Revolutionary Movement in India is part of Modern History of India. Below are notes on 14 sub-topics, followed by practice MCQs from State PSC and UPSC papers.
Early Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra (Abhinav Bharat, Savarkar)
- Vasudev Balwant Phadke: Resigned from government job and established a secret revolutionary organization. Designed plans to damage railway, post offices, government properties, and kill government officers. Used various aliases including Raosaheb Peshwa, Bhausaheb Limaye, and Balwant Jagadamb. Arrested in 1879, sentenced to transportation for life, died in Aden prison in 1883.
- Chapekar Brothers (Damodar Hari Chapekar, Balkrishna Hari Chapekar, Vasudeo Hari Chapekar): Assassinated Walter Charles Rand (Plague Commissioner of Poona) and Lt. Ayerst in 1897. This event occurred within ten days of the Ganapati festival in Poona.
- Mitra Mela: Founded in 1899 in Nashik by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (V.D. Savarkar) and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar.
- Abhinav Bharat Society: Evolved from Mitra Mela. Founded in 1904 (some sources state 1905) as a secret society of revolutionaries by V.D. Savarkar and Ganesh Damodar Savarkar, primarily based in Maharashtra (Nashik).
- V.D. Savarkar (Vinayak Damodar Savarkar): Key founder of Mitra Mela and Abhinav Bharat. Authored "The Indian War of Independence – 1857" which presented a nationalist view of the revolt. Wrote a biography of Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini to inspire Indian nationalists. Attempted to escape British captivity by jumping into the sea from the ship SS Morea near Marseille in 1910.
- Savarkar Brothers: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Ganesh Damodar Savarkar, Narayan Damodar Savarkar. Damodar Hari was a Chapekar brother, not a Savarkar brother.
- Prisoners sent from Maharashtra to Andaman: Adhuria (Khandesh Yaval), Pandu Bhorji Congress at the Surat Session in 1907, separating the 'Moderates' and 'Extremists'.
(Pandharpur), Dharma Subhan (Nagar), Dhondi Birbal (Nashik).
- Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki: Attempted to kill Judge Kingsford by throwing a bomb at a carriage in Muzaffarpur in April 1908.
- Arjun Lal Sethi: Started "Vardhaman Vidhyalaya" in Jaipur to train revolutionaries.
- Sardar Ajit Singh: Associated with the Bharat Mata Society.
Emergence and Ideological Roots of Revolutionary Nationalism
- Yashpal edited "Sudarshan Chakra" magazine from Lahore.
- Vasudeo Balvant Phadke was influenced by the Deccan famine (1876-77), Hindu revivalism, and the Drain of Wealth theory.
- Vasudeo Balvant Phadke led an armed uprising against the British in the 1870s.
- Bengal Revolutionaries were largely inspired by the Irish revolutionary movement.
- Vijay Singh Pathik established "Veer Bharat Samaj".
- The foundational ideology of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was inspired by Leninist Communism and the Russian Revolution.
- Journals associated with revolutionary organizations include "Yugantar", "Sandhya", and "Gadhar". "Prabuddha Bharat" was not associated with a revolutionary organization.
- Ramkaran, Mohan Lal Jalori, and Somdutt Lahri were related to the Mahant Pyarelal murder case. Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath was not.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded the "Lathi Club".
Government Repression and Decline of Revolutionary Activities
- Hijli Detention Camp (1931): British guards' unprovoked firing led to deaths; Subhash Chandra Bose collected martyrs' bodies.
- Pratap Singh Barhath: Died in Bareilly prison.
- Naval Revolt: Occurred in 1946.
- Cellular Jail (Kalapani): Located in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, used to imprison freedom movement prisoners.
Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)
- Hindustan Republican Association (HRA):
- Formation: October 1924 in Kanpur, United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh).
- Founders: Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Ram Prasad Bismil, Chandrashekhar Azad, Yogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
- Aim: To organize an armed revolution to overthrow British colonial power and establish a 'Federal United States of India' (a republican government).
- Key Activity: Kakori Conspiracy Case (August 9, 1925):
- Revolutionaries looted a train carrying government money near Kakori, Lucknow.
- Prominent members involved and subsequently hanged: Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaque-ullah Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh.
- Ashfaque-ullah Khan was the first recorded Muslim revolutionary hanged for India's independence.
- Ram Prasad Bismil was born in Shahjahanpur. Before execution, he refused milk saying, "Now, I shall take my mother's milk only."
- Govind Ballabh Pant headed the committee formed to defend the accused in the Kakori Case.
- Bhagat Singh was not associated with the Kakori Conspiracy Case.
- Other associated HRA members: Shiv Verma.
- Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA):
- Reorganization & Renaming: HRA was reorganized and renamed HSRA in September 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi.
- Key Figures/Founders: Chandrashekhar Azad (leader), Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Bhagwati Charan Vohra.
- Other Prominent Members/Founder Members: Jatindranath (Jatin Das), Ajoy Ghosh, Phanindranath Ghosh.
- Ideology: Shifted from purely republican to a socialist ideology, aiming for a socialist republic in India.
- Bhagat Singh's Associations: Apart from HSRA, he was also associated with Naujavan Bharat Sabha and Kirti Kisan Party. He was not associated with The Swaraj Party or Indian National Congress.
- Major Activities:
- Saunders Murder (December 1928): Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru assassinated British police officer J.P. Saunders in Lahore to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. (Part of the Lahore Conspiracy Case).
- Central Legislative Assembly Bombing (April 8, 1929): Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi to protest the Public Safety Bill and Trade Disputes Bill, and to propagate their revolutionary message. They deliberately courted arrest.
- Attempt to bomb Viceroy Lord Irwin's train (December 1929).
- Associated Writings/Slogans:
- "The Philosophy of the Bomb": Written by Bhagwati Charan Vohra.
- "Inquilab Zindabad" (Long Live Revolution): Popularized by Bhagat Singh (the slogan was originally coined by Hasrat Mohani).
Ideological Evolution of Revolutionaries (Shift towards Socialism and Communism)
- Early revolutionaries (e.g., Hindustan Republican Association - HRA) primarily focused on individual heroic acts, assassinations, and dacoities.
- Post-1920s, a significant ideological shift occurred, influenced by socialist and communist ideas, particularly after the Russian Revolution.
- HRA transformed into Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi, signifying a commitment to socialist goals.
- Key ideologues of this shift included Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Bhagwati Charan Vohra.
- For HSRA, 'revolution' evolved from mere violence to a fundamental change in the socio-economic order towards a socialist society.
- Bhagat Singh famously stated: "The sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas."
- Bhagwati Charan Vohra's "The Philosophy of the Bomb" articulated HSRA's advanced socialist ideology, distinguishing their aims from mere terrorism and emphasizing mass awakening for a socialist revolution.
