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Division of Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs)
The division of the PSEs of the existing state of Andhra Pradesh
will be done according to the location of production facilities
With the exception of a few PSEs, the headquarters of most of
them are located in Hyderabad. However, it is the location of
the production facility that will determine whether an enterprise
will be included in new Andhra Pradesh or Telangana. The
headquarters may continue to remain in Hyderabad for the
period in which it will serve as the common capital. After this,
enterprises that are allocated to the new Andhra Pradesh would
have to reallocate their headquarters to the new capital city. If
these enterprises are contributing significantly to state revenues,
new Andhra Pradesh may relocate their headquarters at the
earliest to a location within new Andhra Pradesh.
Division of government employees
In relation to the Indian Administrative Services, Indian Police
Services and Indian Forest Services, two separate cadres will
be created: one for new Andhra Pradesh and the other for
Telangana. From the day of bifurcation, the employees of
Public Sector Undertakings, corporations and other autonomous
bodies will continue to function in such undertaking, corporation
or autonomous bodies for one year. During this period, the
concerned corporate body will have to determine the modalities
for distributing the personnel between the two new States.
The Public Service Commission for the existing state of Andhra
Pradesh will also become the Public Service Commission for the
new Andhra Pradesh. Furthermore, it will serve as the Public
Service Commission for Telangana until the new Public Service
Commission is constituted there.
Division of pensioners
The Reorganization Act has made detailed provisions for the
division of pension liabilities of the existing state between the two
new States. This has been elucidated on in the Act. The focus on
pension comes from the experience of the division of other states
that have indicated unresolved issues pertaining to the division of
pension liabilities.
The provision states that the pension liabilities of the existing state will be divided between the two new States in the Population ratio. The actual liabilities would differ from this ratio. In such acase, the state that has to pay more than its share in population would be reimbursed by the other one.
State Undertakings & Institutions
Section 68 catalogues eighty-nine (89) State Undertakings have been specified in the Ninth Schedule of the Act. Section 53 of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act that deals with the apportionment of assets and liabilities relating to the State undertakings is as follows:
(1 The assets and liabilities relating to any commercial or industrial undertaking of the existing State of Andhra Pradesh, where such undertaking or part thereof is exclusively located in, or its operations are confined to, a local area, shall pass to the State in which that area is included on the appointed day, irrespective of the location of its headquarters.
(2 Provided that where the operation of such undertaking becomes interState by virtue of the provisions of Part II, the assets and liabilities of––
(a) the operational units of the undertaking shall be apportioned between the two successor States on location basis;and (b) the headquarters of such undertaking shall be apportioned between the two successor States on the basis of population ratio.
- Though eighty-nine state undertakings were included in the Ninth Schedule, only seventy are incorporated societies or companies, rest being subsidiary entities. The previous central government has not paid adequate attention to the principles and the methodology for reorganisation of state enterprises and apportionment of assets and liabilities between the two states while formulating the Act. Though subsequently the undivided Andhra Pradesh government has constituted an expert committee for apportionment of assets and liabilities of the state undertakings, including the staff, it is far from completing its task. This has created uncertainty in the management of the state undertakings during the interregnum.
- The Section 75 of the Act, cited below, has provided for the continuation of facilities in one hundred seven (107) institutions specified in the Tenth Schedule to the Act.
- A careful analysis of the institutions listed in the Schedule-X indicate that twenty-two are government departments, ten are Statutory Bodies, seventeen are societies and two are categorised as board / council. All these fifty-five entities are required by both States in their entirety and not amenable to sharing between the two States. Further, four of the hundred seven institutions are not functional, nine are universities and sixteen others are integral part of government departments.
- Consequently, the Act has created a curious situation by including the heads of departments (HOD) and regulatory agencies that are integral to the governance of every State in the Schedule-X, while excluding several other entities that have been established under the central and state statutes. Further, the Act has remained silent on the apportionment of staff, assets, etc., of these institutions between the two States. Above all, since majority of the institutions included in the Tenth Schedule are headquartered inHyderabad, the residuary Andhra Pradesh would take a long time to replicate them. The Act has not provided any provision to replicate these valuable institutions in the residuary State.
