- Nagarjuna's philosophy is based on the concept of shunyata (emptiness), arguing that phenomena are empty of inherent existence (svabhava). - The Madhyamika school is known as the "Middle Way" because it avoids the extremes of asserting existence or non-existence of phenomena. - Asanga and Vasubandhu were prominent figures of the Yogacara school of Mahayana Buddhism, which focused on the nature of consciousness. - Dharmakirti was a major Buddhist philosopher of the 7th century CE, primarily known for his work on Buddhist logic (Pramana).