The Bhakti movement in South India saw the rise of two major groups of poet-saints: the Alvars, who were devotees of Vishnu, and the Nayanars, who were devotees of Shiva. The hymns of the Alvars were collected in the Nalayira Divyaprabandham, while the hymns of the Nayanars were compiled later into works like the Tevaram and Tiruvachakam. Both movements emphasized personal devotion and challenged some aspects of the prevailing social and religious norms.