Balban (reigned 1266-1287) was a powerful Sultan of the Mamluk dynasty (or Slave dynasty) of Delhi Sultanate. Facing internal rebellions, external threats, and the declining prestige of the Sultan, he implemented a severe and authoritarian policy known as the 'blood and iron' policy (loosely translated from Persian 'Siyasat-i-gardun'), which involved ruthless suppression of enemies, maintaining a strong army, and asserting the Sultan's absolute authority. - Iltutmish was the actual founder of the Delhi Sultanate and organized it. - Ala-ud-din Khalji was known for his market regulations and conquests. - Muhammad bin Tughluq was known for his eccentric projects and administrative reforms.