- Assertion (A) states that the Partition of Bengal in 1905 brought to an end the Moderates' role in the Indian freedom movement. This is an overstatement. While the Partition agitation and the subsequent rise of extremist methods and leadership weakened the Moderates' influence and eventually led to their split with the Extremists, it did not immediately or completely "bring to an end" their role. Moderates continued to be a part of the Indian National Congress and the freedom movement, though their dominance waned after 1907. Thus, Assertion (A) is false. - Reason (R) states that the Surat session of the Indian National Congress separated the Extremists from the Moderates. This is historically accurate. The Surat session in 1907 saw a formal split between the two factions over ideological differences and control of the Congress. Thus, Reason (R) is true. - Since Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true, option D is correct.
Assertion (A): Partition of Bengal in 1905 brought to an end the Moderates’ role in the Indian freedom movement. Reason (R): The Surat session of Indian National Congress separated the Extremists from the Moderates.
Asked in UPPCS Prelims 1998 · Topic: Moderates and Extremists in Congress (The Surat Split (1907) and its immediate aftermath)
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Answer: D. A is false, but R is true
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