Sanchi is a major Buddhist complex, home to the Great Stupa (Stupa No. 1) and other monastic structures, largely built or expanded during the reign of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE and later periods. While it became a crucial center of Buddhist art and architecture, it was not one of the four principal pilgrimage sites associated with Buddha's life (Lumbini, Bodhgaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar).