Statement (c) suggests Central Asian soldiers had more modern weapons. While not "modern" by today's standards, they often possessed superior military tactics and technology for their time, particularly in the effective use of cavalry (mounted archers) and mobility, which contrasted with the traditional reliance on infantry and elephants by Indian forces. Statement (d) points out that invading armies were led by slaves. The Ghurid and early Delhi Sultanate rulers often rose from slave or mamluk backgrounds based on merit and military prowess. This system of leadership promotion based on capability could foster a more disciplined and effective military force compared to systems based purely on heredity.