- NOTA (None of the Above) voting option was introduced in India following the Supreme Court's direction in the PUCL vs. Union of India case (2013). - It is provided to voters in direct elections, allowing them to express disapproval of all contesting candidates. - NOTA is applicable in elections to the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and State Legislative Assemblies. - Elections for President and Vice-President are indirect elections based on the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote, where voters rank candidates. NOTA is not applicable in this system.