The Indian National Congress split into two main factions, the Moderates and the Extremists, at its session held in Surat in December 1907. The split occurred primarily due to disagreements over the methods of protest, the aims of the Congress (particularly regarding Swaraj), and the election of the President for the session. The Extremists favoured passive resistance, boycott, and Swadeshi, while the Moderates preferred constitutional methods and gradual reforms.