Major solar storms (solar flares or Coronal Mass Ejections - CMEs) release high-energy particles and magnetic fields that interact with the Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere, causing geomagnetic storms. The possible effects include: 1. GPS and navigation systems could fail The charged particles can disrupt the radio signals used by GPS satellites.
Consider the following statements: If a major solar storm (solar flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth? 1. GPS and navigation systems could fail. 2. Tsunamis could occur in the oceanic regions. 3. Power grids could be damaged. 4. Intense aurorae could occur over much of the Earth. 5. Forest fires could occur over a wide area. 6. Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed. 7. Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Asked in KPSC KAS Prelims 2014 · Topic: Astronomy and Astrophysics Basics (The Sun: Structure, Solar Activity, Solar Wind, Space Weather)
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- Power grids could be damaged Rapid changes in the Earth's magnetic field can induce currents in long conductors like power lines, potentially overloading and damaging transformers, leading to blackouts. 4. Intense aurorae could occur over much of the Earth Increased particle influx into the atmosphere leads to more widespread and intense aurora displays, visible at lower latitudes than usual. 6. Orbits of the satellites could be disturbed Heating and expansion of the upper atmosphere increase atmospheric drag on satellites in low Earth orbit, causing them to lose altitude. 7. Shortwave radio communication of the aircraft flying over polar regions could be interrupted Solar storms disrupt the ionosphere, which is crucial for reflecting shortwave radio signals over long distances, particularly affecting communications in polar regions where magnetic field lines channel particles. 70. During solar eclipse
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