- several institutions established under the statute, like the Information Commission, State Election Commission, Lokayuktha, Human Rights Commission, etc., have not found place anywhere in the Act. Therefore, it is crystal clear that the Act was designed without adequate attention to the details
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Entrepreneurship and commerce are two of the most important drivers of economic Growth. Entrepreneurs are the people who start new businesses, and they are responsible for creating jobs and innovation. Commerce is the process of buying and selling goods and services, and it is essential for the distribution of goods and services to consumers.
There are many different types of businesses, but they all share some common features. Businesses need to have a business plan, which is a document that outlines the company's goals, strategies, and how it plans to achieve those goals. Businesses also need to have a business model, which is a description of how the company will generate revenue and make a profit.
One of the most important aspects of entrepreneurship is customer acquisition. This is the process of finding and attracting customers to your business. There are many different ways to acquire customers, including advertising, Marketing, and public relations.
Once you have acquired customers, you need to keep them happy. This is where customer relationship management (CRM) comes in. CRM is a system that helps you manage your relationships with customers. It can help you track customer interactions, identify potential problems, and resolve customer issues.
E-Commerce is the process of buying and selling goods and services over the Internet. It has become increasingly popular in recent years, and it is now a major part of the global economy.
Financial planning is essential for any business. It involves creating a budget, tracking expenses, and making sure that the business has enough Money to cover its costs.
Franchising is a business model in which a company grants another company the right to use its brand, products, and services in exchange for a fee. Franchising can be a great way to expand a business quickly, but it is important to choose the right franchise opportunity.
Marketing is the process of promoting your business and its products or services. There are many different types of marketing, including advertising, public relations, and Social Media marketing.
Market research is the process of gathering information about your target market. This information can help you develop products or services that meet the needs of your customers.
Product development is the process of creating new products or services. It involves identifying a need in the market, developing a product or service that meets that need, and testing the product or service with potential customers.
Sales is the process of convincing customers to buy your products or services. There are many different sales techniques, and the best technique to use will vary depending on your product or service.
A small business is a business that is owned and operated by one or a few people. Small businesses are important for the economy because they create jobs and innovation.
A startup is a new business that is trying to grow quickly. Startups are often funded by venture capitalists, who are investors who are willing to take on high risks in exchange for the potential for high returns.
Supply Chain Management is the process of managing the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers. It involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of goods and services.
Venture Capital is money that is invested in startups. Venture capitalists are investors who are willing to take on high risks in exchange for the potential for high returns.
Entrepreneurship and commerce are two of the most important drivers of economic growth. By understanding the basics of these two concepts, you can be better prepared to start your own business or invest in a startup.
What is a business plan?
A business plan is a written description of your business's future, a document that tells what you plan to do and how you plan to do it. If you jot down a paragraph on the back of an envelope describing your business strategy, you've written a plan. But if you want to start a business that will last, you need a more formal plan.
A business plan is a living document that should be updated regularly to reflect changes in your business. It should be used as a roadmap to guide your business decisions and as a tool to communicate your business strategy to potential investors, partners, and employees.
What are the benefits of having a business plan?
There are many benefits to having a business plan. A well-written business plan can help you:
- Define your business goals and objectives. A business plan forces you to think through your business idea and develop a clear vision for your future.
- Develop a strategy for achieving your goals. A business plan outlines your business strategy, including your marketing plan, financial plan, and operations plan.
- Secure funding. A business plan is an essential tool for raising money from investors or lenders.
- Attract and retain employees. A business plan can help you attract and retain top employees by demonstrating your business's potential for success.
- Manage your business effectively. A business plan can help you track your progress and make necessary adjustments to your business strategy.
What are the different types of business plans?
There are many different types of business plans, each tailored to a specific purpose. The most common types of business plans include:
- Executive summary: This is a brief overview of your business plan, typically one or two pages long. It should include your business's mission statement, executive summary, and financial projections.
- Business description: This section provides a detailed description of your business, including its products or services, target market, and competitive advantage.
- Market analysis: This section analyzes your target market and identifies your potential customers. It also includes a discussion of your competition and how you plan to differentiate your business.
- Marketing plan: This section outlines your strategy for reaching your target market and promoting your products or services.
- Financial plan: This section projects your business's income, expenses, and cash flow. It also includes a break-even analysis and a discussion of your funding needs.
- Management team: This section describes your management team and their experience and qualifications.
