- The Moplah rebellions occurred in the Malabar region of Kerala. - The Moplah community were predominantly Muslim tenants, while the landlords (Jenmis) were mostly upper-caste Hindus. - The revolts were agrarian in nature, triggered by issues like unfair rents, renewal fees, tenant evictions, and oppressive practices by the landlords. - While the revolts sometimes took on communal overtones due to the religious difference between peasants and landlords, and later involved anti-British sentiment (especially the 1921 revolt), the initial and primary target of the peasant anger in the 19th century was the exploitation by the Hindu landlords.