- Acts like the Central Assembly Bombing (1929) by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt aimed to spread their socialist message and make "the deaf hear" via distributed leaflets, rather than solely causing casualties.
Impact and Legacy of the Revolutionary Movement in India
- Mandalay Jail (Burma/Myanmar): A significant colonial prison where many prominent Indian nationalist leaders were incarcerated.
- Key Imprisonments: Lokamanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Subhash Chandra Bose were notably imprisoned in Mandalay Jail by the British.
- Impact & Legacy: The harsh conditions and distant location of prisons like Mandalay, where national heroes suffered, became powerful symbols of British repression and nationalist sacrifice, inspiring further revolutionary zeal and public support, thus contributing to the movement's enduring legacy.
Key Personalities of the First Phase (Madan Lal Dhingra, V.D. Savarkar, Rash Behari Bose)
- Madan Lal Dhingra: Assassinated William Hutt Curzon Wyllie (Political Aide-de-Camp to Secretary of State for India) in London on July 1, 1909. Executed on August 17, 1909.
- V.D. Savarkar: Full name Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. Founded 'Mitra Mela' (1899), later renamed 'Abhinav Bharat Society' (1904). Sentenced to two life terms (50 years) in Cellular Jail, Andaman (1911) for his revolutionary activities. Submitted multiple 'mercy petitions' (clemency appeals) from jail.
- Rash Behari Bose: Worked as a clerk in the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. Masterminded the Delhi Conspiracy Case (December 23, 1912), involving a bomb attack on Viceroy Lord Hardinge in Chandni Chowk, Delhi. Escaped British authorities and fled to Japan in 1915.
Major Revolutionary Actions and Conspiracy Cases (Kakori, Lahore, Central Assembly Bombing)
- W.C. Rand Assassination (1897): Plague Commissioner of Poona, killed by Chapekar brothers (Damodar and Balkrishna).
- Muzaffarpur Bomb Case (1908): Khudiram Bose & Prafulla Chaki attempted to assassinate District Judge Kingsford. Prafulla Chaki committed suicide; Khudiram Bose was arrested and hanged.
- Alipore Bomb Case (1908): Aurobindo Ghosh & Barindra Kumar Ghosh were accused. C.R. Das successfully defended Aurobindo Ghosh, who was acquitted.
- Nasik Conspiracy Case (1909): Anant Laxman Kanhere assassinated A.M.T. Jackson, the Collector of Nasik.
- Sir Curzon Wyllie Assassination (1909): In London by Madan Lal Dhingra.
- Howrah Conspiracy Case (1910): Associated with Jatindranath Mukherjee (Bagha Jatin).
- Robert William Ashe Assassination (1911): Collector of Tirunelveli, shot by Vanchinathan.
- Delhi Conspiracy Case (1912) / Hardinge Bomb Case: Rash Behari Bose led the attempt to assassinate Viceroy Lord Hardinge. Master Amir Chand, Bhai Balmukund, and Avadh Bihari were hanged. Bhagwati Charan Vohra was not involved.
- First Lahore Conspiracy Case (1915): Related to the Ghadar movement, involved Vishnu Ganesh Pingle and Lala Har Dayal.
- Kakori Conspiracy Case (August 9, 1925):
- Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) robbed the 8 Down Saharanpur-Lucknow Passenger train near Kakori.
- Hanged: Ram Prasad Bismil (Gorakhpur), Ashfaqulla Khan (Faizabad), Roshan Singh (Naini), Rajendra Lahiri (Gonda).
- Escaped arrest: Chandra Shekhar Azad.
- Government Advocate: Jagat Narain Mulla.
- Sachindra Nath Sanyal received life imprisonment.
- J.P. Saunders Assassination (December 17, 1928): Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Chandra Shekhar Azad killed Assistant Superintendent of Police J.P. Saunders in Lahore to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
- Central Assembly Bombing (April 8, 1929): Bhagat Singh & Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly, Delhi, to "make the deaf hear" (protest public safety bills and trade disputes bill) and court arrest for propaganda, not to kill.
- Second Lahore Conspiracy Case (1929-1931):
- Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were tried and hanged on March 23, 1931, in connection with Saunders' murder and the Assembly Bombing.
- Jatin Das died on September 13, 1929, after a 63-day hunger strike in prison, demanding better conditions for political prisoners.
- Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930): Led by Surya Sen (Masterda), with key associates Ganesh Ghosh and Lokenath Bal.
- Srivilliputhur Police Station Bombing (1933): Kamaraj was arrested in connection with this incident.
- Sir Michael O'Dwyer Assassination (1940): In London by Udham Singh, to avenge the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
- Veer Bharat Sabha: Established by Kesari Singh Barhath.
- Vijay Singh Pathik: Associated with Rash Behari Bose's revolutionary party; established Vidya Pracharani Sabha and founded Akhara with Sadhu Sita Ram Das.
- Kanpur Conspiracy Case (1924): Related to early communist trials, involved Shaukat Usmani.
Prominent Revolutionaries of the Second Phase (Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Surya Sen)
- Bhagat Singh (1907-1931)
- First raised the slogan: 'Inquilab Zindabad'.
- Authored: 'Why I am an Atheist'.
- Ideology: Atheist, Socialist, and Secular thinker. Believed communalism was as big an enemy as colonialism.
- Founded: Naujawan Bharat Sabha (1926) along with Yashpal and Chhabil Das. (Ambika Chakravarti and Loknath Bal were not early members).
- Member of: Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
- Central Legislative Assembly Bombing (April 8, 1929): With Batukeshwar Dutt. Objective was "to make the deaf hear" (protest against Public Safety Bill & Trade Disputes Bill), not to kill.
- Quote: "Criticism and independent thought are the two characteristics of a revolutionary."
- Hanged: 23rd March 1931, along with Sukhdev and Rajguru in Lahore (Lahore Conspiracy Case). This day is observed as Shaheed Martyrs' Diwas.
- Sentenced to death on: 7th October 1930.
- Chandrashekhar Azad (1906-1931)
- Leader of: Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the arrests of other prominent members.
- End of life: Shot dead in an encounter on 27th February 1931 at Alfred Park, Allahabad (now Chandrashekhar Azad Park).
- His death largely marked the end of the HSRA movement.
- Did not found the Anushilan Samiti.
- Surya Sen (Masterda) (1894-1934)
- Leader of: Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch.
- Known for: Organizing the Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930.
- Quote attributed: "Humanism is a special virtue of revolutionary."
- Did not organize the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
- Related Facts:
- Jatin Das: Died on 13th September 1929 due to a 63-day hunger strike in jail.
- Ram Prasad Bismil: Author of the popular song 'Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna Ab Hamare Dil Men Hai'.
- Shachindranath Sanyal: Founder of Hindustan Republican Association (HRA, 1924) and author of 'Bandi Jeevan'.