- Appendix: This section includes any supporting documents, such as financial statements, product samples, or marketing materials.
How do I write a business plan?
Writing a business plan can be a daunting task, but it doesn't have to be. The key is to break the process down into manageable steps. Here are a few tips for writing a business plan:
- Start with a clear purpose. What are you hoping to achieve by writing a business plan? Are you looking to raise money, attract investors, or simply develop a roadmap for your business?
- Do your research. Before you start writing, take the time to research your Industry, your target market, and your competition. This information will help you develop a Sound business strategy.
- Be realistic. When writing your business plan, it's important to be realistic about your goals and objectives. Don't set yourself up for failure by setting unrealistic expectations.
- Be concise. A business plan should be concise and easy to read. Avoid using jargon or technical language.
- Get feedback. Once you've written a draft of your business plan, ask someone else to review it and give you feedback. This will help you identify any areas that need improvement.
- Update your plan regularly. Your business plan is a living document that should be updated regularly to reflect changes in your business. Make sure to review your plan at least once a year and make any necessary changes.
Where can I find more information about business plans?
There are many Resources available to help you write a business plan. Here are a few places to start:
- The Small Business Administration (SBA): The SBA offers a variety of resources for small businesses, including information on writing a business plan.
- SCORE: SCORE is a nonprofit organization that provides free counseling and mentoring to small businesses.
- The U.S. Chamber of Commerce: The Chamber of Commerce offers a variety of resources for small businesses, including information on writing a business plan.
- Your local library: Many libraries have books and other resources on writing a business plan.
- The internet: There are many websites that offer information on writing a business plan.
Sure, here are some MCQs without mentioning the topic Enterpreneur And Commercial:
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What is the most important factor in a successful business? (A) A good product or service (B) A strong marketing campaign (C) A well-managed team (D) A sound financial plan
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What is the difference between a business and a non-profit organization? (A) A business is for-profit, while a non-profit is not-for-profit. (B) A business is owned by its shareholders, while a non-profit is owned by its members. (C) A business is operated for the benefit of its owners, while a non-profit is operated for the benefit of its community. (D) All of the above.
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What are the three main types of business ownership structures? (A) Sole proprietorship, PARTNERSHIP, and corporation (B) Sole proprietorship, partnership, and limited liability company (C) Sole proprietorship, corporation, and limited liability company (D) Sole proprietorship, partnership, and franchise
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What is the difference between a sole proprietorship and a partnership? (A) A sole proprietorship is owned by one person, while a partnership is owned by two or more people. (B) A sole proprietorship is not a legal entity, while a partnership is a legal entity. (C) A sole proprietorship is not taxed, while a partnership is taxed. (D) All of the above.
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What is the difference between a corporation and a limited liability company? (A) A corporation is a legal entity, while a limited liability company is not a legal entity. (B) A corporation is taxed, while a limited liability company is not taxed. (C) A corporation has limited liability, while a limited liability company has unlimited liability. (D) All of the above.
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What are the four main FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT? (A) Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling (B) Marketing, finance, operations, and human resources (C) Research and development, production, marketing, and sales (D) Accounting, finance, marketing, and operations
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What is the difference between marketing and sales? (A) Marketing is the process of creating and delivering value to customers, while sales is the process of selling products or services to customers. (B) Marketing is the process of understanding and satisfying customer needs, while sales is the process of generating revenue. (C) Marketing is the process of creating a demand for products or services, while sales is the process of fulfilling that demand. (D) All of the above.
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What are the four Ps of marketing? (A) Product, price, place, and promotion (B) Product, price, promotion, and distribution (C) Product, price, place, and service (D) Product, price, promotion, and packaging
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What is the difference between a product and a service? (A) A product is a tangible good, while a service is an intangible good. (B) A product is something that can be bought or sold, while a service is something that cannot be bought or sold. (C) A product is something that is used to satisfy a need, while a service is something that is used to satisfy a want. (D) All of the above.
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What are the four main types of pricing strategies? (A) Cost-based pricing, value-based pricing, competitive-based pricing, and psychological pricing (B) Penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competitive pricing, and premium pricing (C) Fixed pricing, variable pricing, dynamic pricing, and psychological pricing (D) Negotiated pricing, cost-plus pricing, value-based pricing, and market-based pricing
I hope these MCQs were helpful!