- The Surat Session in 1907 is famous for the split in the Indian National Congress between the Moderates and the Extremists. - The election of the President was a key point of contention. The Extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai or Bal Gangadhar Tilak, while the Moderates supported Rash Behari Ghosh. - Despite the opposition from the Extremists, Rash Behari Ghosh was elected President, which triggered the formal split.