Let's decipher the relations given in the expression ‘N # P $ Q × S': 1. 'N # P' means N is mother of P. (N is female, P's gender is not determined here). 2. 'P $ Q' means P is father of Q. (P is male, Q's gender is not determined here). 3. 'Q × S' means Q is sister of S. (Q is female, S's gender is not determined here).Combine the relations: - N is the mother of P. - P is the father of Q. - Q is the sister of S.From 'N is mother of P' and 'P is father of Q', N and P are the parents of Q. N is the mother and P is the father. From 'P is father of Q' and 'Q is sister of S', P is the father of both Q and S (since Q and S are siblings). Q is a female. S's gender is not specified.So, we have: - N is the mother of P. - P is the father of S. - Q is the sister of S (and daughter of P, and grandchild of N).N is the mother of P, and P is the parent of S. This makes N the grandmother of S. The question asks how S is related to N. S is the child of P, who is the child of N. Thus, S is the grandchild of N. The gender of S is not specified ('Q is sister of S' implies Q is female, but S can be male or female). If S is male, S is the grandson of N. If S is female, S is the granddaughter of N. Since S's gender is not determined by the given relations, we cannot definitively state whether S is a grandson or granddaughter.