- Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (also known as Badshah Khan or Frontier Gandhi) was a Pashtun independence activist from the North-West Frontier Province of British India. - He founded the Khuda-i-Khidmatgar movement in 1929 as a nonviolent resistance movement against British rule. - The movement was known for its commitment to nonviolence and its members wore red uniforms, hence they were also called 'Red Shirts'.