- Bhagwati Charan Vohra: Author of 'The Philosophy of the Bomb'.
- Kalpana Datt: Sentenced to life imprisonment for her involvement in the Chittagong Armoury Raid.
- Chronology: Hanging of Bhagat Singh (Mar 1931) → Second Round Table Conference (Sept-Dec 1931) → Subhash Chandra Bose elected Congress President in Haripura (1938) → Assassination of Sir Michael O'Dwyer (1940 by Udham Singh).
Revival of Revolutionary Movement (Post Non-Cooperation Movement)
- Mandi Conspiracy (1914-15) was led by Mian Jawahar Singh.
- Revolutionary movement revived post NonCooperation Movement (1922) due to its withdrawal and disillusionment.
- Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) formed in 1924 at Kanpur by Sachindranath Sanyal, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, and Ramprasad Bismil, aiming for a federated republic.
- Kakori Conspiracy (1925): HRA members robbed a train; Ramprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged. Chandrashekhar Azad escaped.
- Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) formed in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi, by Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Bhagwati Charan Vohra, and Chandrashekhar Azad, emphasizing socialist ideology.
- Saunders' Murder (1928): Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and Rajguru avenged Lala Lajpat Rai's death by killing J.P. Saunders.
- Central Legislative Assembly Bombing (1929): Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs to protest oppressive bills, aiming to "make the deaf hear."
- Lahore Conspiracy Case (1929): Trial for Saunders' murder and Assembly bombing. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were hanged on March 23, 1931.
- Jatin Das died in Lahore Jail after a 63-day hunger strike (1929) demanding political prisoner rights.
- Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930): Led by Surya Sen (Masterda) and the Indian Republican Army, Bengal group.
Revolutionary Groups and Activities in Bengal (Anushilan Samiti, Jugantar)
- Anushilan Samiti (Calcutta): Founded 1902 by Pramathanath Mitra (President), Aurobindo Ghosh, Barindra Kumar Ghosh, and Jatindranath Banerjee.
- Anushilan Samiti (Dacca): Founded 1905 by Pulin Behari Das.
- Anushilan Samiti (Patna branch): Established 1913 by Sachindra Nath Sanyal.
- Nature of Anushilan Samiti: A revolutionary organization, distinct from Moderates or Extremists within Congress.
- Jugantar (Yugantar) Group/Party: Formed by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Bhupendranath Dutta, and others, often seen as an offshoot or more active wing of the Calcutta Anushilan Samiti.
- Leader of Jugantar Party: Jatindranath Mukherjee (also known as Bagha Jatin).
- Revolutionary Activities:
- Alipore Conspiracy Case (1908): Involved Barindra Kumar Ghosh (Jugantar) and others.
- Delhi Conspiracy Case (1912): Plot to bomb Viceroy Lord Hardinge; masterminded by Rashbehari Bose, who had links to Bengal's revolutionary networks including Jugantar.
- German Plot (1915): A plan for armed insurrection during WWI, led by Bagha Jatin (Jugantar).
- Death of Bagha Jatin: Died fighting British forces at Balasore in 1915.
Revolutionary Nationalism Abroad (Ghadar Movement, Berlin Committee)
Ghadar Movement: 1. Foundation: Established 1913 in San Fran2. cisco, USA. Initially named 'Hindustan Association of the Pacific Coast'. Key Leaders: Sohan Singh Bhakna (Presid3. ent), Lala Har Dayal (General Secretary), Kesar Singh (Treasurer). Objective: To organize an armed rebellion for 4. India's independence, primarily targeting British rule during World War I. Journal: Published the weekly 'Ghadar' (Re5. volt) from 1913, in Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi, and Gujarati. Motto: "Our Name is Ghadar, Our Work is Ghadar". Activities: Attempted to incite a sepoy 6. mutiny in India during WWI (Ghadar Conspiracy). Berlin Committee (Indian Independence 7. Committee): Formation: Set up 1914-1915 in Berlin, Ger8. many. Key Leaders: Virendranath Chattopadhyay, 9. Bhupendranath Dutta, Lala Har Dayal (later joined), Champakraman Pillai. Objective: To mobilize Indian expatriates and 10. gain German support to overthrow British rule in India during World War I. Activities: Sent missions to Afghanistan (e.g., 11. Raja Mahendra Pratap's Provisional Government), aimed at inciting rebellion among Indian troops and collaborated with the Ghadarites.
Role of Women in Revolutionary Movements (Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Datta)
- Pritilata Waddedar: Prominent revolutionary associated with Surya Sen (Masterda).
- Led the 1932 attack on the Pahartali European Club in Chittagong.
- Consumed potassium cyanide to avoid arrest during the Pahartali Club attack, becoming a martyr.
- Kalpana Datta (Joshi): Revolutionary under Surya Sen.
- Actively participated in the Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930) and subsequent actions.
- Arrested in 1933 and sentenced to life imprisonment, later released in 1939.
- Pritilata Waddedar and Kalpana Datta were key co-workers of Surya Sen.
- Surya Sen led the Indian Republican Army (Chittagong branch), which significantly involved young women revolutionaries.
- Bina Das: Shot Governor Stanley Jackson (Governor of Bengal) during a convocation at Calcutta University in 1932.
- Santi Ghosh & Suniti Choudhury: Two schoolgirls who assassinated District Magistrate Stevens in Comilla in 1931.
- Matangini Hazra: A Gandhian activist who was martyred during the Quit India Movement (1942), not associated with militant revolutionary nationalism.
The Chittagong Armoury Raid and its Significance
The Chittagong Armoury Raid was a signific1. ant event in the Indian revolutionary movement. It was planned and led by Surya Sen, pop2. ularly known as 'Masterda'. The raid took place in 1930, specifically on 3. April 18, 1930. Key members of Surya Sen's group included 4. Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath Baul, and Anant Singh, largely comprising youth. Surya Sen and his revolutionary group were 5. also associated with Congress work in Chittagong. The action plan involved seizing two main 6. armouries in Chittagong, destroying telegraph and telephone lines, and disrupting railway communication. After the raid, Surya Sen issued an Independ7. ence Proclamation in the name of the 'Indian Republican Army'. Surya Sen was a school teacher by profes8. sion.
15. Revolutionary Activities Outside India
Practice MCQs: Revolutionary Movement in India
Early Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra (Abhinav Bharat, Savarkar)
In which place Khudiram Bose tried to kill Kingsford?
Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 67th Re Exam
- Darbhanga
- Muzaffarpur
- Gaya
- Patna
Show answer
Answer: B. Muzaffarpur
- Target: Douglas Kingsford. - Location of assassination attempt: Muzaffarpur. - State: Bihar. (1916-1918): A significant mass movement demanding self-rule.
Emergence and Ideological Roots of Revolutionary Nationalism
Which Himachali revolutionary edited Sudarshan Chakra magazine from Lahore during the pre-independence period ?
Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2016
- Yashpal
- Inderpal
- Sher Jung
- Swami Krishana Nand
Show answer
Answer: A. Yashpal
Yashpal was a close associate of Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev. After Bhagat Singh's arrest, Yashpal took over leadership roles in the HSRA. He was a prolific writer in Hindi and wrote extensively on social and political issues. 'Sudarshan Chakra' was one of the revolutionary magazines published from Lahore with which revolutionaries like Yashpal were associated.
Which of the following were the main influences on Vasudeo Balvant Phadke ? 1. Experience of the Deccan famine of 1876-77 2. Hindu revivalism 3. Theory of Drain of Wealth 4. Reformist idea of Phule Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2015
- 1, 2 and 3
- 2, 3 and 4
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 4 only
Show answer
Answer: A. 1, 2 and 3
Vasudeo Balvant Phadke was deeply affected by the suffering of the people during the severe Deccan famine of 1876-77, which he attributed to British policies. He organized armed resistance, drawing inspiration from Hindu nationalist ideas and Shivaji Maharaj, reflecting Hindu revivalism. The concept of economic exploitation by the British, later formalized as the Drain of Wealth theory by Dadabhai Naoroji, was a significant element in nationalist discourse and motivated many, including Phadke, to oppose British rule. Jyotirao Phule was a prominent social reformer focusing on caste inequalities and education, while Phadke's primary focus was on overthrowing British political rule through armed struggle. Their approaches were different.
Why was Vasudeo Balwant Phadke known in history ?
Asked in: UPSC CAPF 2019
- He led a violent struggle against the British during the revolt of 1857
- He was a critic of Gandhian struggle
- He led an armed uprising against the British in the 1870s
- He was a radical leader of the Indian National Congress
Show answer
Answer: C. He led an armed uprising against the British in the 1870s
- Vasudeo Balwant Phadke (1845-1883) was a revolutionary from Maharashtra. - He organized the Ramoshi peasant community into a rebel group due to the severe distress caused by famines and the indifference of the British government. - He aimed to overthrow British rule through armed struggle. His rebellion in the 1870s was an early instance of organized armed resistance after the 1857 revolt.
Bengal Revolutionaries were largely inspired by which Revolutionary movements of Great Britain?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2021
- Scottish
- Irish
- Welsh
- None of the above
Show answer
Answer: B. Irish
The Irish struggle for independence from Britain, particularly the activities of groups like the Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians) and later the Irish Republican Army (IRA), involved armed resistance, underground organization, and nationalist fervor. Indian revolutionaries, especially those advocating for armed struggle in Bengal, saw the Irish movement as a model and source of inspiration in their fight against the same colonial power.
Who established VEER BHARAT SAMAJ:
Asked in: RPSC RAS Prelims 1996
- Zorawar singh barhat
- Gokul das asawa
- Master Aditendra
- Vijay singh pathik
Show answer
Answer: D. Vijay singh pathik
Vijay Singh Pathik (originally Bhup Singh) was a prominent Indian revolutionary, actively involved in the Indian independence movement and peasant movements in Rajasthan. He founded Veer Bharat Samaj as a revolutionary organization.
The foundational ideology of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was inspired by :
Asked in: opsc 2025 2025
- Italian nationalist movement and the works of Mazzini
- Leninist Communism and the Russian Revolu‐ tion
- American War of Independence and George Washington
- Irish freedom struggle and Sinn Fein Move‐ ment
Show answer
Answer: A. Italian nationalist movement and the works of Mazzini
This question pertains to the ideological influences on Indian revolutionary organizations during the colonial period.
Which one journal was not associated with any revolutionary organization ?
Asked in: Chief Fire Officer Exam 2021
- Prabuddha Bharat
- Yugantar
- Sandhya
- Gadhar
Show answer
Answer: A. Prabuddha Bharat
Distinguishing between revolutionary publications and those focused on socio-religious or philosophical reform is crucial for understanding the different strands of the Indian nationalist movement. Prabuddha Bharat represents the spiritual and intellectual awakening aspect, while the others represent the active resistance and revolutionary struggle.
Government Repression and Decline of Revolutionary Activities
Name the person who went to collect the bodies of Martyrs killed in unprovoked fire by British guards in Hijli Detention Camp in the year of 1931. (1) Subhash Chandra Bose (2) Jawaharlal Nehru (3) Mahatma Gandhi (4) B.R. Ambedkar (5) Question not attempted
Asked in: Exam 2024 Group d 2024
- Subhash Chandra Bose
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Mahatma Gandhi
- B.R. Ambedkar
Show answer
Answer: A. Subhash Chandra Bose
Lecturer and Coach (School Edu. Dept.) Comp. This question pertains to a specific event of British repression and the subsequent response by Indian leaders. It tests the knowledge of the Hijli Detention Camp incident and the role of Subhash Chandra Bose in it.
In which of the following prisons Pratap Singh Barhath died ?
Asked in: Protection Officer 2022
- Banaras
- Bareilly
- Nimaj
- Andaman
Show answer
Answer: B. Bareilly
Pratap Singh Barhath was a revolutionary freedom fighter. He was arrested by the British and subjected to severe torture. He died in Bareilly Central Jail on May 7, 1913, due to the harsh treatment and torture he endured while imprisoned.
In which year did the Naval Revolt occur in British India?
Asked in: District Library and Information Officer(DLIO) 2018
- 1943
- 1944
- 1945
- 1946
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Answer: D. 1946
The RIN Mutiny was a significant event that demonstrated the declining loyalty of the Indian armed forces towards the British rule, contributing to the eventual independence of India.
Cellular Jail, or Kalapani, where prisoners of India's Freedom Movement were imprisoned by the British is in
Asked in: TOURIST INFORMATION OFFICER(TIO) 2017
- The West Indies
- Mauritius
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Lakshadweep
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Answer: C. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Kalapani signifies the remote and harsh conditions faced by prisoners, often exiled to this distant jail.
Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)
Which of the following was/were the founder member(s) of Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in September, 1928? 1. Bhagat Singh 2. Jatindranath 3. Ajoy Ghosh 4. Phanindranath Ghosh Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Asked in: UPSC CDS 1 2022
- 1 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, 3 and 4
Show answer
Answer: D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
- The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was reorganized and renamed as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in September 1928 at a meeting in Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi. - Key revolutionaries present at this meeting and considered founder members included Chandrasekhar Azad (who became the leader), Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Shiv Verma, Bijoy Kumar Sinha, Jaidev Kapoor, Ajoy Ghosh, and potentially others like Jatindra Nath Das, who was closely associated and involved in early activities.
Who among the following wrote The Philosophy of the Bomb?
