- A.K. Gopalan Vs State of Madras (1950) famously dealt with the interpretation of fundamental rights, particularly Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) and the procedure for preventive detention. (A-iii) - Romesh Thapar Vs State of Madras (1950) was a key case regarding the scope of freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) and restrictions under Article 19(2). (B-iv) - Sankari Prasad Vs Union of India (1951) concerned the scope of Parliament's power to amend the Constitution, specifically fundamental rights. (C-ii) - Champakam Dorairajan Vs State of Madras (1951) dealt with the issue of communal reservations in state educational institutions and the relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, particularly concerning equality in admissions. (D-i)