- X-BIS machines use dual-energy X-rays to differentiate between materials based on their atomic number (Zeff). - Different colours are assigned to different categories of materials: - Organic materials (low Zeff, e.g., paper, cloth, food, explosives, drugs) - often shown as orange/brown. - Mixed materials (medium Zeff, e.g., plastics, water) - often shown as green. - Inorganic materials (high Zeff, e.g., metals, glass) - often shown as blue/black.