Asked in: UPSC CDS 2 2020
- Sukhdev
- Chandrashekhar Azad
- Bhagwati Charan Vohra
- Bhagat Singh
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Answer: C. Bhagwati Charan Vohra
"The Philosophy of the Bomb" was a significant manifesto of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). It was written by Bhagwati Charan Vohra in consultation with Bhagat Singh and others, and it was published in 1929 as a response to Mahatma Gandhi's article "The Cult of the Bomb".
Freedom Fighter Shaheed Bhagat Singh was associated with which of the following Organisations?
Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024
- The Swaraj Party
- Indian National Congress
- Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
- The Indian Communist Party.
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Answer: C. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
Bhagat Singh was a key leader and ideologue of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), which was formed in 1928 by reorganizing the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). He, along with other members like Sukhdev and Rajguru, carried out significant revolutionary activities such as the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 and the assassination of Saunders.
Shaheed Bhagat Singh was a part of which of the following organization(s)?
Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2018
- Naujavan Bharat Sabha
- Hindustan Socialist Republic Association
- Kirti Kisan Party
- All of the above
Show answer
Answer: D. All of the above
The question asks about the revolutionary organizations with which Bhagat Singh was associated.
Where was the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association established by revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad and Sardar Bhagat Singh ? The possible locations were: (a) Mumbai, (b) Nagpur, (c) Kolkata, (d) Delhi.
Asked in: MPSC CS Prelims 2022
- Only (a) and (b)
- Only (c) and (d)
- Only (a)
- Only (d)
Show answer
Answer: D. Only (d)
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was established in September 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi. It was formed by prominent revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, and others, as a rebranding and ideological shift from the earlier Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
What is the common element among Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri ?
Asked in: UPSC NDA 1 2015
- They threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April, 1929
- They were the founder members of Swaraj Party
- They were the founders of Hindustan Republican Association
- They were associated with Kakori Conspiracy case
Show answer
Answer: D. They were associated with Kakori Conspiracy case
The Kakori Conspiracy (August 9, 1925) was a defining event for the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and highlighted the commitment of its members to armed revolution. The trial and execution of key leaders like Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Lahiri, and Roshan Singh created martyrs for the independence movement.
'Hindustan Socialist Republican Army' was founded in the year ?
Asked in: UKPSC CS Prelims 2016
- 1919
- 1927
- 1916
- 1928
Show answer
Answer: D. 1928
- The organization was initially founded as the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) in 1924 by revolutionaries like Ram Prasad Bismil, Sachin Sanyal, and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee. - In 1928, under the leadership of Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and others, the HRA was reorganized and renamed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) at a meeting in Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi. The addition of 'Socialist' reflected a shift in their ideology.
Ideological Evolution of Revolutionaries (Shift towards Socialism and Communism)
Who said 'the sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas.' ?
Asked in: Government Polytechnic Exam 2012
- Ram Prasad Bismil
- Bhagwati Charan Vohra
- Bhagat Singh
- Batukeshwar Dutt
Show answer
Answer: B. Bhagwati Charan Vohra
Bhagwati Charan Vohra said, "the sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas."
Impact and Legacy of the Revolutionary Movement in India
The prison where Subhash Chandra Bose, Lokamanya Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai passed their imprisoned life, was
Asked in: COMBINED STATE AGRICULTURAL SER‐ VICES (PRE.) EXAM 2024 · VICES (PRE.) EXAM 2024
- Devali Camp Imprison
- Borstal Imprison
- Mandalay Imprison
- Alipur New Central Prison
Show answer
Answer: C. Mandalay Imprison
COMBINED STATE AGRICULTURAL SER‐ The question tests historical knowledge about the Indian freedom struggle and the specific locations of imprisonment for key leaders.
Key Personalities of the First Phase (Madan Lal Dhingra, V.D. Savarkar, Rash Behari Bose)
Match the following: a. Chittagong Armoury 1. V D Savarkar Raid 2. Surya Sen b. Mitra Mela 3. Shyamji Krishna c. Curzon Wyllie Verma d. The Indian Sociolo‐ 4. Madanlal Dhingra gist
Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2019
- 1 - b, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4 - c
- 1 - a, 2 - b, 3 - c, 4 - d
- 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - b, 4 - a
- 1 - d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - b
Show answer
Answer: A. 1 - b, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4 - c
This question tests knowledge about key figures and events/organizations associated with the Indian independence movement, particularly revolutionary activities and early nationalist initiatives.
Which was the first incident of a British official's assassination after the revolt of 1857?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2021
- Assassination of British official W.C. Rand by Chapekar Brothers
- Assassination of British police officer John Saunders by Bhagat Singh and Shivram Rajguru
- Assassination of William Hutt Curzon Wyllie by Madan Lal Dhingra
- Assassination of British police officer Jackson by Anant Laxman Kanhere
Show answer
Answer: A. Assassination of British official W.C. Rand by Chapekar Brothers
The Revolt of 1857 concluded in 1858. Let's look at the dates of the given incidents: A) W.C. Rand (Chairman of the Special Plague Committee in Pune) and Lt. Ayerst were assassinated by Damodar Hari Chapekar and Balkrishna Hari Chapekar on 22 June 1897. B) John Saunders was assassinated by Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev in Lahore on 17 December 1928. C) William Hutt Curzon Wyllie (political aide-de-camp to the Secretary of State for India) was assassinated by Madan Lal Dhingra in London on 1 July 1909. D) A.M.T. Jackson (District Magistrate of Nashik) was assassinated by Anant Laxman Kanhere on 21 December 1909. Comparing the dates after 1857, the assassination of W.C. Rand in 1897 is the earliest incident listed.
Which revolutionary leader made 'mercy petitions' from jail?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2021
- V. D. Savarkar
- B. G. Tilak
- Sukhdev Thapar
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
Show answer
Answer: A. V. D. Savarkar
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar is widely known for submitting multiple 'mercy petitions' (also called clemency petitions) to the British government while imprisoned in the Cellular Jail in the Andaman Islands.
The brain behind the bomb attack on Viceroy Lord Hardinge at Chandni Chowk, Delhi in December 1912, was
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2023 · WBCS Main Paper 3 2019
- Rasbehari Bose
- Bhai Parmanand
- Sachindranath Sanyal
- Shohan Lal Pathak
Show answer
Answer: A. Rasbehari Bose
Rasbehari Bose is widely regarded as the chief architect and mastermind behind the bomb attack on Viceroy Lord Hardinge on December 23, 1912, in Chandni Chowk, Delhi, during a procession marking the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi.
Aurobindo Ghosh was brilliantly defended by
Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2019
- Chittaranjan Das
- W. C. Bonerjee
- Motilal Nehru
- Tej Bahadur Sapru
Show answer
Answer: A. Chittaranjan Das
Aurobindo Ghosh was arrested in connection with the Alipore Bomb Case in 1908. He was brilliantly defended by Chittaranjan Das, a leading barrister and nationalist leader, whose powerful defense secured Aurobindo's acquittal.
