- Gosala Maskariputra was a contemporary of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) and Mahavira (the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism). - The Ajivika philosophy is known for its strict determinism (Niyati), asserting that everything is predetermined and human effort is futile in altering destiny. - The Ajivika sect was a prominent non-Vedic ascetic tradition in ancient India but eventually declined.