All the listed biological factors can contribute to the deterioration of cellulose-based materials like paper, though their primary modes of action may differ. Termites feed on cellulose directly. Silverfish chew on paper fibers, often targeting starch-based adhesives. Psocids (booklice) feed on mold and fungi, but can also ingest paper fibers. Fungi are major decomposers of cellulose, breaking it down through enzymatic action.