- Devendranath Tagore was a leading figure of the Brahmo Samaj after Ram Mohan Roy and founded the Tattwabodhini Sabha in 1839 to promote rational and theistic ideas. - Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Sabha in 1873 to work for the rights of lower castes. - Durgaram Mehta (or Durgaram Manchharam Dave) founded the Manav Dharma Sabha in Surat in 1844 for religious reforms. - Shivnarayan Agnihotri founded the Dev Samaj in Lahore in 1887, based on humanitarian principles and social service.