The Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1867 by Atmaram Pandurang, Dadoba Pandurang, and V.A. Dabholkar, inspired by the Brahmo Samaj. However, Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the Samaj in 1870 and became the driving force behind its activities, particularly in advocating for social reforms like caste equality, women's education, and widow remarriage. His leadership and intellectual contributions were crucial to the growth and influence of Prarthana Samaj, making him widely regarded as its chief architect in Maharashtra.