The gene encoding human insulin, INS, is located on chromosome 11. Humans are diploid organisms, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes (except for sex chromosomes in males). Therefore, a healthy individual has two copies of the INS gene, one on each of the homologous chromosome 11 pair. Both copies are typically functional, encoding the proinsulin precursor that is cleaved to form mature insulin.
Human insulin molecule is composed of one α-chain having 21 amino acids and one β-chain having 30 amino acids. How many functional insulin genes occur in adult humans?
Asked in UPSC CDS 2 2017 · Topic: Heredity (Polygenic Inheritance and Pleiotropy)
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