The judgment held that while laws placed in the Ninth Schedule enjoy a presumption of constitutionality and are protected from judicial review on the grounds of violating fundamental rights, this protection is not absolute. Laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973 (the date of the Kesavananda Bharati judgment which propounded the basic structure doctrine) are open to judicial review if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution. This ruling solidified the basic structure doctrine and extended its application to laws in the Ninth Schedule.