Who killed Sir Michael O'Dwyer?
Asked in: acf 2019
- Rash Behari Bose
- Khudiram Bose
- Manmath Nath Gupta
- Udham Singh
Show answer
Answer: D. Udham Singh
This question tests knowledge of key historical events and individuals associated with the Indian independence movement, specifically acts of retribution against British officials.
Ǔनम्नͧलͨखित क्रांǓतकिाǐरयों में से ͩकिसने ͧलͪपकि किे रूप में देहरादुन में किायर्ट ͩकिया था ?
Asked in: Assistant Prosecuting Officer (APO) Exam 2021
- विी.Pी. साविरिकरि
- लाला हरिदयाल
- रिासlबहारिी बोस
- अKीत lसंह
Show answer
Answer: B. लाला हरिदयाल
Lala Har Dayal served as a clerk in Dehradun.
Major Revolutionary Actions and Conspiracy Cases (Kakori, Lahore, Central Assembly Bombing)
Against whom of the following was the Lahore Conspiracy Case registered during the Indian freedom struggle?
Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2016
- Lala Har Dayal
- Lala Lajpat Rai
- Vinayak damodar Savarkar
- Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
Show answer
Answer: D. Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
Vishnu Ganesh Pingle was a key figure in the Ghadar Party's plan to incite a rebellion in the Indian army during World War I. He was arrested and tried in the First Lahore Conspiracy Case and was among those executed.
Which revolutionaries were hanged in the 'Kakori Train Robbery Case'?
Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 65th
- Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla
- Veer Savarkar and Vasudev Chapekar
- Prafulla Chandra Chaki and Khudiram Bose
- Surya Sen and Udham Singh
Show answer
Answer: A. Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla
The Kakori Conspiracy was a train robbery organized by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) in August 1925 to fund their revolutionary activities.
Pairs showing Early Revolutionary Movements related cases in India, and the main person/ persons concerned are mentioned below. Evaluate the pairs. 1. The Muzaffarpur – Khudiram Bose and Conspiracy Case Prafulla Chaki 2. Nasik Conspiracy – Anant Laxman Kan‐ Case here 3. Lahore Conspir‐ – Bhagat Singh, Rajguru acy Case and Sukhdev 4. Chittagong Ar‐ – Surya Sen, Ganesh moury Raid Case Ghosh, Lokenath Bal
Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024
- 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
- 2, 3 and 4 are correct
- 1, 3 and 4 are correct
- 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Show answer
Answer: A. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
The Muzaffarpur Conspiracy Case (1908) involved the attempt by Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki to assassinate Magistrate Douglas Kingsford. 2. The Nasik Conspiracy Case (1909) was related to the assassination of District Magistrate A.M.T. Jackson by Anant Laxman Kanhere. 3. The Lahore Conspiracy Case (1929-1931) refers to the trial of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru (among others) for the assassination of police officer John Saunders and the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly. 4. The Chittagong Armoury Raid Case (1930) was led by Surya Sen, with prominent participants including Ganesh Ghosh and Lokenath Bal, among others, who raided the police and auxiliary forces armouries in Chittagong. 77. Which of the three freedom fighters of India were hanged to death in the Kakori Train Conspiracy in 1925?
Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024
- Roshan Singh, Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan
- Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru
- Sardar Udham Singh, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan
- Ram Prasad Bismil, Bhagat Singh, Ashfaqulla Khan
Show answer
Answer: A. Roshan Singh, Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan
The Kakori Conspiracy took place on August 9, 1925, involving revolutionaries of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) who looted a train carrying government money near Kakori, United Provinces. In the subsequent trial, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri were sentenced to death and hanged in December 1927.
What was the name of the British Officer who was shot by Udham Singh?
Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2024
- Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer
- John Saunders
- Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer
- None of the above
Show answer
Answer: C. Sir Michael Francis O'Dwyer
Udham Singh assassinated Sir Michael O'Dwyer in London on March 13, 1940. O'Dwyer was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab at the time of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 and was considered by Udham Singh to be the main person responsible for the tragedy, even though the actual firing order was given by Colonel Reginald Dyer.
.................... – an Indian revolutionary couldn’t be imprisoned in the *Kakori Robbery Case*.
Asked in: GPSC Prelims CSP 1 2018
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
- Roshan Singh
- Rajendra Lahiri
- Ashfaqullah Khan
Show answer
Answer: A. Chandra Shekhar Azad
- The Kakori Conspiracy (or Kakori train robbery) took place on August 9, 1925, organized by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). - Key members involved included Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh, and Chandra Shekhar Azad. - While Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Lahiri, and Roshan Singh were arrested, tried, and eventually executed, Chandra Shekhar Azad successfully evaded arrest and continued his revolutionary activities.
Muzaffarpur Bomb Case (1908) is associated with
Asked in: JPSC CS Prelims 2014 · JPSC CS Prelims 2015
- Savarkar
- Ajit Singh
- Prafulla Chaki
- Bipin Chandra Pal
Show answer
Answer: C. Prafulla Chaki
Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose were young revolutionaries who attempted to assassinate Magistrate Douglas Kingsford in Muzaffarpur.
Prominent Revolutionaries of the Second Phase (Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Surya Sen)
The slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' was first raised by
Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2016
- Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Chandrashekhar Azad
- Veer Savarkar
- Bhagat Singh
Show answer
Answer: D. Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh and his comrades, B.K. Dutt, shouted this slogan after throwing bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi on April 8, 1929. This act aimed to protest against the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Act.
Who wrote 'Why I am an Atheist', defending total rejection of all religion on grounds of human dignity and rationalist logic ?
Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2018
- Bhagat Singh
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
- Batukeshwar Dutt
- Ajoy Ghosh
Show answer
Answer: A. Bhagat Singh
'Why I am an Atheist' is a famous essay written by Bhagat Singh in 1930 while he was imprisoned. In this essay, he articulated his rationalist views and defended his rejection of religious belief, arguing from the perspective of human dignity and logical reasoning.
Who is the author of the popular song, Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna Ab Hamare Dil Men Hai?
Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 66th
- Surya Sen
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
- Sardar Bhagat Singh
- Ram Prasad Bismil
Show answer
Answer: D. Ram Prasad Bismil
While the original ghazal "Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna" was written by Bismil Azimabadi, it was widely popularized by Indian revolutionaries, most notably Ram Prasad Bismil, during the freedom struggle against British rule. Ram Prasad Bismil is strongly associated with this song as it was recited by him and his fellow revolutionaries before their execution.
On which date, Sukhdev, Bhagat Singh and Rajguru were hanged?
Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 67th Re Exam
- 23rd March, 1931
- 7th September, 1931
- 4th March, 1931
- 12th November, 1930
Show answer
Answer: A. 23rd March, 1931
They were sentenced to death in the Lahore Conspiracy Case.
Match the following on the basis of the end of lives of the following revolutionaries 1. During life imprisona. Jatin Das ment b. Chandrashekhar 2. Hunger strike Azad c. Bhagat Singh 3. During encounter d. Kalpana Datt 4. Hanged
Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2013
- a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
- a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
- a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4
- a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
Show answer
Answer: B. a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
Jatin Das died in prison after a historic hunger strike demanding better conditions for Indian political prisoners (2). Chandrashekhar Azad died in a shootout with the police in a park, choosing to shoot himself rather than be captured (3). Bhagat Singh was tried, convicted, and hanged by the British authorities (4). Kalpana Datt (later Kalpana Joshi) was involved in revolutionary activities and was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Chittagong Armoury Raid case (1).
Which of the following statement is true about the active revolutionary movement in India during the years between World Wars?
Asked in: CGPSC Prelims Exam 2016
- Chandrashekhar Azad founded the Anushilan Samiti.
- Bhagat Singh was the founder of Naujawan Bharat Sabha.
- Prafulla Chaki established the Hindustan Republican Association.
- Surya Sen Organized the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
Show answer
Answer: B. Bhagat Singh was the founder of Naujawan Bharat Sabha.
The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was a revolutionary youth organization founded to mobilize workers, peasants, and youth for national independence.
Who among the following revolutionaries founded the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army?
Asked in: UPSC Geoscientist 2023
- Ashfaqullah
- Batukeshwar Dutta
- Ram Prasad Bismil
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
Show answer
Answer: D. Chandra Shekhar Azad
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi. It was a transformation of the earlier Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Chandra Shekhar Azad was a prominent leader and organizer of the HSRA, along with Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru.
Revival of Revolutionary Movement (Post Non-Cooperation Movement)
Who led the famous Mandi conspiracy of 1914-15 ?
Asked in: HPPSC HPAS Prelims 2013
- Swami Krishna Nand
- Pandit Gauri Prasad
- Shobha Ram
- Mian Jawahar Singh
Show answer
Answer: D. Mian Jawahar Singh
The Mandi Conspiracy of 1914-15 was an anti-British uprising attempt in the princely state of Mandi, influenced by the Ghadar movement. Key leaders associated with this conspiracy include Mian Jawahar Singh and Bhai Hirda Ram. Mian Jawahar Singh is often cited as a prominent leader.
Revolutionary Groups and Activities in Bengal (Anushilan Samiti, Jugantar)
Who established a branch of Anushilan Samiti at Patna in 1913?
Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 63rd
- Rewati Nag
- Yadunath Sarkar
- Sachindra Nath Sanyal
- Mazharul Haque
Show answer
Answer: C. Sachindra Nath Sanyal
BPSC Prelims Exam-67th Cancelled Sachindra Nath Sanyal was a prominent revolutionary leader who established revolutionary organizations in various parts of North India. He set up a branch of the Anushilan Samiti in Patna in 1913 to promote revolutionary activities in Bihar.
Which among the following organisations was responsible for throwing a bomb at Viceroy Lord Hardinge in Delhi?
Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2023
- United Patriotic Association
- All India Labour Association
- Yugantar
- Anushilan Samiti
Show answer
Answer: D. Anushilan Samiti
The plot was led by Rash Behari Bose and involved revolutionaries like Sachin Sanyal, who were connected to the Anushilan Samiti network operating in North India. Vasant Kumar Biswas is widely believed to have thrown the bomb. While Rash Behari Bose had links to both prominent Bengali revolutionary groups, the network established in Northern India for this act is often associated with the Anushilan Samiti's reach.
Who founded Anushilan Samiti of Dacca?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2018
- Prafulla Chaki
- Pulin Das
- S. N. Sanyal
- Jatindra Nath Mukherjee
Show answer
Answer: B. Pulin Das
Anushilan Samiti was a network of revolutionary organizations in Bengal in the early 20th century. While the Calcutta Anushilan Samiti had leaders like Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Aurobindo Ghosh, the Dacca (Dhaka) Anushilan Samiti was founded and led by Pulin Behari Das.
Who was the founder of 'Anushilan Samity'?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2022
- Ashwini Kumar Dutta
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Aurobindo Ghosh
- Pramathanath Mitra
Show answer
Answer: D. Pramathanath Mitra
Anushilan Samity was a prominent revolutionary organization active primarily in Bengal, advocating for armed struggle against British rule.
Yugantar Party was led by
Asked in: UPPSC Upper Mains 2009
- Jatindranath Mukherjee
- Sachindranath Sanyal
- Rashbehari Bose
- Subh.ish Chandra Bose
Show answer
Answer: A. Jatindranath Mukherjee
The Jugantar (Yugantar) group was a prominent revolutionary organization based in Bengal. While initially associated with figures like Barindra Kumar Ghose, during the later phase, particularly around World War I and the plans for armed insurrection (like the Indo-German conspiracy, also known as the Ghadr-Jugantar Conspiracy), Jatindranath Mukherjee, known as Bagha Jatin, emerged as the key leader and driving force of the Jugantar group.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists: List I List II I. Chittagong Ar‐ A) Kalpana Dutt moury Raid II. Abhinav Bharat B) Guru Ram Singh C) Vikram Damodar III. Anushilan Samiti Savarkar IV. Kuka Movement D) Aurobindo Ghosh
Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2000
- I-A, II-C, III-D, IV-B
- I-A, II-C, III-B, IV-D
- I-C, II-A, III-B, IV-D
- I-C, II-A, III-D, IV-B
Show answer
Answer: A. I-A, II-C, III-D, IV-B
Kalpana Dutt was a prominent revolutionary associated with Surya Sen and the Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar founded the Abhinav Bharat Society in 1904. Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary organization in Bengal with early links to figures like Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh. Guru Ram Singh was a significant leader of the Kuka Movement in the mid-19th century Punjab.
Who among the following was not involved with the foundation of the Anushilan Samiti of Calcutta in 1902?
Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2021
- Promotha Mitter
- Abani Mukherjee
- Barindra Kumar Ghosh
- Jotindra Nath Banerjee
Show answer
Answer: B. Abani Mukherjee
The Anushilan Samiti of Calcutta, founded in 1902, had prominent figures like Promotha Mitter (P. Mitra), Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Jatindranath Banerjee (Jotindra Nath Banerjee), and Satish Chandra Basu among its founders and early leaders. Abani Mukherjee was a revolutionary who became active later and was involved with the Communist Party of India.
Revolutionary Nationalism Abroad (Ghadar Movement, Berlin Committee)
Consider the following events and arrange them in chronological order. I. The foundation of Gadar Party II. Chittagon Armory Raid III. Set up of the 'Indian Independence Committe' at Berlin IV. Central Assembly Bomb Case Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Asked in: UPPCS Prelims 2022
- III, I, IV and II
- I, III, IV and II
- I, III, II and IV
- III, I, II and IV
Show answer
Answer: B. I, III, IV and II
Understanding the sequence of significant events and organizations during India's freedom struggle is crucial for historical analysis.
Which one journal was not associated with any revolutionary organization?
Asked in: Chief Fire Officer Exam 2021
- Prabuddha Bharata
- Yugantar
- Sandhya
- Gadhar
Show answer
Answer: A. Prabuddha Bharata
During the Indian freedom struggle, various journals and newspapers played a crucial role in disseminating nationalist ideas and mobilizing public opinion. Some were moderate, while others were radical and associated with revolutionary groups.
Role of Women in Revolutionary Movements (Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Datta)
A woman revolutionary who while receiving her degree at the convocation of the University of Calcutta from the Governor of Bengal shot him was
Asked in: APSC CCE Prelims Exam 2016
- Kalpana Dutta
- Bina Das
- Pritilata Waddedar
- Leela Nag
Show answer
Answer: B. Bina Das
In 1932, at the convocation ceremony of Calcutta University, she attempted to assassinate the Governor of Bengal, Stanley Jackson, by shooting at him. She fired five shots but failed to kill him and was immediately arrested.
Who among the following freedom fighters did not belong to revolutionary (militant) nationalism?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2021
- Veena Das
- Santi & Suniti
- Matangini Hazra
- Kalpana Datta
Show answer
Answer: C. Matangini Hazra
Matangini Hazra was a prominent freedom fighter who participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement. While she displayed immense courage and defiance in the face of violence, leading a procession and being shot dead while holding the flag, her primary association is with the mass movements led by Gandhi, not with the underground armed revolutionary groups.
The two greatest women revolutioneries of the National Movement-Pritilata Wadedar and Kalpana Dutta were the revolutionary co- workers of:
Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2019
- Surya Sen
- Bhagat Singh
- Batokeshwar Dutt
- Chapekar brothers
Show answer
Answer: A. Surya Sen
Both Pritilata Waddedar and Kalpana Dutta were key figures in the revolutionary movement in Bengal under the leadership of Surya Sen.
Which of the following revolutionary and terrorist organizations had a large number of young women revolutionaries?
Asked in: WBCS Main Paper 3 2019
- Yugantar
- Anushilan Samiti
- Bharat Mata Society
- Indian Republican Army
Show answer
Answer: D. Indian Republican Army
While women were involved in various revolutionary groups, the Indian Republican Army, specifically the Chittagong branch led by Surya Sen, is particularly known for the active participation of a significant number of young women revolutionaries in direct armed actions, including raids and attacks. Notable examples are Pritilata Waddedar and Kalpana Dutta. While Yugantar and Anushilan Samiti also had female members, their involvement in combat roles was often less prominent or direct, especially in the earlier phases, compared to the Chittagong group's female fighters. Bharat Mata Society was more active in Punjab and less known for widespread female participation in direct armed struggle.
The Chittagong Armoury Raid and its Significance
The Chittagong Armoury Raid had been planned by :
Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 60 62rd WBCS Main Paper 3 2019
- Surya Sen
- Chandan Dutta
- Vidhan Ghosh
- Jatin Das
Show answer
Answer: A. Surya Sen
The Chittagong Armoury Raid was an armed uprising on 18 April 1930, aimed at seizing the British armoury in Chittagong and declaring a provisional government.
Who is related to 'Chittagong Armoury Raid'?
Asked in: BPSC Prelims Exam 67th Cancelled
- Rash Behari Bose
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
- Batukeshwar Dutt
- Surya Sen
Show answer
Answer: D. Surya Sen
Surya Sen was a revolutionary leader who planned and executed the raid on the police armoury and auxiliary forces armoury in Chittagong (now in Bangladesh) as part of the armed independence struggle against British rule.
Which of the following statements about the Chittagong group is NOT correct?
Asked in: UPSC NDA 1 2017
- Its membership included a large number of youth including Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath Baul and Anant Singh
- Its leader Surya Sen had been a lawyer in Dhaka before joining the group
- Surya Sen and his group were closely associ‐ ated with Congress work in Chittagong
- This group had prepared an action plan to occupy the armouries in Chittagong
Show answer
Answer: B. Its leader Surya Sen had been a lawyer in Dhaka before joining the group
Surya Sen, known as 'Masterda', the leader of the Chittagong group responsible for the 1930 armoury raid, was a school teacher in Chittagong. He was not a lawyer and was not based in Dhaka.
Who issued an Independence Proclamation in 1930 in the name of the 'Indian Republican Army'?
Asked in: UPSC CISF AC EXE 2019
- Sachindra Nath Sanyal
- Chandra Shekhar Azad
- Surya Sen
- Bhagat Singh
Show answer
Answer: C. Surya Sen
- Surya Sen, also known as Masterda, was a revolutionary from Bengal who is best known for leading the Chittagong Armoury Raid on April 18, 1930. - His revolutionary group was named the 'Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch'. - After successfully raiding the armouries and seizing weapons (though not ammunition), the revolutionaries gathered, hoisted the national flag, and Surya Sen issued a proclamation declaring the establishment of a provisional revolutionary government in Chittagong, effectively using the name of the 'Indian Republican Army'.
When did the Chittagong Armoury Raid take place and who was its chief organizer?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2017
- 1930, Surya Sen
- 1929, Batukeshwar Datta
- 1929, Sachindra Nath Sanyal
- 1930, Ram Prasad Bismil
Show answer
Answer: A. 1930, Surya Sen
On April 18, 1930, Surya Sen, also known as Masterda, led a group of revolutionaries in a raid on the police armoury and auxiliary force armoury in Chittagong (now in Bangladesh) as part of an armed uprising against British rule.
Surya Sen was associated with which of the event during the Indian freedom struggle?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2019
- Chittagong Armoury Raid
- Kakori conspiracy
- Civil Disobedience movement
- Home Rule movement
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Answer: A. Chittagong Armoury Raid
Surya Sen, popularly known as 'Masterda', was a prominent revolutionary leader who led the Chittagong Armoury Raid (also known as the Chittagong Uprising) on April 18, 1930, in Bengal (now in Bangladesh).
Which among the following great revolutionaries was the brain behind the ‘Chittagong Armoury Raid’?
Asked in: WBPSC CS Prelims 2020
- Ganesh Ghosh
- Chandrasekhar Azad
- Surya Sen
- Lala Hardayal
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Answer: C. Surya Sen
Surya Sen, also known as 'Masterda', was a revolutionary leader who planned and led the attack on the police armoury and auxiliary forces armoury in Chittagong (now in Bangladesh) on April 18, 1930.
