- Biochemistry studies the chemistry of living organisms and the molecular basis of life processes. - Material Chemistry focuses on the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of materials, including polymers, ceramics, metals, etc., often overlapping with solid-state chemistry. - Physical Chemistry applies principles of physics (like thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, kinetics) to chemical systems and processes. - Analytical Chemistry deals with the identification, separation, and quantitative determination of chemical substances.