- Lord Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) attained Mahaparinirvana (his physical death and final liberation) in Kushinagar, located in modern-day Uttar Pradesh, India. - Bodh Gaya (Bihar) is the place where he attained enlightenment (Bodhi). - Rajgir (Bihar) was the capital of the Magadha kingdom during Buddha's time. He delivered many important sermons here, including those at Gridhakuta hill. The first Buddhist Council was also held here after his death. - Sarnath (near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) is where he gave his first sermon (Dharma Chakra Pravartana) after attaining enlightenment, marking the beginning of the Buddhist Sangha.