According to American School of thought, the difference between administration and management is that

The correct answer is: A. administration is largely deterministic while management is essentially executive.

According to the American School of thought, administration is largely deterministic, meaning that it is a set of rules and procedures that must be followed in order to achieve a desired outcome. Management, on the other hand, is essentially executive, meaning that it is the process of making decisions and taking action to achieve a desired outcome.

Option B is incorrect because management is not largely deterministic. Management is a complex process that involves making decisions, taking action, and evaluating results. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to management, and what works for one organization may not work for another.

Option C is incorrect because management is not performed at higher levels of management. Management is performed at all levels of an organization, from the top level to the bottom level.

Option D is incorrect because administration and management are not the same. Administration is a set of rules and procedures, while management is the process of making decisions and taking action.