
    4. Veerapandiya Kattabomman
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Doondaji Waugh

    Doondaji Waugh (or Dhoondia Wagh) was a military adventurer who rose to prominence after the fall of Tipu Sultan in 1799. He briefly carved out a territory for himself in the regions bordering Mysore, the Nizam's dominions, and the Maratha territories, challenging British authority. He was known by various titles, and he himself claimed the title "King of the Two Worlds" (Malik-ul-mulkein).

  4. Tipu's final defeat came at the hands of

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2016

    1. Lord Wellesley
    2. Lord Cornwallis
    3. Lord Dalhousie
    4. John Shore
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Lord Wellesley

    Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, faced his final defeat and death in the Fourth Anglo- Mysore War in 1799. The British forces, led by Governor-General Lord Wellesley, besieged and captured Srirangapatnam, Tipu's capital, on May 4, 1799, where he was killed defending the fort.

  5. Which of the following is correctly matched?

    Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2014

    1. First Anglo Mysore War -: Hyder Ali was de‐ feated
    2. Second Anglo Mysore War -: Hyder Ali defeated the British
    3. Third Anglo Mysore War -: Tipu Sultan won the battle and did not cede his territory to British.
    4. Fourth Anglo Mysore War - : Tipu was de‐ feated and was killed in the thick of battle
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Fourth Anglo Mysore War - : Tipu was de‐ feated and was killed in the thick of battle

    The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-69) ended inconclusively with the Treaty of Madras. The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84) also ended inconclusively with the Treaty of Mangalore, although Hyder Ali had initial victories. The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92) resulted in Tipu Sultan's defeat and the Treaty of Seringapatam, where he ceded territory. Only the Fourth War definitively ended Tipu's rule and life.

  6. The treaty of Seringapatam is associated with the end of

    Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2021

    1. Second Anglo - Maratha war
    2. Third Anglo - Maratha war
    3. Third Anglo - Mysore war
    4. Fourth Anglo - Mysore war
    Show answer

    Answer: C. Third Anglo - Mysore war

    The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) was fought between Tipu Sultan of Mysore and the British East India Company, supported by the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Maratha Empire. Tipu Sultan was defeated and forced to sign the treaty, ceding significant territories and paying a large indemnity.

  7. The Third Anglo-Mysore War was concluded by which Treaty? - (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Archivist) 2024

    1. Treaty of Srirangapatnam
    2. Treaty of Arcot
    3. Treaty of Madras
    4. Treaty of Mangalore
    Show answer

    Answer: A. Treaty of Srirangapatnam

    The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) was concluded by the Treaty of Srirangapatnam. This treaty was signed between Tipu Sultan of Mysore and the British East India Company, along with its allies, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas.

Tipu Sultan: Reforms (Administrative, Economic, Military) and Foreign Policy

  1. Which of the following rulers of Mysore sent ambassadors to France to bring in European technology, and went on to build a navy ?

    Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2018

    1. Hyder Ali
    2. Tipu Sultan
    3. Chikkadeva Raja Wodeyar
    4. Nanraj
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Tipu Sultan

    Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, was keen on modernizing his state and military. He sent diplomatic missions to various countries, including France (seeking an alliance with Napoleon), to secure support against the British and to acquire European technology, including expertise in shipbuilding and artillery. He made significant efforts to build a modern navy.

  2. Consider the following statements: Haider Ali established a Modern arsenal in Dindigal in 1757 AD. Haider Ali died in 1783 AD. Tipu Sultan planted a 'Tree of Liberty' at Srirangapatnam. Tipu Sultan was a member of a 'Jacobin Club'.

    Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2020

    1. 3 and 4
    2. 1 and 4
    3. 2 and 3
    4. 2 and 4
    Show answer

    Answer: A. 3 and 4

    Haider Ali's military modernization and Tipu Sultan's relations with the French are important aspects of Mysore history.

  3. Growth of coffee was encouraged during the time of ________.

    Asked in: KPSC KAS Prelims 2017

    1. Bowring
    2. Hyder
    3. Tippu
    4. Cubbon
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Cubbon

    Sir Mark Cubbon's tenure as Commissioner of Mysore (1834-1861) is known for administrative reforms and economic development, including the expansion of cash crop cultivation like coffee.

  4. Who among the following was associated with the French?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2018

    1. Haidar Ali
    2. Safdar Jang
    3. Mir Qasim
    4. Tipu Sultan
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Tipu Sultan

    Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, famously sought alliances and military assistance from the French against the British East India Company during the late 18th century. He sent embassies to France and aligned with French forces stationed in India. Haidar Ali, his father, also utilized French expertise, but Tipu Sultan's association is particularly well-documented regarding strategic alliances against the British.

  5. Who planted the 'Tree of Liberty' at Seringapatnam?

    Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2020

    1. Hyder Ali
    2. Tipu Sultan
    3. Chin Qulich Khan
    4. Murshid Quli Khan
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Tipu Sultan

    Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, was an admirer of the French Revolution. He established a Jacobin Club in his capital, Seringapatnam, and symbolising this connection, he planted a 'Tree of Liberty' there.

  6. Who among the following Indian rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines?

    Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2001

    1. Haider Ali
    2. Mir Qasim
    3. Shah Alam II
    4. Tipu Sultan
    Show answer

    Answer: D. Tipu Sultan

    Tipu Sultan sent emissaries and established diplomatic relations with countries like France, Turkey, and Persia with the aim of forging alliances and securing assistance against the British. This

  7. Governor/Governor General/Viceroy proactive approach to international diplomacy, involving permanent or semi-permanent representation abroad, was considered advanced for its time among Indian rulers. 68. Which ruler gave money for the construction of the image of Goddess Sharda in the Sringeri Temple after it was looted in 1791 AD? (1) Martinanda Verma (2) Tipu Sultan (3) Hyder Ali (4) Rama Verma (5) Question not attempted

    Asked in: Department Recruitment 2024 (Research Officer) 2024

    1. Martinanda Verma
    2. Tipu Sultan
    3. Hyder Ali
    4. Rama Verma
    Show answer

    Answer: B. Tipu Sultan

    Tipu Sultan funded the reconstruction of the Goddess Sharda's image in the Sringeri Temple after it was looted in 1791 AD, highlighting a period of his patronage towards religious sites.

  8. Who planted Tree of Liberty in India at Srirangapatnam?

    Asked in: Field Investigator 2020

    1. Saadat Khan
    2. Haider Ali
    3. Asaf Jahan
    4. None of them
    Show answer

    Answer: D. None of them

    The Tree of Liberty at Srirangapatnam was planted by Joseph François Dupleix, the French Governor of Pondicherry, and Tipu Sultan of Mysore supported the French Revolution by becoming a member of the Jacobin Club. None of the given options are correct.